The association between parent and child variables and physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Puerto Rican children

Studies with diverse populations including Caucasians, African-Americans, Asians, and Latinos have contributed important information about factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. However, the studies on Latino children have not examined how specific child and parent factors may be related to physical activity (PA) or sedentary behaviors (SB). Research investigations into these correlates or possible determinants of PA and SB in Latino children have only included children from Mexican American backgrounds. This dissertation consists of two studies designed to address the gaps in knowledge about these factors and their interaction with PA and SB in a specific group of Latino children. Data were obtained by direct evaluation of 75 children and their parents living on the Island of Puerto Rico. Objective measures, via accelerometry, were used to asses PA and SB, and questionnaires were used to obtain parental perceptions and beliefs about PA and SB. Child’s body composition was measured and used as a fitness component, along with a motor proficiency battery. Study 1 examined the relation between children’s fitness levels and level of motor skills, parental beliefs and perceptions of health status and children’s PA and SB. Results showed that time spent in SB and moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was associated with parents’ intentions of reducing TV time and their perception of their child’s body weight. Study 2 undertook a more specific analysis of the mechanism(s) of these associations, specifically attempting to understand the possible moderation effect of certain constructs on the association between predictors of PA and SB. Results indicated that the strength of age as a predictor of MVPA and SB levels of Latino children may be moderated by the parent’s perception of influence, which in itself may be influenced by the parent’s level of education. Parental perceptions and intentions are modifiable factors, which suggests that working with the family is an important area to explore in future interventions to reduce obesity risk in this population

Nanopartículas Poliméricas en Dermocosmética

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Recent advances in the fields of biomaterials and nanotechnology have allowed the development of advanced nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Despite a vast number of nanostructures such as liposomes, solid­lipid nanocapsules, polymeric and hybrid lipid­polymer nanoparticles have been studied as carriers for drug delivery for different pathologies with remarkable promising results; the use of polymeric nanoparticles in dermocosmetic still has not been widely explored. The evolution of cosmetic into the care skin and dermatology represents novel technological challenges. Also, the increasing knowledge about normal skin physiology and advances in nanotechnology provide an attractive environment for the creation of innovative dermocosmetic formulations. In this work, we discuss the state of the art of polymeric nanoparticles formulated for dermocosmetics, its mechanisms of action, and diffusion into the skin.Los recientes avances en el campo de los biomateriales y la nanotecnología han permitido el desarrollo de nanopartículas avanzadas para aplicaciones biomédicas. A pesar de que un gran número de nanoestructuras tales como liposomas, nanocápsulas lípido-sólidas, nanopartículas poliméricas y lípido-polímero híbridas han sido estudiadas como vehículos para la administración de fármacos en diferentes patologías con notables resultados prometedores, el uso de nanopartículas poliméricas en dermocosmética todavía no ha sido ampliamente explorado. La evolución de la cosmética en el cuidado de la piel y la dermatología nos enfrentan a nuevos retos tecnológicos. Además, el aumento de los conocimientos sobre la fisiología de la piel normal y los avances en la nanotecnología proporcionan un entorno atractivo para la creación de formulaciones dermocosméticas innovadoras. En este trabajo se discute el estado del arte de las nanopartículas poliméricas desarrolladas para dermocosmética, sus mecanismos de acción y la difusión en la piel.http://ref.scielo.org/b68hz

Coupling of morphology to surface transport in ion-beam irradiated surfaces. I. Oblique incidence

We propose and study a continuum model for the dynamics of amorphizable surfaces undergoing ion-beam sputtering (IBS) at intermediate energies and oblique incidence. After considering the current limitations of more standard descriptions in which a single evolution equation is posed for the surface height, we overcome (some of) them by explicitly formulating the dynamics of the species that transport along the surface, and by coupling it to that of the surface height proper. In this we follow recent proposals inspired by ``hydrodynamic'' descriptions of pattern formation in aeolian sand dunes and ion-sputtered systems. From this enlarged model, and by exploiting the time-scale separation among various dynamical processes in the system, we derive a single height equation in which coefficients can be related to experimental parameters. This equation generalizes those obtained by previous continuum models and is able to account for many experimental features of pattern formation by IBS at oblique incidence, such as the evolution of the irradiation-induced amorphous layer, transverse ripple motion with non-uniform velocity, ripple coarsening, onset of kinetic roughening and other. Additionally, the dynamics of the full two-field model is compared with that of the effective interface equation.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures. Movies of figures 6, 7, and 8 available at http://gisc.uc3m.es/~javier/Movies

Ab initio LSDA and LSDA+U study of pure and Cd-doped cubic lanthanide sesquioxides

The electronic, structural, and hyperfine properties of pure and Cd-doped lanthanide (Ln) sesquioxides with the cubic bixbyite structure (Ln2O3, Ln ranging from La to Lu) have been studied using the full-potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital (APW + lo) method within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the Coulomb-corrected LSDA + U. In the case of the pure systems, our calculations show that LSDA + U gives a better representation of the band structure compared to LSDA. The predicted equilibrium structures and the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor at Ln sites were calculated and compared with those obtained by means of hyperfine techniques and with theoretical results obtained in In2O3, Sc2O3, and Lu2O3 reported in the literature. The origin of the EFG at Ln sites and the role played by the 4f electrons on this quantity are discussed. In the case of the Cd-doped systems, the APW + lo method (also within LSDA and LSDA + U) was applied to treat the electronic structure of the doped system. The role of the Ln 4f electrons on the EFG at Cd impurity sites, and other variables like structural distortions induced by the Cd impurity, were investigated in detail and are discussed and compared with available experimental results. An excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated EFGs was found for all Cd-doped systems.Fil: Richard, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Emiliano Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Rentería, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Errico, Leonardo Antonio. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Svane, A.. University Aarhus. Institut for Fysik Og Astronomi; DinamarcaFil: Christensen, N. E.. University Aarhus. Institut for Fysik Og Astronomi; Dinamarc

