Bulos y manipulación informativa sobre nutrición en redes sociales: análisis de dos casos de empleo de técnicas de neuromarketing en torno al azúcar

This article studies persuasive communication and neuromarketing techniques applied to food advertising on social networks. Specifically, an analysis of campaigns related to sugar consumption is carried out. This study aims to explain some predominant factors in the viralization of nutritional hoaxes through the analysis of the cases of: "149 calories of happiness" from Coca-Cola and the cocoa cream campaign of the influencer Carlos Ríos of the Real Fooding movement. According to the theory of change, the methodology used response to techniques such as the Backwards Mapping analysis to assess the social impact. The theoretical foundation uses the cognitive biases of neuromarketing as a reference, following several specialized authors whose methodology is expanded. The observation of the scope of the campaigns analyzed in Social Networks traces the causal relationship between the effect on the public and the impact generated in the established period. The viralization and impact of these campaigns have been measured based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Based on the results obtained, we have verified how the controversy over the information's reliability has affected the campaign's perception, the degree of user satisfaction, and the reputation of the promoters of the products in question.This article studies persuasive communication and neuromarketing techniques applied to food advertising on social networks. Specifically, an analysis of campaigns related to sugar consumption is carried out. This study aims to explain some predominant factors in the viralization of nutritional hoaxes through the analysis of the cases of: "149 calories of happiness" from Coca-Cola and the cocoa cream campaign of the influencer Carlos Ríos of the Real Fooding movement. According to the theory of change, the methodology used response to techniques such as the Backwards Mapping analysis to assess the social impact. The theoretical foundation uses the cognitive biases of neuromarketing as a reference, following several specialized authors whose methodology is expanded. The observation of the scope of the campaigns analyzed in Social Networks traces the causal relationship between the effect on the public and the impact generated in the established period. The viralization and impact of these campaigns have been measured based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Based on the results obtained, we have verified how the controversy over the information's reliability has affected the campaign's perception, the degree of user satisfaction, and the reputation of the promoters of the products in question.Este artículo estudia las técnicas de comunicación persuasiva y neuromarketing aplicadas a publicidad alimentaria en redes sociales. En concreto, se efectúa un análisis de campañas relativas al consumo de azúcar. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explicar algunos factores predominantes en la viralización de bulos nutricionales a través del análisis de los casos de: “149 calorías de felicidad” de Coca-Cola y de la campaña crema de cacao del influencer Carlos Ríos del movimiento Real Fooding. La metodología utilizada responde a técnicas como el análisis Backwards Mapping, según la teoría del cambio, para evaluar el impacto social. La fundamentación teórica utiliza como referencia los sesgos cognitivos del neuromarketing en concordancia con varios autores especializados de los cuales se amplía en la metodología. La observación del alcance de las campañas analizadas en Redes sociales traza la relación causal con respecto al efecto en el público e impacto generado en el periodo establecido. La viralización e impacto de estas campañas se ha medido a partir de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se constata cómo la controversia acerca de la fiabilidad de la información ha afectado la percepción de la campaña, el grado de satisfacción del usuario y la reputación de los promotores de los productos en cuestión

Inter-estuarine and temporal patterns of the fish assemblage of subtropical subestuaries along the Río de la Plata coast (Uruguay)

Fish assemblages in subestuaries have been poorly studied worldwide. In order to evaluate the inter-estuarine and temporal variability of the ichthyofauna of subestuaries along the Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata (RdlP), the Pando, Solís Chico and Solís Grande systems were sampled between 2011 and 2013. Fish biomass, abundance, species richness and diversity indices were analysed, defining fish assemblages characterised by a few species and great abundance. Estuarine resident and freshwater species represented 55.5% of the fish assemblage according to estuarine use guilds. Species occurrence was similar in the three subestuaries, but the relative abundances differed among them. The analysed community parameters showed a decreasing trend from west to east along the Uruguayan coast. Highest diversity and fish abundance were recorded in the Pando system located in the proximities of an important spawning area in the inner RdlP estuary. In the Solís Grande subestuary occurred the lowest species richness and fish abundance. The Solís Chico was characterised as a transitional subsystem. All three subestuaries showed an increase in species richness and abundance during high temperature periods, probably related to the life cycle of the species sharing habitats between the RdlP and the coastal subestuaries. This study constitutes the first step in assessing the fish assemblage patterns in coastal ecosystems of the RdlP and an approach about the ecological role of the subestuaries in the southwest Atlantic Ocean.As assembleias de peixes em subestuários têm sido pouco estudadas no mundo. A fim de avaliar a variabilidade interestuarina e temporal da ictiofauna dos subestuários ao longo da costa uruguaia do Rio da Prata, foram amostrados entre 2011 e 2013 os sistemas Pando, Solís Chico e Solís Grande. A biomassa e abundância de peixes, riqueza de espécies e índices de diversidade foram analisadas, definindo-se que as assembleias de peixes são caracterizadas por apenas algumas espécies e com grande abundância. Espécies residentes estuarinas e de água doce apresentaram 55,5% da assembleia de peixes conforme as guildas de uso do estuário. Embora, a ocorrência de espécies tenha sido semelhante nos três subestuários, a sua abundância relativa foi diferente. Os valores dos parâmetros da comunidade mostraram uma tendência decrescente de oeste para leste ao longo da costa uruguaia. Maior diversidade de peixes e abundância foram registradas no sistema do Pando, localizado nas proximidades de uma importante área de desova no estuário do Rio da Prata interior. No subestuário do Solís Grande foram encontrados menor riqueza e abundância de peixes. Solís Chico foi caracterizado como um subsistema de transição. Os três subestuários mostraram um aumento na riqueza e abundância durante os períodos de temperatura alta, provavelmente relacionada com o ciclo de vida das espécies que compartilham hábitats entre o Rio da Prata e/ou os subestuários costeiros. Este estudo constitui o primeiro passo para avaliar os padrões de peixes no ecossistema costeiro do Rio da Prata e uma abordagem sobre o papel ecológico do subestuários no sudoeste do Oceano Atlântico

