Unemployment duration, unemployment benefits and recalls

We use administrative micro-data to investigate exits from unemployment of benefit recipients in Spain. Because the data allow us to distinguish between transitions to a new job and recall to the same employer, we apply a competing risks model with observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We are also able to control for the type of benefit received by the worker: insurance benefit or assistance benefit. We find significant differences between the new job hazard and the recall hazard. Both hazard rates increase around the time that insurance benefit elapses. We also find that when larger firms recall unemployed workers they tend to do so faster than smaller firms. In general, our results are consistent with predictions derived from search and implicit contract models. They highlight the importance of taking into account the possibility of recall in the analysis of unemployment duration among unemployment benefit recipients

UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND RECALLS

We use administrative micro-data to investigate exits from unemployment of benefit recipients in Spain. Because the data allow us to distinguish between transitions to a new job and recall to the same employer, we apply a competing risks model with observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We are also able to control for the type of benefit received by the worker: insurance benefit or assistance benefit. We find significant differences between the new job hazard and the recall hazard. Both hazard rates increase around the time that insurance benefit elapses. We also find that when larger firms recall unemployed workers they tend to do so faster than smaller firms. In general, our results are consistent with predictions derived from search and implicit contract models. They highlight the importance of taking into account the possibility of recall in the analysis of unemployment duration among unemployment benefit recipients.

Exits from unemployment : recall or new job

This paper studies transitions out of unemployment in Spain distinguishing between recall to the same employer and reemployment in a new job. We use a large sample of newly unemployed workers obtained from Social Security records for Spain. These data contain information about each individual's employer identy before and after the unemployment spell. A discrete-time duration model with competing risks of exits serves us to investigate the factors that influence the probabilities of leaving unemployment to return to the same employer or to find a new job with a different employer. We find that the route to exit unemployment is determinant to understand the influence of individual an job characteristics on the hazard rate, as well as the latter dependence on unemployment duration. The recall hazard rate exhibits positive duration dependence during the first months and negative duration dependence thereafter (it is larger for females), while the new-job hazard presents positive duration dependence (it is larger for males

Re-employment probabilities of unemployment benefit recipients

This article studies transitions out of unemployment for benefit recipients in Spain. We analyse the duration of unemployment, distinguishing between spells that end in recall (workers returning to the previous employer) and spells that end in exit to a new job. This distinction allows us to find that the recall hazard rate increases around the time of exhaustion of benefits. However, this happens only for workers receiving Unemployment Insurance (UI). Because we are unable to replicate this result for workers receiving Unemployment Assistance (UA), we believe the finding lends support to the hypothesis that in Spain firms and workers make a strategic use of UIPublicad

Evaluating genetic algorithms through the approximability hierarchy

Optimization problems frequently appear in any scientific domain. Most of the times, the corresponding decision problem turns out to be NP-hard, and in these cases genetic algorithms are often used to obtain approximated solutions. However, the difficulty to approximate different NP-hard problems can vary a lot. In this paper, we analyze the usefulness of using genetic algorithms depending on the approximation class the problem belongs to. In particular, we use the standard approximability hierarchy, showing that genetic algorithms are especially useful for the most pessimistic classes of the hierarchy

Aquifers with variable density flow as lithospheric isostatic movement analogues

La extracción de agua subterránea en un acuífero de densidad variable provoca desequilibrios en la distribución de su carga hidrostática. Cuando se extrae agua dulce, este desequilibrio tiende a compensarse con el ascenso de agua salada “upconing”. Por otra parte, cuando lo que se extrae es agua salada, se produce un aumento en la salinidad bajo el pozo de extracción, un notable descenso en las inmediaciones de este y un ligero ascenso a cierta distancia. Todas estas variaciones en la densidad del agua subterránea, como consecuencia del bombeo, se asemejan a la disposición de las masas litosféricas en regiones con desequilibrios isostáticos. Esta analogía acuífero-litosfera puede ser utilizada para recrear la evolución de una determinada región mediante una distribución estratégica de los sondeos de extracciónThe extraction of groundwater in a variable density aquifer causes instability in the distribution of its hydrostatic load. When freshwater is extracted, this imbalance tends to compensate with the rise of saltwater “upconing”. On the other hand, when saltwater is extracted, there is an increase in salinity under the extraction well, a notable decrease in the vicinity of the well and a slight rise at a certain distance. All these variations in the density of groundwater, as a consequence of pumping, resemble the arrangement of lithospheric masses in regions with isostatic imbalances. This aquifer-lithosphere analogy can be used to recreate the evolution of a certain region through a strategic distribution of the pumping well

