Evaluation of YB-1 transcriptional factor, DNA glycosylase hNTH1 and human topoisomerase I functions in relation to drug resistance and DNA repair mechanisms

La résistance acquise aux traitements anticancéreux représente un problème clinique majeur. Les voies de réparation de l'ADN fournissent un mécanisme de résistance, mais celle-ci peut aussi résulter de mutations ou d'une expression réduite de la protéine ciblée. La surexpression ou la localisation nucléaire de la Y-Box binding (YB-1) protéine est considérée comme un marqueur pronostique de chimiorésistance de la tumeur. YB-1 interagit avec plusieurs partenaires ; dans cette étude, nous nous sommes concentrés sur son interaction avec l'enzyme de réparation de l'ADN NTH1 (hNTH1) et l'ADN topoisomérase I (hTopoI), deux enzymes stimulées par YB-1. L'abondance du complexe hNTH1/YB-1 est accrue dans les cellules tumorales résistantes au cisplatine. La TopoI humaine est une enzyme essentielle impliquée dans la régulation cellulaire du surenroulement de l'ADN et est la cible de plusieurs agents anticancéreux. YB-1 augmente la sensibilité à l'inhibiteur de TopoI, la camptothécine, dans les tumeurs. Nous avons caractérisé les complexes YB-1/hNTH1 et YB-1/hTopoI in vitro et in vivo en utilisant des mesures de transfert d'énergie par résonance en fluorescence (ou FRET) pour identifier et développer de nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement de tumeurs chimio-résistantes. Nous avons développé et optimisé un biosenseur original basé sur le FRET pour cribler deux chimiothèques de taille moyenne afin d’identifier des inhibiteurs potentiels du complexe hNTH1/YB-1. Plusieurs «hits» ont été identifiés qui réduisent de façon significative le niveau de FRET de notre biosenseur. Pour certains de ces composés, nous avons reproduit ces résultats à partir de poudres, effectué des courbes dose-réponse et validé leurs actions en tant qu'inhibiteurs de l'interface hNTH1/YB-1 en utilisant d'autres tests d’interactions. Ensemble nos résultats démontrent que YB-1 interagit directement et stimule des enzymes de la réparation de l'ADN et du relaxation de l’ADN, et que cibler l’interface YB-1/hNTH1 représente une nouvelle stratégie intéressante pour le développement de traitements anticancéreux.Acquired resistance to anti-cancer therapy is common and is a major clinical issue. Functional DNA repair pathways provide a common mechanism for drug resistance, but it can also result from mutations or reduced expression of the targeted protein. The overexpression or nuclear localisation of the multifunctional Y-box binding protein (YB-1) is considered as a prognostic marker for drug resistance in tumours. YB-1 has several interaction partners in cells; in this study, we have focused on its interaction with the human DNA repair enzyme NTH1 (hNTH1) and human DNA topoisomerase I (hTopoI), two enzymes that have been shown to be stimulated by YB-1. The abundance of the hNTH1/YB-1 complex was shown to increase in cisplatin-resistant tumour cells. Human TopoI is an essential enzyme involved in cellular regulation of DNA supercoiling and is the target of several anti-cancer agents. YB-1 enhances the activity of hTopoI and its sensitivity to hTopoI inhibitor, camptothecin in tumour cells. We have characterised the YB-1/hNTH1 and YB-1/hTopoI complexes in vitro and in vivo using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements to identify and develop new strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant tumours. We also designed and optimised an original FRET-based biosensor to screen two medium-sized chemical libraries in order to find potential inhibitors of the hNTH1/YB-1 complex. Several “hits” were identified that significantly reduced the FRET level of our biosensor. For some of these compounds, we have reproduced these results starting from powders, have performed dose-response curves and have validated their actions as inhibitors of the hNTH1/YB-1 interface using alternative binding assays. Taken together, our results demonstrate that YB-1 directly interacts and stimulates a DNA repair and a DNA relaxing enzyme and targeting the YB-1/hNTH1 interface represents an interesting new strategy for the development of anti-cancer drugs

Etudes des fonctions du facteur de transcription YB-1, de l'ADN glycosylase hNTH1 et de la topoisomerase humaine I dans le contexte de la résistance aux drogues et en relation avec les voies de réparation de l'ADN

