ENFERMERÍA Y EL PACIENTE EN SITUACIÓN TERMINAL

The fact of death, non-life, has been in all societies, for all groups and all individuals a situation that has been faced in many different ways. In general, despite the fact that death is a part, a phenomenon of existence, there is a rejection of it, by people who are close to the situation of death. This article presents a reflection of the terminal process, its features, phases, and influence over activities such as DUE etc. The aim of this paper is not to show assumptions, nor to establish absolute indisputable truths, because the topic lends itself to an endless debate in which the conclusions are always personal. What we want is to invite reflection, personal or group counseling to foster positive attitudes in nursing care for the terminally ill patients. These attitudes will translate into better quality of care. We end with a series of practical recommendations that, by changing attitudes, we should improve care provided to terminally ill patients in order to increase their quality of life.El hecho de la muerte, de la no vida, ha sido en todas las sociedades, para todos los grupos humanos y para todos los individuos una situación que se ha afrontado de muy diversas formas. En general, a pesar de que la muerte es una parte, un fenómeno de la propia existencia, existe un rechazo hacia ella, hacia las personas que se hallan cercanas a la situación de muerte. En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre el proceso terminal, sus características, fases, influencia de nuestras actividades como D. U. E., etc. El objetivo de este artículo no es demostrar unas hipótesis, tampoco lo es establecer verdades absolutas e indiscutibles, ya que el tema se presta a un interminable debate donde siempre las conclusiones serán personales. Lo que pretendemos es invitar a la reflexión, personal o en grupo, para fomentar actitudes positivas en los profesionales de Enfermería de cara al cuidado de enfermos terminales. Estas actitudes se traducirán en una mejor calidad de la asistencia. Terminamos finalmente con una serie de recomendaciones prácticas para que, por medio del cambio de actitudes, mejoremos la asistencia prestada a pacientes terminales, en orden a un aumento en su calidad de vida

Una alternativa poco habitual: la vía intraosea

After an intensive literature review, we seek here to implement a recommendation guide when using this route. There is a discussion of the indications and contraindications of the route and insertion techniques and of the key anatomical regions affected.We should note that this is an emergency vascular access for infusion of drugs and fluids, so we will define the specific indications and who is responsible for its implementation and offer a description of the technique in all its steps.The theoretical basis of using this approach is based on the fact that the long bone marrow cavity is occupied by a rich network of sinusoids which drain the large central venous sinus and allowed these drugs and fluids to pass into the general circulation with a speed similar to that at which they would pass to any other peripheral vein. It is a little-known route of choice by the health staff, but very useful in patients with difficult venous access due to circulatory collapse of pathological or traumatic origin. The article therefore seeks to facilitate its use for all concerned.En el presente artículo, tras una intensa revisión bibliográfica, intentaremos implantar una guía de recomendaciones a la hora de utilizar esta vía, para ello expondremos las principales indicaciones y contraindicaciones de la citada vía, así como las técnicas de inserción y principales regiones anatómicas afectas.Debemos tener en cuenta que se trata de un acceso vascular de urgencia para la infusión de fármacos y líquidos, por lo que vamos a delimitar sus indicaciones concretas y a quien corresponde su aplicación, así como la descripción de la técnica en todos sus pasos.La base teórica del uso de esta vía está basada en que la cavidad medular de huesos largos está ocupada por una rica red de capilares sinusoides que drenan al gran seno venoso central y que permite pasar dichos fármacos y líquidos a la circulación general con una rapidez similar a como lo harían por cualquier otra vena periférica.Se trata de una vía de elección poco conocida por el personal sanitario, pero de gran utilidad en pacientes con difícil acceso venoso por colapso circulatorio de origen patológico o traumático, por lo que tras la elaboración de este artículo pretendemos que a todos nos sea un poco más fácil su uso

Microspore embryogenesis: assignment of genes to embryo formation and green vs. albino plant production

Plant microspores can be reprogrammed from their normal pollen development to an embryogenic route in a process termed microspore embryogenesis or androgenesis. Stress treatment has a critical role in this process, inducing the dedifferentiation of microspores and conditioning the following androgenic response. In this study, we have used three barley doubled haploid lines with similar genetic background but different androgenic response. The Barley1 GeneChip was used for transcriptome comparison of these lines after mannitol stress treatment, allowing the identification of 213 differentially expressed genes. Most of these genes belong to the functional categories “cell rescue, defense, and virulence”; “metabolism”; “transcription”; and “transport”. These genes were grouped into clusters according to their expression profiles among lines. A principal component analysis allowed us to associate specific gene expression clusters to phenotypic variables. Genes associated with the ability of microspores to divide and form embryos were mainly involved in changes in the structure and function of membranes, efficient use of available energy sources, and cell fate. Genes related to stress response, transcription and translation regulation, and degradation of pollen-specific proteins were associated with green plant production, while expression of genes related to plastid development was associated with albino plant regeneration

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Nursing care for the terminally ill patients.