Poly(hexamethylene terephthalate-co-caprolactone) copolyesters by ring opening polymeriztation: influence of the oligoterephthalate cycle size

Postprint (published version

Composição, abundância e biomasa sazonal da assembleia de peixes no subestuário do Solís Chico (Estuário do Río de la Plata, Uruguay)

The large estuaries can present long narrow branches called subestuaries or tidal creeks. These types of subsystems are distributed along the Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata estuary and are very important as nursery and refuge areas for fish. For the first time, the seasonal composition and abundance of the fish community of the Solís Chico subestuary was studied by using beach and gill nets. Fourteen species, mainly euryhaline (86%) presented a significant representation of juvenile stages. The fish community was dominated by Odontesthes argentinensis, Platanichthys platana, Mugil liza, Brevoortia aurea, Micropogonias furnieri and Paralichthys orbignyanus, similar to adjacent subestuaries. While Micropogonias furnieri and B. aurea were the most abundant species, some other species were rarely caught. A seasonal variation of the fish assemblage abundance was detected, with higher values in autumn showing a positive correlation with temperature. Species that complete their life cycle in the Río de la Plata estuary, some of which are relevant to fisheries (64% of the analyzed species) were captured in the Solís Chico subestuary. The importance of this environment as a transitional system for some estuarine fish species is advised

Trade in the balance: reconciling trade and climate policy: report of the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy

This repository item contains a report published by the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy at The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University, and the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.This report outlines the general tensions between the trade and investment regime and climate policy, and outlines a framework toward making trade and investment rules more climate friendly. Members of the working group have contributed short pieces addressing a range of issues related to the intersection of trade and climate policy. The first two are by natural scientists. Anthony Janetos discusses the need to address the effects of international trade on efforts to limit the increase in global annual temperature to no more than 2oC over preindustrial levels. James J. Corbett examines the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to adequately address the environmental implications of shipping and maritime transport. The next two pieces are by economists who examine economic aspects of the trade-climate linkage. Irene Monasterolo and Marco Raberto discuss the potential impacts of including fossil fuel subsidies reduction under the TTIP. Frank Ackerman explores the economic costs of efforts to promote convergence of regulatory standards between the United States and the European Union under the TTIP. The following two contributions are by legal scholars. Brooke Güven and Lise Johnson explore the potential for international investment treaties to redirect investment flows to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly with regard to China and India. Matt Porterfield provides an overview of the ways in which both existing and proposed trade and investment agreements could have either “climate positive” or “climate negative” effects on mitigation policies. The final article is by Tao Hu, a former WTO trade and environment expert advisor for China and currently at the World Wildlife Fund, arguing that the definition of environmental goods and services’ under the WTO negotiations needs to be expanded to better incorporate climate change

Experimental and Computational Study of the Dispersion and Combustion of Wheat Starch and Carbon-Black Particles During the Standard 20L Sphere Test

PresentationThe 20L sphere is one of the standard devices accepted as an international normativity used for dust explosivity characterization. One concern about the effectiveness and reliability of this test is related to the particle size variation due to particles agglomeration and de-agglomeration. These phenomena are determined by the turbulent regime of the dust cloud during the dispersion. This variable must be considered since it determines the uncertainty level of the ignitability and severity parameters of dust combustion. In this context, this study describes the influence of the cloud turbulence on the dust segregation and fragmentation through an experimental and computational study. The behavior of the gas-solid mixture evidenced with the standard rebound nozzle was compared with that observed with six new nozzle geometries. Thereafter, the variations of the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) that occur during the dispersion within the 20L sphere were analyzed for two different powders: carbon-black and micrometric wheat starch. This description is performed with the implementation of two complementary approaches. On the one hand, an experimental approach characterizes the turbulence levels with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests that are complemented by the description of the PSD variations with granulometric analyses. On the other hand, a computational approach described the dispersion process with CFD-DEM simulations developed in STAR-CCM+ v11.04.010. The simulation results established that the homogeneity assumption is not satisfied with the nozzles compared in this study. Nonetheless, the particles segregation levels can be reduced using nozzles that generate a better dust distribution in the gas-solid injections. Subsequently, an additional first-approach CFD model was established to study the behavior of the combustion step when a starch/air mixture. This model considers the gas- phase reactions of the combustible gases that are produced from the devolatilization of Wheat starch (CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 and H2) and allowed to establish the approximate fraction of the particle mass that devolatilizes, as well as to confirm that the modelling of the pyrolysis stage is essential for the correct prediction of the maximum rate of pressure rise