Acquired resistance to anti-cancer therapy is common and is a major clinical issue. Functional DNA repair pathways provide a common mechanism for drug resistance, but it can also result from mutations or reduced expression of the targeted protein. The overexpression or nuclear localisation of the multifunctional Y-box binding protein (YB-1) is considered as a prognostic marker for drug resistance in tumours. YB-1 has several interaction partners in cells; in this study, we have focused on its interaction with the human DNA repair enzyme NTH1 (hNTH1) and human DNA topoisomerase I (hTopoI), two enzymes that have been shown to be stimulated by YB-1. The abundance of the hNTH1/YB-1 complex was shown to increase in cisplatin-resistant tumour cells. Human TopoI is an essential enzyme involved in cellular regulation of DNA supercoiling and is the target of several anti-cancer agents. YB-1 enhances the activity of hTopoI and its sensitivity to hTopoI inhibitor, camptothecin in tumour cells. We have characterised the YB-1/hNTH1 and YB-1/hTopoI complexes in vitro and in vivo using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements to identify and develop new strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant tumours. We also designed and optimised an original FRET-based biosensor to screen two medium-sized chemical libraries in order to find potential inhibitors of the hNTH1/YB-1 complex. Several “hits” were identified that significantly reduced the FRET level of our biosensor. For some of these compounds, we have reproduced these results starting from powders, have performed dose-response curves and have validated their actions as inhibitors of the hNTH1/YB-1 interface using alternative binding assays. Taken together, our results demonstrate that YB-1 directly interacts and stimulates a DNA repair and a DNA relaxing enzyme and targeting the YB-1/hNTH1 interface represents an interesting new strategy for the development of anti-cancer drugs.La résistance acquise aux traitements anticancéreux représente un problème clinique majeur. Les voies de réparation de l'ADN fournissent un mécanisme de résistance, mais celle-ci peut aussi résulter de mutations ou d'une expression réduite de la protéine ciblée. La surexpression ou la localisation nucléaire de la Y-Box binding (YB-1) protéine est considérée comme un marqueur pronostique de chimiorésistance de la tumeur. YB-1 interagit avec plusieurs partenaires ; dans cette étude, nous nous sommes concentrés sur son interaction avec l'enzyme de réparation de l'ADN NTH1 (hNTH1) et l'ADN topoisomérase I (hTopoI), deux enzymes stimulées par YB-1. L'abondance du complexe hNTH1/YB-1 est accrue dans les cellules tumorales résistantes au cisplatine. La TopoI humaine est une enzyme essentielle impliquée dans la régulation cellulaire du surenroulement de l'ADN et est la cible de plusieurs agents anticancéreux. YB-1 augmente la sensibilité à l'inhibiteur de TopoI, la camptothécine, dans les tumeurs. Nous avons caractérisé les complexes YB-1/hNTH1 et YB-1/hTopoI in vitro et in vivo en utilisant des mesures de transfert d'énergie par résonance en fluorescence (ou FRET) pour identifier et développer de nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement de tumeurs chimio-résistantes. Nous avons développé et optimisé un biosenseur original basé sur le FRET pour cribler deux chimiothèques de taille moyenne afin d’identifier des inhibiteurs potentiels du complexe hNTH1/YB-1. Plusieurs «hits» ont été identifiés qui réduisent de façon significative le niveau de FRET de notre biosenseur. Pour certains de ces composés, nous avons reproduit ces résultats à partir de poudres, effectué des courbes dose-réponse et validé leurs actions en tant qu'inhibiteurs de l'interface hNTH1/YB-1 en utilisant d'autres tests d’interactions. Ensemble nos résultats démontrent que YB-1 interagit directement et stimule des enzymes de la réparation de l'ADN et du relaxation de l’ADN, et que cibler l’interface YB-1/hNTH1 représente une nouvelle stratégie intéressante pour le développement de traitements anticancéreux

Mannich Base Derivatives as the Potential Candidates of Human Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

WOS: 000349456200004Mannich bases are pharmacologically important molecules having wide range of bioactivities. We previously synthesized and characterized a number of Mannich base derivatives of planar polycyclic/heterocyclic starting materials of which four of them [MB1 (3-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one hydrochloride), MB2 (3-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrochloride), MB3 (3-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-(phenanthren-3-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride) and MB4(3-morpholino-1-(pyren-1-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride)] manifested anti-proliferative effects in three cancer cell lines (PC3, HeLa, and MCF7) and one non-tumoral cell line (293 HEK). Because several reports covering anti-proliferation address DNA topoisomerases as the cellular targets, we undertook further assays using these four compounds with type I and type II topoisomerases to identify if their effects were mediated through topoisomerase reactions. Our results indicated that the three of these compounds (MB2, MB3 and MB4) target topoisomerase II without affecting type I topoisomerase. However, targeting type II enzyme did not generate considerable strand breaks, which in turn places the compounds MB2, MB3 and MB4 in potential topoisomerase II inhibitors, not poisons.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110S082, 112S492]This study was supported by the TUBITAK grants 110S082 (EE) and 112S492 (ZT)

Focus on DNA Glycosylases—A Set of Tightly Regulated Enzymes with a High Potential as Anticancer Drug Targets