El hecho de la muerte, de la no vida, ha sido en todas las sociedades, para todos los grupos humanos y para todos los individuos una situación que se ha afrontado de muy diversas formas. En general, a pesar de que la muerte es una parte, un fenómeno de la propia existencia, existe un rechazo hacia ella, hacia las personas que se hallan cercanas a la situación de muerte. En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre el proceso terminal, sus características, fases, influencia de nuestras actividades como D. U. E., etc. El objetivo de este artículo no es demostrar unas hipótesis, tampoco lo es establecer verdades absolutas e indiscutibles, ya que el tema se presta a un interminable debate donde siempre las conclusiones serán personales. Lo que pretendemos es invitar a la reflexión, personal o en grupo, para fomentar actitudes positivas en los profesionales de Enfermería de cara al cuidado de enfermos terminales. Estas actitudes se traducirán en una mejor calidad de la asistencia. Terminamos finalmente con una serie de recomendaciones prácticas para que, por medio del cambio de actitudes, mejoremos la asistencia prestada a pacientes terminales, en orden a un aumento en su calidad de vida.ABSTRACT The fact of death, non-life, has been in all societies, for all groups and all individuals a situation that has been faced in many different ways. In general, despite the fact that death is a part, a phenomenon of existence, there is a rejection of it, by people who are close to the situation of death. This article presents a reflection of the terminal process, its features, phases, and influence over activities such as DUE etc. The aim of this paper is not to show assumptions, nor to establish absolute indisputable truths, because the topic lends itself to an endless debate in which the conclusions are always personal. What we want is to invite reflection, personal or group counseling to foster positive attitudes in nursing care for the terminally ill patients. These attitudes will translate into better quality of care. We end with a series of practical recommendations that, by changing attitudes, we should improve care provided to terminally ill patients in order to increase their quality of life

An unusual alternative: the intraosseous route

En el presente artículo, tras una intensa revisión bibliográfica, intentaremos implantar una guía de recomendaciones a la hora de utilizar esta vía, para ello expondremos las principales indicaciones y contraindicaciones de la citada vía, así como las técnicas de inserción y principales regiones anatómicas afectas. Debemos tener en cuenta que se trata de un acceso vascular de urgencia para la infusión de fármacos y líquidos, por lo que vamos a delimitar sus indicaciones concretas y a quien corresponde su aplicación, así como la descripción de la técnica en todos sus pasos. La base teórica del uso de esta vía está basada en que la cavidad medular de huesos largos está ocupada por una rica red de capilares sinusoides que drenan al gran seno venoso central y que permite pasar dichos fármacos y líquidos a la circulación general con una rapidez similar a como lo harían por cualquier otra vena periférica. Se trata de una vía de elección poco conocida por el personal sanitario, pero de gran utilidad en pacientes con difícil acceso venoso por colapso circulatorio de origen patológico o traumático, por lo que tras la elaboración de este artículo pretendemos que a todos nos sea un poco más fácil su uso.ABSTRACT After an intensive literature review, we seek here to implement a recommendation guide when using this route. There is a discussion of the indications and contraindications of the route and insertion techniques and of the key anatomical regions affected. We should note that this is an emergency vascular access for infusion of drugs and fluids, so we will define the specific indications and who is responsible for its implementation and offer a description of the technique in all its steps. The theoretical basis of using this approach is based on the fact that the long bone marrow cavity is occupied by a rich network of sinusoids which drain the large central venous sinus and allowed these drugs and fluids to pass into the general circulation with a speed similar to that at which they would pass to any other peripheral vein. It is a little-known route of choice by the health staff, but very useful in patients with difficult venous access due to circulatory collapse of pathological or traumatic origin. The article therefore seeks to facilitate its use for all concerned

Performance of multi-model AEMET-SREPS precipitation probabilistic forecasts over Mediterranean area

Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) runs a daily experimental multi-model Short-Range Ensemble Prediction System (AEMET-SREPS). The role of the system horizontal resolution (0.25 degrees) on the performance of 24-h precipitation probabilistic forecasts, and its relation with mesoscale events, are assessed comparing the performance over the Mediterranean area and over an European Atlantic area. Gridded high resolution rain observations and standard verification measures have been used at different precipitation thresholds, while studying the dependency on seasons for a one year period (May 2007 to June 2008). As a general result, performance over the Mediterranean area is higher than over the Atlantic one, albeit some relative loss of skill is found in autumn, when mesoscale convective organization is assumed to play a more important role. So it is suggested that AEMET-SREPS system precipitation predictability over the Mediterranean in autumn could be expected to improve if the horizontal and vertical resolution is increased in order to take into account the effect of meso-beta scale, especially important for convective organization

Depth records of Ophidion barbatum (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae) in Western Mediterranean

Depth records of Ophidion barbatum (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae) in western MediterraneanRecord de profondeur de Ophidion barbatum (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae) dans la Méditerranée occidental