LINDEN (Ian), Christianisme et pouvoir au Rwanda. (1900-1990)

Publié une première fois en 1977 sous le titre Church and Révolution, cet ouvrage doit sa réédition au génocide de 1994. Les sept premiers chapitres s’appuient sur la thèse d’histoire de l’auteur, soutenue à la S.O.A.S. de Londres, tandis que le dernier a été ajouté pour couvrir la période post-coloniale. L’exploitation des archives des Pères Blancs est remarquable, et les lecteurs apprécieront le luxe de détails qui agrémentent la description des stratégies missionnaires vis-à-vis du pouvoir..

John Chidi Nwafor, Church and State: The Nigerian Experience. The Relationship between the Church and the State in Nigeria in the Areas of Human Rights, Education, Religious Freedom and Religious Tolerance

Ce livre est le produit d'une thèse de doctorat (Ph. D.) soutenue à l'université Gœthe de Cologne. L'auteur se consacre, dans une première partie, à décrire les relations entre l'État et l'Église au sein de la société nigériane, selon une perspective historique. Ce développement est sans doute utile à une meilleure compréhension de la suite du livre mais il est dommage que ces rapports ne soient envisagés que du point de vue des trois grands groupes ethniques (Hausa, Yoruba et Ibo) qui ne rep..

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Jean-François Bayart, État et religion en Afrique

Cet ouvrage est incontournable pour qui s’intéresse à la question classique en politologie des relations croisées entre politique et religion, dans le cadre africain. Il est le fruit d’une carrière hors du commun consacrée largement à l’investigation de cette thématique. Comme tout ouvrage de synthèse savante, ce livre concis s’avère particulièrement rétif au résumé et à la critique qui suit. Le sujet est posé par l’auteur, spécialiste reconnu de cette question de l’État en Afrique, dont il a..

Pentecôtisme en Afrique de l'Ouest (entre délivrance et possession matérielle)

Cette thèse propose de comparer deux églises penticôtistes du Ghana et du Nigeria, en observant leur rapport à la doctrine de la prospérité. Une première partie est dévolue à la bibliographie et à la présentation des contextes nationaux. Dans une deuxième partie, les structures sont envisagées du triple point de vue de l'itinéraire des fondateurs, de l'organisation des Églises et de celui de leurs croyances et de leurs pratiques. Ces trois chapitres éclairent particulièrement les aspects liées à l'économie et aux aspects médiatiques, au sens large, afin de permettre dans une troisième partie l'analyse du message de la prospérité, effectuée lors des deux derniers chapitres, l'un consacré à la communication du message, l'autre à sa decription ethnographique. Finalement, cette thèse favorise la compréhension du christianisme contemporain en Afrique de l'Ouest anglophone, dynamique au regard de la diffusion de ce courant religieux pentecôtiste.This Ph.D. will compare two Pentecostal churches in Nigeria and in Ghana, using their relation to prosperity doctrine. The first part is devoted to the bibliographic work about Pentecostalism and the presentation of national contexts. In the second part, the Churches are analysed from three perspectives : the founders' itinerary, the churches' organisation, and their beliefs and practices. These chapters shed light on the media and economical aspects to enable in a third part an analysis of the prosperity message. This analysis is conducted through the last two chapters, one concerned with the message's communication, the other based on its ethnographic description. Finally, this thesis provides an understanding of contemporary Christianity in West Africa, central in the diffusion of this Pentecostal religious trend.PARIS-Médiathèque MQB (751132304) / SudocPARIS-Fondation MSH (751062301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bulletin bibliographique