Toxocariosis: From a One Health Perspective

Toxocariosis is a neglected zoonotic infection caused by the nematodes Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The distribution of the disease is worldwide and mainly affects dogs and cats, and its larval stage can cause human infection with serious repercussions on the health of its hosts. The infection causes a delay in the development, digestive disorders, nonspecific nervous manifestations, and occasionally death of some puppies and kittens associated with hyperparasitosis. In humans, the infection produces clinical syndromes known as visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans (OLM), neurotoxocariosis and covert toxocariosis. The close contact of people with their pets and the environmental conditions that favor the transmission of this diseased place it within the context of one health. The One Health concept is defined as the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines (medical personnel, veterinarians, researchers, etc.) that work locally, nationally, and globally to achieve optimal health for people, animals, and the environment, from this perspective, toxocariosis is a study model in which classic and recent knowledge of the medical and veterinary area must be combined for its full understanding, with a goal of establishing integrative criteria for its treatment, control, and prevention

Efecto ``smart-money´´ entre los inversores de fondos de inversión de renta variable nacional españoles

En este trabajo fin de grado se han analizado las habilidades de selección de los inversores (smart-money effect) en fondos de renta variable nacional domiciliados en España en el periodo 2014-2017. En total se han considerado 131 fondos de inversión. Como metodología de análisis se ha utilizado la aproximación propuesta por Zheng (1999), consistente en comparar la performance financiera de distintas carteras de fondos, formadas a partir del comportamiento de sus flujos de dinero. Como medidas del resultado financiero se han considerado la rentabilidad mensual media obtenida por esas carteras, así como, medidas clásicas de performance financiera que incorporan el riesgo. Más concretamente, se han aplicado el ratio de Sharpe, el ratio de Treynor y el alfa de Jensen. Los resultados obtenidos son mixtos. De este modo, a partir de las carteras equiponderadas se observa que los inversores españoles no mejoran sus resultados financieros con sus decisiones de selección de fondos. Sin embargo, cuando atendemos a los resultados de las carteras ponderadas por el volumen del flujo de dinero experimentado por cada fondo, sí que se observa evidencia empírica de smart-money effect.<br /

Superior fruit total soluble solid content of red x pink F1 hybrids over nearly-isogenic parental lines

Comunicación realizada en el congresoPink-coloured tomatoes are reputed as good flavoured and are very popular in local markets. Pink tomatoes show a transparent, colourless fruit cuticle in contrast to the naringenin-chalcone flavonoid-rich, orange-yellow cuticle of normal, red tomatoes due to the y (colourless epidermis) recessive mutation in MYB12 gene located in chromosome 1. In order to investigate the basis of the alleged higher quality of pink vs. red tomatoes and, especially, our previous observations of good flavour in hybrids between red and pink tomato varieties, two red x pink F1 crosses between pairs of tomato near-isogenic lines were obtained, namely ‘Ailsa Craig’ wt/wt x ‘Ailsa Craig’ y/y and ‘Ponderosa Red’ wt/wt x ‘Ponderosa Red’ y/y, being the latter a pink tomato line in which y allele was introgressed from its closely related ‘Ponderosa Pink’ cultivar. The parental lines and the two F1 hybrids were grown to harvest in a greenhouse and total soluble solids (°Brix) and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in red ripe fruits. While no differences for °Brix were observed between the parents of each cross, significantly higher °Brix was measured in the two red x pink F1’s compared to their corresponding parental lines. No clear differences between parental lines and F1 crosses were shown for TA. The experiment was repeated but including also the pink x red, reciprocal F1 crosses. The overdominance for °Brix but not for TA was confirmed in the red x pink hybrids while the pink x red hybrids produced °Brix values similar to those of their parents.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Asociación de los alelos BoLA-DRB3 y TLR4 con mastitis subclínica en vacas de Colombia

