4,152 research outputs found

    Global existence of solutions for the relativistic Boltzmann equation with arbitrarily large initial data on a Bianchi type I space-time

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    We prove, for the relativistic Boltzmann equation on a Bianchi type I space-time, a global existence and uniqueness theorem, for arbitrarily large initial data.Comment: 17 page

    CV3 SWITCHING, AUGMENTATION AND TITRATION OF LIPID LOWERING AGENTS OF MEDICARE/MEDICAID DUAL ELIGIBLE PATIENTS BY ETHNICITY

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    Remote participation during glycosylation reactions of galactose building blocks: Direct evidence from cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy

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    The stereoselective formation of 1,2‐cis‐glycosidic bonds is challenging. However, 1,2‐cis‐selectivity can be induced by remote participation of C4 or C6 ester groups. Reactions involving remote participation are believed to proceed via a key ionic intermediate, the glycosyl cation. Although mechanistic pathways were postulated many years ago, the structure of the reaction intermediates remained elusive owing to their short‐lived nature. Herein, we unravel the structure of glycosyl cations involved in remote participation reactions via cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy and first principles theory. Acetyl groups at C4 ensure α‐selective galactosylations by forming a covalent bond to the anomeric carbon in dioxolenium‐type ions. Unexpectedly, also benzyl ether protecting groups can engage in remote participation and promote the stereoselective formation of 1,2‐cis‐glycosidic bonds

    Energy solutions to one-dimensional singular parabolic problems with BVBV data are viscosity solutions

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    We study one-dimensional very singular parabolic equations with periodic boundary conditions and initial data in BVBV, which is the energy space. We show existence of solutions in this energy space and then we prove that they are viscosity solutions in the sense of Giga-Giga.Comment: 15 page

    Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks

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    Network science is an interdisciplinary endeavor, with methods and applications drawn from across the natural, social, and information sciences. A prominent problem in network science is the algorithmic detection of tightly-connected groups of nodes known as communities. We developed a generalized framework of network quality functions that allowed us to study the community structure of arbitrary multislice networks, which are combinations of individual networks coupled through links that connect each node in one network slice to itself in other slices. This framework allows one to study community structure in a very general setting encompassing networks that evolve over time, have multiple types of links (multiplexity), and have multiple scales.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Includes main text and supporting material. This is the accepted version of the manuscript (the definitive version appeared in Science), with typographical corrections included her

    A caricature of a singular curvature flow in the plane

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    We study a singular parabolic equation of the total variation type in one dimension. The problem is a simplification of the singular curvature flow. We show existence and uniqueness of weak solutions. We also prove existence of weak solutions to the semi-discretization of the problem as well as convergence of the approximating sequences. The semi-discretization shows that facets must form. For a class of initial data we are able to study in details the facet formation and interactions and their asymptotic behavior. We notice that our qualitative results may be interpreted with the help of a special composition of multivalued operators

    16 Eskalowane hiperfrakcjonowanie w radioterapii nowotworów regionu głowy i szyi – 5-letnie wyniki leczenia

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    Cel pracyOcena 5-letnich wyników leczenia nowotworów regionu głowy i szyi w aspekcie wyleczalności miejscowej i późnych powikłań popromiennych.Materiał i metodykaW latach 1988–1992 w Centrum Onkologii-Instytucie w Gliwicach leczono promieniami wg systemu eskalowanego Hiperfrakconowania 48 chorych na płaskonabtonkowego raka jamy ustnej (34 pts), garłta środkowego (11 pts) i krtani (3 pts). U 4 chorych kliniczne zaàwansowanie raka ocenionego jako stopień T1, u 27 na T2 i u 2 na T4; u czterechnie moźna było określićc zaawansowania – TX.U wszystkich chorych radioterapia była jedynym leczeniem, a jego technika polegała na napromienianiu dwóch pól boznych na przeciwległych. W pierwszym etapie chorzy otrzymywali dawkę 32 Gy w 20 frakcjach po 1,6 Gy (2×1,6 Gy/ tydzień), wyłąctczają soboty i niedziele. Eskalacja dawki – co drugi dzień leczenia o 0,2 Gy/dzień – następowała po planowanej przerwie (po dawce 32 Gy). Dawka całkowita mieściła się w zakresie 62,2 – 74 Gy.WynikiPomimo stosunkowo wysokiego odsetka całkowitych regresji zanotowanych bezpośrednio po zakończeniu leczenia (75%), 5-letnia wyleczalnoąć miejscowa w całej grupie pacjentów wyniosła 58% i w zależności od stopnia zawansowania przedstawia się następująco: 100% dla T1 i TX, 55% dla T2, 45% dla T3 i 0% dla T4. Przebieg ostrego odczynu popromiennego był u większości chorych znacznie bardziej nasilony w porównaniu do typowego odczynu występujątcego przy konwencjonalnym napromienianiu. U wszystkich pacjentów wystątPiło rozlane popromienne zapalenie błony śluzowej, a jego przebieg w zwiątzku z obecnościąt przerwy był dwufazowy.WnioskiZastosowanie eskalowanego hiperfrakcjonowania w radioterapii nowotworów regionu głowy i szyi nie przyniosło poprawy wyników leczenia w porównaniu do konwencjonalnych schematów napromieniania.Możliwe przyczyny takiego wyniku to: dłuzsza niż zaplanowana przerwa pomiędzy dwoma etapami leczenia, jej umiejscowienie (w 13 dniu od rozpoczęcia radioterapii), ryzyko błędu geograficznego w drugiej (eskalowanej) części leczenia

    Spectroscopy of Small and Large Biomolecular Ions in Helium-Nanodroplets

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    A vast number of experiments have now shown that helium nanodroplets are an exemplary cryogenic matrix for spectroscopic investigations. The experimental techniques are well established and involve in most cases the pickup of evaporated neutral species by helium droplets. These techniques have been extended within our research group to enable nanodroplet pickup of anions or cations stored in an ion trap. By using electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with modern mass spec- trometric methods to supply ions to the trap, an immense variety of mass-to-charge selected species can be doped into the droplets and spectroscopically investigated. We have combined this droplet doping methodology with IR action spectroscopy to investigate anions and cations ranging in size from a few atoms to proteins that consist of thousands of atoms. Herein, we show examples of small complexes of fluoride anions (F-) with CO2 and H2O and carbohydrate molecules. In the case of the small complexes, novel compounds could be identified, and quantum chemistry can in some instances quantitatively explain the results. For biologically relevant complex carbohydrate molecules, the IR spectra are highly diagnostic and allow the differentiation of species that would be difficult or impossible to identify by more conventional methods
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