Cette livraison s’ouvre sur trois in memoriam : le premier sur David Martin (1929-2019), sociologue britannique, spécialiste international des questions de sécularisation ; le second sur Françoise Lautman (1935-2019), sociologue, ethnologue et théologienne, qui fit partie de notre comité de rédaction ; le troisième sur Benjamin Fabre (1928-2019), professeur de philosophie, fidèle rédacteur de comptes rendus dans notre revue. « L’atelier des sciences sociales du religieux » engage ensuite une discussion à quatre voix sur la généalogie savante du mot rite dont l’objet fut longtemps écartelé, sinon marginalisé, entre les réflexions des théologiens sur le sens et la forme liturgiques et celles des érudits et des ethnographes sur l’origine et la mécanique des traditions. L’atelier se clôt par un retour sur le concept d’« angoisse eschatologique » dans l’œuvre de Max Weber. Les « notes critiques » qui suivent prolongent cette attention aux auteurs classiques avec un retour sur la notion de « communauté » chez le même Weber et une relecture de la Division du travail social de Durkheim à l’occasion d’une nouvelle édition critique. Les autres notes portent sur la postérité littéraire de Thérèse de Lisieux, sur les filiations spirituelles de Monseigneur Maxime Charles, fondateur du Centre Richelieu en milieu étudiant parisien d’après-guerre, sur la possession et la sorcellerie au xviie siècle, sur les abus sexuels au sein de l’Église catholique, enfin sur les soubassements chrétiens de la genèse des États occidentaux. Une « lecture croisée » offre un échange de perspectives autour du dernier ouvrage de Jacques Le Brun sur la poésie, la mystique et la métaphysique d’Angelus Silesius, figure du luthéranisme allemand au xviie siècle converti au catholicisme. Plus de cent comptes rendus occupent enfin la moitié du volume, témoignant de la vitalité d’un champ de recherches où cohabitent et souvent dialoguent de multiples traditions savantes. This issue begins with three in memoriam: David Martin (1929-2019), British sociologist, international specialist in secularization issues; Françoise Lautman (1935-2019), sociologist, ethnologist and theologian, who was a member of our editorial board; Benjamin Fabre (1928-2019), professor of philosophy, a regular prolific contributor in our journal. The "Religious Social Sciences Workshop" then engages in a four-part discussion on the scientific genealogy of the word rite, the object of which was long torn apart, if not marginalized, between the theologians' reflections on the liturgical meaning and form and those of scholars and ethnographers on the origin and mechanics of traditions. The "workshop" ends with a return to the concept of "eschatological anxiety" in Max Weber's work. The following "critical notes" extend this attention to classical authors with a return to the notion of "community" in the same Weber and a review of The Division of Labour in Society by Durkheim on the occasion of a new critical edition. The other notes deal with the literary posterity of Thérèse de Lisieux, the spiritual filiations of Monseigneur Maxime Charles, founder of the Centre Richelieu in a post-war Parisian student environment, possession and witchcraft in the 17th century, sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, and finally the Christian foundations of the genesis of Western States. A "cross-reading" offers an exchange of perspectives on Jacques Le Brun's latest work on the poetry, mysticism and metaphysics of Angelus Silesius, a 17th century figure of German Lutheranism who converted to Catholicism. More than one hundred reviews finally occupy half of the volume, testifying the vitality of a field of research where multiple scientific traditions coexist and often interact. Este número empieza con tres in memoriam: David Martin (1929-2019), sociólogo británico, especialista internacional en temas de secularización; Françoise Lautman (1935-2019), socióloga, etnóloga y teóloga, miembro de nuestro consejo editorial; Benjamin Fabre (1928-2019), profesor de filosofía, colaborador habitual de nuestra revista. El "Taller de Ciencias Sociales Religiosas" inicia entonces una discusión en cuatro partes sobre la genealogía científica de la palabra rito, cuyo objeto fue largamente desgarrado, si no marginado, entre las reflexiones de los teólogos sobre el significado y la forma litúrgica y las de los estudiosos y etnógrafos sobre el origen y la mecánica de las tradiciones. El "taller" termina con una vuelta al concepto de "ansiedad escatológica" en la obra de Max Weber. Las siguientes "notas críticas" amplían esta atención a los autores clásicos con una vuelta a la noción de "comunidad" en la misma Weber y una reseña de La división del trabajo social de Durkheim con motivo de una nueva edición crítica. Las otras notas tratan de la posteridad literaria de Thérèse de Lisieux, las filiaciones espirituales de Monseñor Maxime Charles, fundador del Centro Richelieu en un ambiente estudiantil parisino de posguerra, la posesión y la brujería en el siglo xvii, los abusos sexuales en el seno de la Iglesia Católica y, por último, los fundamentos cristianos de la génesis de los Estados occidentales. Una "lectura cruzada" ofrece un intercambio de perspectivas sobre el último trabajo de Jacques Le Brun sobre la poesía, el misticismo y la metafísica de Angelus Silesius, una figura del luteranismo alemán del siglo xvii que se convirtió al catolicismo. Más de un centenar de reseñas ocupan finalmente la mitad del volumen, lo que demuestra la vitalidad de un campo de investigación en el que coexisten y a menudo interactúan múltiples tradiciones científicas. Questo numero si apre con tre in memoriam: il primo su David Martin (1929-2019), sociologo britannico, specialista mondialmente riconosciuto della secolarizzazione; il secondo su Françoise Lautman (1935-2019), sociologa, etnologa e teologa, che è stata membro del nostro comitato editoriale; il terzo su Benjamin Fabre (1928-2019), professore di filosofia, fedele recensore della nostra rivista. Il "Laboratorio delle scienze sociali della religione" presenta una discussione in quattro parti sulla genealogia dotta della parola rito, il cui oggetto è stato a lungo diviso, se non disqualificato, tra le riflessioni dei teologi sul significato e la forma liturgica e quelle di studiosi ed etnografi sull'origine e il meccanismo delle tradizioni. Il "laboratorio" si conclude con un ritorno al concetto di "ansia escatologica" nel lavoro di Max Weber. Le "note critiche" che seguono estendono questa attenzione agli autori classici con un ritorno alla nozione di "comunità" nello stesso Weber e una rilettura della Divisione del lavoro sociale di Durkheim a partire da una nuova edizione critica. Le altre note riguardano la posterità letteraria di Thérèse de Lisieux, le filiazioni spirituali di Monsignor Maxime Charles, fondatore del Centre Richelieu nell'ambiente studentesco parigino del dopoguerra, la possessione e la stregoneria nel xvii secolo, gli abusi sessuali nella Chiesa cattolica e, infine, i fondamenti cristiani della genesi degli Stati occidentali. Una "lettura incrociata" offre uno scambio di prospettive sull'ultimo libro di Jacques Le Brun sulla poesia, la mistica e la metafisica di Angelus Silesius, figura del luteranesimo tedesco del xvii secolo che si convertì al cattolicesimo. Più di cento recensioni occupano la metà del volume, a testimonianza della vitalità di un campo di ricerca in cui convivono e spesso interagiscono molteplici tradizioni