International audienceCancer is the second leading cause of death with tens of millions of people diagnosed with cancer every year around the world. Most radio- and chemotherapies aim to eliminate cancer cells, notably by causing severe damage to the DNA. However, efficient repair of such damage represents a common mechanism of resistance to initially effective cytotoxic agents. Thus, development of new generation anticancer drugs that target DNA repair pathways, and more particularly the base excision repair (BER) pathway that is responsible for removal of damaged bases, is of growing interest. The BER pathway is initiated by a set of enzymes known as DNA glycosylases. Unlike several downstream BER enzymes, DNA glycosylases have so far received little attention and the development of specific inhibitors of these enzymes has been lagging. Yet, dysregulation of DNA glycosylases is also known to play a central role in numerous cancers and at different stages of the disease, and thus inhibiting DNA glycosylases is now considered a valid strategy to eliminate cancer cells. This review provides a detailed overview of the activities of DNA glycosylases in normal and cancer cells, their modes of regulation, and their potential as anticancer drug targets

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Based Biosensor for Targeting the hNTH1–YB1 Interface as a Potential Anticancer Drug Target

International audienceThe Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) is an established metastatic marker: high expression and nuclear localization of YB1 correlate with tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance and poor patient survival in various tumors. In the nucleus, YB1 interacts with and regulates the activities of several nuclear proteins, including the DNA glycosylase, human Endonuclease III (hNTH1). In the present study, we used Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and AlphaLISA technologies to further characterize this interaction and define the minimal regions of hNTH1 and YB1 required for complex formation. This work led us to design an original and cost-effective FRET-based biosensor for the rapid in vitro high-throughput screening for potential inhibitors of the hNTH1-YB1 complex. Two pilot screens were carried out allowing the selection of several promising compounds exhibiting IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Interestingly, two of these compounds bind to YB1 and sensitize drug-resistant breast tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the hNTH1-YB1 interface is a druggable target for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. Moreover, beyond this study, the simple design of our biosensor defines an innovative and efficient strategy for the screening of inhibitors of therapeutically relevant protein-protein interfaces

Che1/AATF interacts with subunits of the histone acetyltransferase core module of SAGA complexes

WOS: 000417698200025PubMed ID: 29232376General Control Non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) and Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 2 and 3 proteins (ADA2 and ADA3, respectively) are subunits of the Histone AcetylTransferase (HAT) module of SAGA-and ATAC-type co-activators. We previously reported four new interacting partners of human ADA3 identified by screening a human fetal brain cDNA library using yeast two hybrid technology. One of these partners was Apoptosis-Antagonizing Transcription Factor (AATF), also known as Che-1, an RNA polymerase II-binding protein with a number of roles in different cellular processes including regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cell cycle control, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. Che-1/AATF is a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatments. In this study, we aimed to identify whether besides ADA3, other components of the HAT modules of SAGA and ATAC complexes, human ADA2 and GCN5 also interact with Che-1/AATF. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments were used to demonstrate association of AATF both with two ADA2 isoforms, ADA2A and ADA2B and with GCN5 proteins in human cells and yeast two-hybrid assays to delineate domains in the ADA2 and GCN5 proteins required for these interactions. These findings provide new insights into the pathways regulated by ADA-containing protein complexes.Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Assembly [112T429]; Hungarian NRDIO [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00020]This work was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Assembly (112T429) (Dr. Sevil Zencir), and Hungarian NRDIO-GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00020 (Prof Imre M. Boros). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

The sequences of the primers used in the amplification of corresponding genes.

<p>The sequences of the primers used in the amplification of corresponding genes.</p

Co-localizations of ADA2A, ADA2B, GCN5 with AATF protein in HEK293 cells.

<p>Intracellular co-localization of CFP-conjugated ADA2A (A), ADA2B (B), GCN5 (C), empty vector expressing CFP alone (D) and YFP-conjugated AATF proteins (middle column). Yellow color in the merged image (last column) indicates co-localization. Live cell images were captured by confocal microscopy and pseudo-coloured red (CFP) and green (YFP). Insets show single transfections. Upper right corners of nuclei are marked with a curved line. The last column shows merged images. Scale bar is 5 μm.</p

Effect of co-expression of ADA2A, ADA2B, GCN5 with AATF on the expression of an MDM2 promoter-luciferase reporter gene.

<p>U2OS cells were transfected with a reporter plasmid encoding a luciferase gene under the control of the MDM2 promoter or co-transfected with the reporter plasmid and plasmids expressing ADA2A, ADA2B, GCN5 with AATF protein partner as indicated. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Results represent the average ± SD from three independent assays. Co-expression of AATF with ADA2A, ADA2B or GCN5, significantly reduced the activation imparted by AATF on MDM2 promoter-directed transcription (<i>p</i> <0.01).</p