ABSTRACT: molecular markers for genetic resistance can be used to control mastitis in dairy cattle. The Major Histocompatibility Complex and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are two promising genes that warrant investigation. Objective: to identify associations between genotypes of BoLA-DRB3 locus and T4CRBR2 fragment and subclinical mastitis (SM). Methods: 996 lactating cows from 32 herds comprising Holstein (80%), Holstein x Jersey cross (12.5%), and other crosses (7.5%) were evaluated monthly during two years, diagnosed for SM and genotyped for the second exon of BoLA DRB3 and the TLR4 coreceptor-binding region 2 (T4CRBR2) using a Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The association between candidate alleles and subclinical mastitis was measured by logistic regression. Results: the most frequently observed alleles for BoLA-DRB3 were DRB3.2 *8, *22, *24, *16, *10, *23, *gba, *11, *2, *mbb, *jba, *3, and *15, accounting for 58.9% of the population. Frequencies for T4CRBR2 alleles A and B were 0.352 and 0.647, respectively. Based on 57,408 observations during the period, the mean SM prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 13.0 and 19.4) per udder quarter and 37.6% (95% CI 32.1 and 43.2) per cow. The predominant microorganisms isolated from SM quarters were Streptococcus agalactiae and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS). Allele DRB3.2 *23 was associated with SM occurrence and CNS infection. No alleles were associated with Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Allele *mbb was associated with occurrence of CNS infection and alleles *jba and *15 were associated with resistance to CNS infection. No significant relationship between T4CRBR2 and SM was observed. Conclusion: DRB3.2 gen may play an important role in the occurrence of SM and certain alleles may confer resistance to specific pathogens.RESUMEN: los marcadores moleculares genéticos de resistencia para mastitis bovina son una herramienta para el control de la enfermedad en rebaños lecheros. Los genes del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad y el Receptor tipo Toll 4 (TLR4) son dos genes candidatos promisorios que justifica investigar. Objetivo: identificar asociaciones entre los genotipos del locus BoLA-DRB3 y del fragmento T4CRBR2 con la ocurrencia de mastitis subclínica. Métodos: 996 vacas lactantes de 32 hatos de las razas Holstein (80%), Holstein x Jersey (12,5%) y otros cruces (7,5%), fueron visitadas mensualmente por dos años, diagnosticadas para mastitis subclínica y genotipificadas para el segundo exón del DRB3 y para la región 2 de unión al correceptor del TLR4 (T4CRBR2) por medio de las técnicas de Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y de Longitud del polimorfismo del fragmento de restricción (PCR-RFLP). La asociación entre los alelos candidatos y la mastitis subclínica se midió por regresión logística. Resultados: los alelos más frecuentes para el DRB3.2 fueron *8, *22, *24, *16, *10, *23, *gba, *11, *2, *mbb, *jba, *3 y *15, que suman el 58,9% del total en la población. Las frecuencias para los alelos A y B del T4CRBR2 fueron de 0,352 y 0,647, respectivamente. Basados en 57.408 observaciones, la prevalencia de MS a nivel de cuarto fue 16,2% (95% IC 13,0 y 19,4) y a nivel de vaca fue de 37,6% (95% IC 32,1 y 43,2). Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Streptococcus agalactiae y Estafilococo Coagulasa Negativo (ECN). El alelo DRB3.2 *23 fue el más asociado con la ocurrencia de MS y con la infección por ECN. No se hallaron alelos asociados a infección con mastitis por Streptococcus agalactiae. Con respecto a la infección por ECN, el *mbb se asoció con la ocurrencia y los alelos *jba y *15 se asociaron con resistencia. No se observó asociación entre T4CRBR2 y MS. Conclusión: el gen DRB3.2 puede jugar un papel importante en la presencia de MS y ciertos alelos pueden conferir resistencia a patógenos específicos