Impact on disease mortality of clinical, biological, and virological characteristics at hospital admission and overtime in COVID‐19 patients

International audienc

Sex differences in post-acute neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 and symptom resolution in adults after coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalization: an international multi-centre prospective observational study

: Although it is known that coronavirus disease 2019 can present with a range of neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications, sparse data exist on whether these initial neurological symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 are closely associated with post-acute neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; PANSC) and whether female versus male sex impacts symptom resolution. In this international, multi-centre, prospective, observational study across 407 sites from 15 countries (30 January 2020 to 30 April 2022), we report the prevalence and risk factors of PANSC among hospitalized adults and investigate the differences between males and females on neurological symptom resolution over time. PANSC symptoms included altered consciousness/confusion, fatigue/malaise, anosmia, dysgeusia and muscle ache/joint pain, on which information was collected at index hospitalization and during follow-up assessments. The analysis considered a time to the resolution of individual and all neurological symptoms. The resulting times were modelled by Weibull regression, assuming mixed-case interval censoring, with sex and age included as covariates. The model results were summarized as cumulative probability functions and age-adjusted and sex-adjusted median times to resolution. We included 6862 hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019, who had follow-up assessments. The median age of the participants was 57 years (39.2% females). Males and females had similar baseline characteristics, except that more males (versus females) were admitted to the intensive care unit (30.5 versus 20.3%) and received mechanical ventilation (17.2 versus 11.8%). Approximately 70% of patients had multiple neurological symptoms at the first follow-up (median = 102 days). Fatigue (49.9%) and myalgia/arthralgia (45.2%) were the most prevalent symptoms of PANSC at the initial follow-up. The reported prevalence in females was generally higher (versus males) for all symptoms. At 12 months, anosmia and dysgeusia were resolved in most patients, although fatigue, altered consciousness and myalgia remained unresolved in >10% of the cohort. Females had a longer time to the resolution (5.2 versus 3.4 months) of neurological symptoms at follow-up for those with more than one neurological symptom. In the multivariable analysis, males were associated with a shorter time to the resolution of symptoms (hazard ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-1.69). Intensive care unit admission was associated with a longer time to the resolution of symptoms (hazard ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval = 0.60-0.77). Post-discharge stroke was uncommon (0.3% in females and 0.5% in males). Despite the methodological challenges involved in the collection of survey data, this international multi-centre prospective cohort study demonstrated that PANSC following index hospitalization was high. Symptom prevalence was higher and took longer to resolve in females than in males. This supported the fact that while males were sicker during acute illness, females were disproportionately affected by PANSC