Exoplanet atmospheres Characterization Observatory payload short-wave infrared channel: EChO SWiR

EChO (Exoplanet atmospheres Characterization Observatory), a proposal for exoplanets exploration space mission, is considered the next step for planetary atmospheres characterization. It would be a dedicated observatory to uncover a large selected sample of planets spanning a wide range of masses (from gas giants to super-Earths) and orbital temperatures (from hot to habitable). All targets move around stars of spectral types F, G, K, and M. EChO would provide an unprecedented view of the atmospheres of planets in the solar neighbourhood. The consortium formed by various institutions of different countries proposed as ESA M3 an integrated spectrometer payload for EChO covering the wavelength interval 0.4 to 16 µm. This instrument is subdivided into 4 channels: a visible channel, which includes a fine guidance system (FGS) and a VIS spectrometer, a near infrared channel (SWiR), a middle infrared channel (MWiR), and a long wave infrared module (LWiR). In addition, it contains a common set of optics spectrally dividing the wavelength coverage and injecting the combined light of parent stars and their exoplanets into the different channels. The proposed payload meets all of the key performance requirements detailed in the ESA call for proposals as well as all scientific goals. EChO payload is based on different spectrometers covering the spectral range mentioned above. Among them, SWiR spectrometer would work from 2.45 microns to 5.45 microns. In this paper, the optical and mechanical designs of the SWiR channel instrument are reported on

Innovación tecnológica para la asignación de cargas de trabajo en la gestión del cuidado de enfermería: una revisión integradora

30 páginasBackground: Technology reduces the nursing workload, improve the quality care processes, patient's safety, and avoid staff burnout. Innovative technologies are disrupting healthcare systems by improving the efficiency of processes and management. There is a discussion on the benefits, challenges, and barriers of these technologies and considering human factors of nursing management. Methods: To analyse the nursing workload models, the predictors of nursing burnout and outcomes, the new technologies and its acceptance for nursing care management based on the literature. An integrative literature review is performed. Scopus, Scielo, PUBMED, and CINALH databases were searched to perform an integrative review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles published from January 2016 to December 2020 were included. Quality appraisal was performed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool version 1.4 (CCAT). Two reviewers independently examined the title and abstract for eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool version 1.4 (CCAT). Results: Initially 2,818 articles were potentially relevant. After following the PRISMA Guidelines, 35 studies were included in the review. Four themes appeared: Nursing workload models; Predictors of nursing burnout and outcomes; Information technologies and technological means for management; Technology acceptance. Conclusions: Technology has the potential to improve care management by estimating nurse workload in ICUs and non-critical units, but scientific evidence is more detailed in the former type of services. The literature provides insights about the factors that factors and the barriers that promote the technology acceptance and usability. We did not find studies comparing technologies and no scientific evidence proving improvements in care."Antecedentes: La tecnología reduce la carga de trabajo de enfermería, mejora la procesos de atención de calidad, seguridad del paciente y evitar el desgaste del personal. Las tecnologías innovadoras están revolucionando los sistemas sanitarios al mejorando la eficiencia de los procesos y la gestión. Hay un discusión sobre los beneficios, desafíos y barreras de estos tecnologías y considerando los factores humanos de la gestión de enfermería. Métodos: Analizar los modelos de carga de trabajo de enfermería, los predictores de Burnout y resultados de enfermería, las nuevas tecnologías y sus aceptación para la gestión del cuidado de enfermería con base en la literatura. Un Se realiza una revisión integradora de la literatura. Scopus, Scielo, PUBMED, y se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos CINALH para realizar un análisis integrador. revisión siguiendo las pautas PRISMA. Artículos publicados a partir de enero. Se incluyeron de 2016 a diciembre de 2020. La evaluación de calidad fue realizado utilizando la herramienta de evaluación crítica de Crowe versión 1.4 (CCAT). Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente el título y el resumen en busca de elegibilidad según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Calidad La evaluación se realizó utilizando la herramienta de evaluación crítica de Crowe. versión 1.4 (CCAT). Resultados: Inicialmente 2.818 artículos fueron potencialmente relevantes. Después siguiendo las Directrices PRISMA, se incluyeron 35 estudios en el revisar. Aparecieron cuatro temas: Modelos de carga de trabajo en enfermería; Predictores del agotamiento y los resultados de la enfermería; tecnologías de la información y medios tecnológicos para la gestión; Aceptación de la tecnología. Conclusiones: La tecnología tiene el potencial de mejorar la atención gestión mediante la estimación de la carga de trabajo de enfermería en UCI y no críticos unidades, pero la evidencia científica es más detallada en el primer tipo de servicios. La literatura proporciona información sobre los factores que influyen. y las barreras que promueven la aceptación de la tecnología y usabilidad. No se encontraron estudios que compararan tecnologías ni evidencia científica que demuestra mejoras en la atención.

The ChoCO-W prospective observational global study: Does COVID-19 increase gangrenous cholecystitis?

BACKGROUND: The incidence of the highly morbid and potentially lethal gangrenous cholecystitis was reportedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the ChoCO-W study was to compare the clinical findings and outcomes of acute cholecystitis in patients who had COVID-19 disease with those who did not. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected over 6 months (October 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021) with 1-month follow-up. In October 2020, Delta variant of SARS CoV-2 was isolated for the first time. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and reported according to the STROBE guidelines. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who had COVID-19 were compared with those who did not. RESULTS: A total of 2893 patients, from 42 countries, 218 centers, involved, with a median age of 61.3 (SD: 17.39) years were prospectively enrolled in this study; 1481 (51%) patients were males. One hundred and eighty (6.9%) patients were COVID-19 positive, while 2412 (93.1%) were negative. Concomitant preexisting diseases including cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.0001), diabetes (p < 0.0001), and severe chronic obstructive airway disease (p = 0.005) were significantly more frequent in the COVID-19 group. Markers of sepsis severity including ARDS (p < 0.0001), PIPAS score (p < 0.0001), WSES sepsis score (p < 0.0001), qSOFA (p < 0.0001), and Tokyo classification of severity of acute cholecystitis (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 group had significantly higher postoperative complications (32.2% compared with 11.7%, p < 0.0001), longer mean hospital stay (13.21 compared with 6.51 days, p < 0.0001), and mortality rate (13.4% compared with 1.7%, p < 0.0001). The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis was doubled in the COVID-19 group (40.7% compared with 22.3%). The mean wall thickness of the gallbladder was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group [6.32 (SD: 2.44) mm compared with 5.4 (SD: 3.45) mm; p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis is higher in COVID patients compared with non-COVID patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. Gangrenous cholecystitis in COVID patients is associated with high-grade Clavien-Dindo postoperative complications, longer hospital stay and higher mortality rate. The open cholecystectomy rate is higher in COVID compared with non -COVID patients. It is recommended to delay the surgical treatment in COVID patients, when it is possible, to decrease morbidity and mortality rates. COVID-19 infection and gangrenous cholecystistis are not absolute contraindications to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a case by case evaluation, in expert hands