Factibilidad para realizar una campaña social de posición de la Torre Mudéjar como un elemento reconocido en los estudiantes que cursan grado once, año lectivo 2004-2005, en la ciudad de Cali

La tesis parte del reconocimiento y de la importancia que tiene La Torre Mudéjar para la construcción de la identidad ciudadana de los Jóvenes en Santiago de Cali. Por ser ésta un hito arquitectónico de importante valor histórico y por ser la única torre representativa del Arte Mudéjar en América. Para ello se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de establecer su grado de conocimiento y la factibilidad de posicionarla como icono representativo de la ciudad para la juventud caleña, con tal propósito se efectuó un sondeo entre los jóvenes que cursan grado once (año lectivo 2004 – 2005) en Cali. El método elegido para alcanzar los objetivos del proyecto de investigación fue el diseño y la aplicación de sondeo, método cuantitativo que se caracteriza por el uso de encuestas como herramienta de investigación principal. Este sondeo se realizó a una muestra representativa de los estudiantes de grado once de colegios públicos y privados de Cali, y se cubrieron todos los estratos socioeconómicos. Se diseñó una encuesta que indagó sobre preferencias culturales y lugares significativos de la ciudad de Cali. Se aplicaron 643 encuestas. En ellas se encontró que los sitios más representativos para los estudiantes tienen una importancia histórica como el monumento de Sebastián de Belalcazar, San Antonio, El Cerro de las Tres Cruces, La Ermita y Cristo Rey. Es decir, que hay escaso conocimiento de La Torre Mudéjar. Estos resultados fueron analizados e interpretados arrojando cifras que permitieron concluir la posibilidad de realizar una campaña social que promocionará La Torre Mudéjar. También se producen recomendaciones a diferentes entidades de la ciudad con relación a las políticas que les correspondenTesis (Publicista) -- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2005PregradoPublicist

Efecto de un mensaje publicitario en la percepción de alimentos envasados, utilizando seguimiento ocular

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la percepción de padres de familia sobre los mensajes publicitarios (diseños de advertencia) de alimentos envasados, utilizando seguimiento ocular. La muestra está conformada por 106 padres de familia a quienes se les evaluó con el programa Neurolab. Los sistemas de advertencia (SA) utilizados fueron de los países de Brasil, Chile, Ecuador y Perú. El consumo de alimentos altos en azúcar, sodio entre otra muestra la falta de información y comprensión de los compradores en el consumo de determinados productos. En lo encontrado en esta investigación explica de manera sencilla el cómo los SA de los productos (yogurt y galleta) de gran demanda por los padres de familia intervienen en el proceso de consumo de determinado producto. Si estos esquemas actuales no se modifican, estaremos lamentando el aumento de la obesidad y la aparición de nuevas enfermedades nutricionales. Los resultados encontrados en el cual más de la mitad de nuestra muestra (57 %) se encuentra dentro de los 30 a 59 años, se muestran neutrales ante la exposición visual de los SA, asimismo las preguntas realizadas luego del proceso de evaluación revelan una mayor fijación a las etiquetas frontales de los demás países y en algunos casos la elección de la opción de ningún producto presentado.Tesi

Trade in the balance: reconciling trade and climate policy: report of the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy

This repository item contains a report published by the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy at The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University, and the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.This report outlines the general tensions between the trade and investment regime and climate policy, and outlines a framework toward making trade and investment rules more climate friendly. Members of the working group have contributed short pieces addressing a range of issues related to the intersection of trade and climate policy. The first two are by natural scientists. Anthony Janetos discusses the need to address the effects of international trade on efforts to limit the increase in global annual temperature to no more than 2oC over preindustrial levels. James J. Corbett examines the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to adequately address the environmental implications of shipping and maritime transport. The next two pieces are by economists who examine economic aspects of the trade-climate linkage. Irene Monasterolo and Marco Raberto discuss the potential impacts of including fossil fuel subsidies reduction under the TTIP. Frank Ackerman explores the economic costs of efforts to promote convergence of regulatory standards between the United States and the European Union under the TTIP. The following two contributions are by legal scholars. Brooke Güven and Lise Johnson explore the potential for international investment treaties to redirect investment flows to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly with regard to China and India. Matt Porterfield provides an overview of the ways in which both existing and proposed trade and investment agreements could have either “climate positive” or “climate negative” effects on mitigation policies. The final article is by Tao Hu, a former WTO trade and environment expert advisor for China and currently at the World Wildlife Fund, arguing that the definition of environmental goods and services’ under the WTO negotiations needs to be expanded to better incorporate climate change