Number, please: New Hampshire telephone operators in the predial era, 1877--1973

The predial telephone era in New Hampshire stretched from about 1877 to 1973. This dissertation examines predial telephone operating in the state as a category of women\u27s work. While growing out of and responding to technical invention and development, telephone operating had deep roots in women\u27s social roles; gender defined occupational options, the work environment, the rules of employment, wages, and expectations. As the telephone system developed, differences between telephone operating in large and small exchanges developed; the urban operator eventually worked under conditions of traffic volume, supervision, and control that the rural operator often did not. To uncover the differences, this dissertation traces and compares the early development of the telephone in two New Hampshire locations: the city of Manchester, which in 1878 or 1879 was the site of the first exchange in New Hampshire, and the village of Meriden in Plainfield, which in 1973 was the site of the last New Hampshire magneto system to convert to dial. To help maintain an approach told from telephone operators\u27 perspectives, the research draws on oral history interviews of New Hampshire operators taken and transcribed in the decade from 1990--2000. Other documentation such as diaries, letters, newspapers, and census records support and build context. Following a roughly chronological order, chapter one, What Else Could A Woman Do? sets the context by outlining the occupational and social options for women in New Hampshire as the telephone system began. In The Telephone Comes to Manchester, and The Telephone Comes to Meriden, new research documents and compares development of the telephone business in a large and a small exchange in the state, including the introduction of women as telephone operators. Other chapters look at the effects of technical developments on the job, the heyday of telephone operating when independent and New England Telephone and Telegraph exchanges linked with AT&T\u27s long lines to become part of a nationwide and then worldwide system, the conversion to automatic switching, and a comparison of images of operators with the actual experience of telephone operating. Appendix A is a discussion with examples of transcribing and using oral history excerpts for public presentations. Appendix B includes photographs of New Hampshire switchboards and operators

An analysis of the philosophical implications of the Engel v. Vitale case

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/2316/thumbnail.jp

On the microlocal properties of the range of systems of principal type

The purpose of this paper is to study microlocal conditions for inclusion relations between the ranges of square systems of pseudodifferential operators which fail to be locally solvable. The work is an extension of earlier results for the scalar case in this direction, where analogues of results by L. H\"ormander about inclusion relations between the ranges of first order differential operators with coefficients in $C^\infty$ which fail to be locally solvable were obtained. We shall study the properties of the range of systems of principal type with constant characteristics for which condition (\Psi) is known to be equivalent to microlocal solvability.Comment: Added Theorem 4.7, Corollary 4.8 and Lemma A.4, corrected misprints. The paper has 40 page

‘If I climb a wall of ten meters’: capoeira, parkour and the politics of public space among (post)migrant youth in Turin, Italy

Rather than being seen as citizens, the children of immigrants are portrayed as a population to be controlled and contained across Europe. In Italy today, debates about cultural ‘authenticity’ and renewed nationalism accompany waves of moral panic that depict a country under siege by illegal and unwanted immigrants. Specifically in cities, immigrants and their children are imagined and portrayed as alien and out of place. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic research in Turin, Italy, with children of immigrants aged between 16 and 21, De Martini Ugolotti and Moyer illustrate how these youth make use of their bodies through capoeira and parkour practices to contest and reappropriate public spaces, thereby challenging dominant visions about what constitutes the public, how it should be used and by whom. They analyse the ‘body in place’ to understand how the children of immigrants navigate unequal spatial relations and challenge dominant regimes of representation, while also attempting to improve their life conditions and reach their personal goals

A comparative analysis of rawinsonde and NIMBUS 6 and TIROS N satellite profile data

Comparisons are made between rawinsonde and satellite profiles in seven areas for a wide range of surface and weather conditions. Variables considered include temperature, dewpoint temperature, thickness, precipitable water, lapse rate of temperature, stability, geopotential height, mixing ratio, wind direction, wind speed, and kinematic parameters, including vorticity and the advection of vorticity and temperature. In addition, comparisons are made in the form of cross sections and synoptic fields for selected variables. Sounding data from the NIMBUS 6 and TIROS N satellites were used. Geostrophic wind computed from smoothed geopotential heights provided large scale flow patterns that agreed well with the rawinsonde wind fields. Surface wind patterns as well as magnitudes computed by use of the log law to extrapolate wind to a height of 10 m agreed with observations. Results of this study demonstrate rather conclusively that satellite profile data can be used to determine characteristics of large scale systems but that small scale features, such as frontal zones, cannot yet be resolved

Flaming dormant alfalfa for pest control

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) is an important forage crop whose production is hampered by pests, including the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal) which is a major problem in many areas. Flaming during dormancy could be an alternative control measure. Late fall and early spring flaming at three intensities were compared with pesticide and no treatment for their effects on alfalfa weevil damage and weed density. In four site-years, flaming at high intensity generally reduced weevil damage to alfalfa. When winter annual broadleaf weeds were prevalent, flaming decreased their density. When fall and spring flaming effects were different, spring flaming gave better results

Time-delay and Doppler tests of the Lorentz symmetry of gravity

Modifications to the classic time-delay effect and Doppler shift in General Relativity (GR) are studied in the context of the Lorentz-violating Standard-Model Extension (SME). We derive the leading Lorentz-violating corrections to the time-delay and Doppler shift signals, for a light ray passing near a massive body. It is demonstrated that anisotropic coefficients for Lorentz violation control a time-dependent behavior of these signals that is qualitatively different from the conventional case in GR. Estimates of sensitivities to gravity-sector coefficients in the SME are given for current and future experiments, including the recent Cassini solar conjunction experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, references added, matches PRD versio

The radial electric field as a measure for field penetration of resonant magnetic perturbations

In this paper we introduce a new indirect method for identifying the radial extent of the stochastic layer due to applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in H-mode plasmas by measuring the spin-up of the plasma near the separatrix. This spin-up is a predicted consequence of enhanced electron loss, due to magnetic stochastization (Kaveeva et al 2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 075003). We find that in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with n = 3 RMPs applied for edge localized mode suppression, the stochastic layer is limited to the outer 5% region in normalized magnetic flux, Psi(N). This is in contrast to vacuum modelling predictions where this layer can penetrate up to 20% in Psi(N). Theoretical predictions of a stochastic radial electric field, Er component exceed the experimental measurements by about a factor 3 close to the separatrix, suggesting that the outer region of the plasma is weakly stochastic. Linear response calculations with M3D-C1, a resistive two-fluid model, show that in this outer 5% region, plasma response often reduces the resonant magnetic field components by 67% or more in comparison with vacuum calculations. These results for DIII-D are in reasonable agreement with results from the MAST tokamak, where the magnetic field perturbation from vacuum field calculations needed to be reduced by 75% for agreement with experimental measurements of the x-point lobe structure