Benchmarking Faddeev and transfer-to-the-continuum calculations for ( p , p N ) reactions

Background: Nucleon-knockout reactions on proton targets (p, pN) have experienced a renewed interest due to the availability of inverse-kinematics experiments with exotic nuclei. Various theoretical descriptions have been used to describe these reactions, such as the distorted-wave impulse approximation, the Faddeev-type formalism, and the transfer-to-the-continuum method. Purpose: Our goal is to benchmark the observables computed with the Faddeev and transfer-to-the-continuum formalisms in the intermediate energy regime relevant for the experimental (p, pn) and (p, 2p) studies. Method: We analyze the 11Be(p, pn) 10Be reaction for different beam energies, binding energies, and orbital quantum numbers with both formalisms to assess their agreement for different observables. Results: We obtain a good agreement in all cases considered, within ≈10%, when the input potentials are taken consistently and realistically. Conclusions: The results of this work prove the consistency and accuracy of both methods, setting an indication on the degree of systematic uncertainties applicable when using them to extract spectroscopic information from (p, pN) reactions.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España y fondos FEDER. FIS2017-88410-PPrograma de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea. No. 654002.Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Alemania. LTU-1185721-HFST-

A qualitative study conducted in the USA exploring Latino fathers’ beliefs, attitudes and practices related to their young children’s eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviours

Objective: Increasing evidence documents fathers’ influential role in their children’s eating, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB). We aimed to expand limited existing research examining fathers’ influence in these areas by exploring Latino fathers’ beliefs, attitudes and practices related to eating, PA and SB of their young children. Designs: Seven focus group discussions were conducted in Spanish with Latino fathers (n 28) of children aged 2–8 years. Audio recordings were transcribed and translated verbatim without identifiers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key concepts and themes using NVivo 11 software. Results: Fathers expressed positive beliefs and attitudes about the importance of healthy eating for their young children, themselves and their families. Nevertheless, the majority reported familial practices including eating out, getting take-out, etc. that have been linked to increased obesity risk among Latino children. Fathers were more involved and engaged in children’s PA than eating and feeding. However, several fathers reported engaging predominantly in sedentary activities with their children, appeared permissive of children’s sedentary habits and struggled to set limits on children’s screen-time. Conclusions: We provide new information on Latino fathers’ beliefs and child feeding and PA practices that may provide important targets for interventions aimed at promoting healthful eating and PA behaviours of Latino children. Future research should further quantify the influence of Latino fathers’ parenting styles and practices on development of children’s eating, PA and SB. This information is needed to identify risk factors amenable to interventions and to design culturally appropriate parenting and family-based interventions targeting Latino children’s home environment and designed to meet this ethnic group’s specific needs

Arteriolopatía calcificante urémica, reporte de un caso tratado con tiosulfato de sodio

We describe a case of calcific uremic arteriolopathyinitially associated with skin lesions within the context of a patient with chronic kidney disease on automated peritoneal dialysis therapy. Among the most relevant findings, the patient hadhyperphosphatemia, normocalcemia and severe hyperparathyroidism without nodular hyperplasia. Clinical improvement with multimodal management of enhancement in dialysis therapy and intravenous sodium thiosulfate is highlighted. Calciphylaxis is a disorder that has a high morbidity and mortality, secondary to sepsis. It occurs more frequently in patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis. It is characterized by systemic medial calcification of the arterioles, triggering ischemia and subcutaneous necrosis of skin and soft tissues. Histopathological evaluation helps to confirm the diagnosis.Describimos un caso de arteriolopatía calcificante urémica asociada,  inicialmente, a lesiones cutáneas,en unpaciente con insuficiencia renal crónica, en terapia de diálisis peritoneal automatizada, como hallazgos másrelevantes presentaba hiperfosfatemia, normocalcemia e hiperparatiroidismo severo sin hiperplasia nodular.Se destaca la mejoría clínica con manejo multimodal de intensificación en la terapia dialítica y tiosulfato desodio intravenoso.La calcifilaxis es un trastorno que debuta con alta morbilidad ymortalidad, secundaria a sepsis, ocurre con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica que se encuentran en hemodiálisis. Se caracteriza por calcificación sistémica en la media de las arteriolas, desencadenándose isquemia y necrosis subcutánea de piel y tejidos blandos. La evaluación histopatológica ayuda a confirmar el diagnóstico

Ab initio LSDA and LSDA+U study of pure and Cd-doped cubic lanthanide sesquioxides

The electronic, structural, and hyperfine properties of pure and Cd-doped lanthanide (Ln) sesquioxides with the cubic bixbyite structure (Ln2O3, Ln ranging from La to Lu) have been studied using the full-potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital (APW + lo) method within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the Coulomb-corrected LSDA + U. In the case of the pure systems, our calculations show that LSDA + U gives a better representation of the band structure compared to LSDA. The predicted equilibrium structures and the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor at Ln sites were calculated and compared with those obtained by means of hyperfine techniques and with theoretical results obtained in In2O3, Sc2O3, and Lu2O3 reported in the literature. The origin of the EFG at Ln sites and the role played by the 4f electrons on this quantity are discussed. In the case of the Cd-doped systems, the APW + lo method (also within LSDA and LSDA + U) was applied to treat the electronic structure of the doped system. The role of the Ln 4f electrons on the EFG at Cd impurity sites, and other variables like structural distortions induced by the Cd impurity, were investigated in detail and are discussed and compared with available experimental results. An excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated EFGs was found for all Cd-doped systems.Instituto de Física La Plat