Aptidão física na função policial: o impacto metabólico agudo no uso de fardamento e equipamentos de proteção individual

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é estudar o impacto metabólico agudo no uso do equipamento de proteção individual (VTOP) no desempenho de elementos policiais de elite. MÉTODO: 42 elementos do Corpo de Intervenção da PSP (39.4 ± 1.3 anos, Altura = 178 ± 0.01 cm, Peso = 80.3 ± 1.3 kg, IMC = 26.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2 , % Massa Gorda = 15.4 ± 0.5) realizaram uma bateria de testes à Aptidão Física com vista a mensurar a capacidade cardiovascular, a agilidade, a força e potência dos membros superiores, inferiores e core, e flexibilidade dos membros superiores e inferiores. A amostra realizou o Circuito de Aptidão Física para a Função Policial On-Duty Task (ODT) em dois momentos distintos, estando num 1.º momento equipados com Equipamento de Educação Física (EEF) e num 2.º momento com o Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) VTOP. Foram controladas as seguintes variáveis: Tempo (s), Frequência Cardíaca (FC, bpms) Lactato (LAC, mmol/L); Força de Preensão Manual (FPM, kg); Countermovement Jump (CMJ, cm); Perceção Subjetiva do Esforço (PSE). Comparou-se o desempenho do circuito com EEF e EPI, o Tempo do Circuito foi correlacionado com os testes físicos e identificamos os fatores preditivos de sucesso no ODT. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que a polícia de Elite apresenta um nível de Atividade Física Vigorosa (87.9 %), um bom nível de Aptidão Física, e uma boa composição corporal (10 a 20 % MG, 82% da amostra) mesmo em comparação com o panorama policial internacional. Verificou-se ainda, uma forte correlação negativa entre as variáveis de aptidão física e o tempo do circuito, ou seja, quanto maior é o nível de aptidão física, menor é o tempo na realização do circuito ODT. O uso de EPI resulta em perdas de desempenho em cerca 25% (p < 0.01). Aplicando a regressão linear múltipla alcançou-se a equação, Desempenho no Circuito ODT com VTOP = 185.87 – (2969 * Nº Barras) + (15.777 * Teste T) – (1.732 * FPM_D) expondo que o número máximo de repetições de flexões de braços na trave, o desempenho no teste de agilidade (Teste T) e nos valores da FPM da mão direita, explicam a variação de performance até 46.2%. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a utilização de EPI causa perdas significativas no rendimento dos operacionais da Polícia de Elite, afectando-os no seu trabalho policial.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to study the acute metabolic impact of wearing personal protective equipment (VTOP) on the performance of elite police officers. METHODS: 42 police officers (39.4 ± 1.3 years old, Height = 178 ± 0.01 cm, Weight = 80.3 ± 1.3 kg, BMI = 26.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, % Fat Mass = 15.4 ± 0.5) performed a battery of Physical Fitness tests in order to measure cardiovascular capacity, agility, upper, lower limb and core strength and power, and upper and lower limb flexibility. The sample performed the On-Duty Task (ODT) Police Physical Fitness Circuit in two different moments, being in a 1st moment equipped with Physical Education Equipment (PE) and in a 2nd moment with the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) VTOP. The following variables were controlled: Time (s), Heart Rate (HR, bpms) Lactate (LAC, mmol/L); Handgrip Power (FPM, kg); Countermovement Jump (CMJ, cm); Subjective Effort Perception (PSE). Circuit performance was compared with EEF and EPI, Circuit Time was correlated with physical tests and we identified the predictive factors of success in ODT. RESULTS: It was observed that Elite police have a Vigorous Physical Activity level (87.9 %), a good Fitness level, and a good body composition (10 to 20 % MG, 82% of the sample) even in comparison with the international police panorama. There was also a strong negative correlation between the fitness variables and the circuit time, i.e. the higher the fitness level, the shorter the time in performing the ODT circuit. The use of PPE results in performance losses by about 25% (p < 0.01). Applying multiple linear regression we reached the equation, Performance in ODT Circuit with VTOP = 185.87 – (2969 * No. Bars) + (15.777 * T Test) - (1.732 * FPM_D) showing that the maximum number of repetitions of push-ups on the beam, the performance in the agility test (T Test) and the right hand FPM values explain the performance variation up to 46.2%. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the use of PPE causes significant losses in the performance of Elite Police operatives, affecting them in their police work

Response to oxidative stress induced by cadmium and copper in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) engineered with the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (AtTPS1)

The response of tobacco plants genetically engineered with the AtTPS1 gene to stress induced by excess Cu and Cd was evaluated in hydroponic solution (100 and 400 lM Cu and 50 and 200 lM Cd) after a 48 h exposure. Two transgenic lines, transformed with the AtTPS1 (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase) gene from Arabidopsis, with different levels of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase expression (B5H, higher and B1F, lower), and a wild type (WT) were investigated. Protein content, antioxidative enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, and APX), glucose, fructose, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and Cd and Cu contents were determined in leaves. The two transgenic lines were differently influenced by Cd and Cu exposure as they induced a different antioxidant enzymatic defense response. B1F and B5H plants showed a better acclimation to Cd and excess Cu compared to WT. Furthermore B1F was more tolerant than B5H to Cd and excess Cu. B1F accumulated less Cd and Cu in leaves, probably due to a more efficient exclusion mechanism. Catalase was shown to be the most important enzyme in the antioxidative system of these plants

Metamitron and Shade Effects on Leaf Physiology and Thinning Efficacy of Malus × domestica Borkh

Thinning strategies, namely shade or photosynthetic inhibitors, rely on the reduction of carbon supply to the fruit below the demand, causing fruit abscission. In order to clarify the subject, seven field trials were carried out in Lleida, Girona, and Sint-Truiden (2017 + 2018), using orchards of ‘Golden’ and ‘Gala’ apple trees. At the stage of 9–14-mm fruit diameter, four treatments were implemented: (A) CTR-control, trees under natural environmental conditions; (B) SN-shaded trees, trees above which shading nets reducing 50% of irradiance were installed 24 h after metamitron application date—without application of metamitron—and removed after five days; (C) MET-trees sprayed with 247.5 ppm of metamitron; (D) MET + SN-trees submitted to the combined exposure to metamitron application and shading nets. Low radiation significantly increased metamitron absorption (36–53% in the three locations in 2018) and reduced its degradation. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were strongly reduced in all treatments, with minimum values 2 days after spraying (DAS) and incomplete recovery 10 DAS in MET + SN. All treatments resulted in leaf sucrose and sorbitol decreases, leading to a negative carbon balance. SN and MET + SN promoted the highest thinning efficacy, increasing fruit weight and size, with MET + SN causing over-thinning in some trials. Leaf antioxidant enzymes showed moderate changes in activity increases under MET or MET + SN, accompanied by a rise of glutathione content and a reduction in ascorbate, however without lipid peroxidation. This work shows that environmental conditions, such as cloudy days, must be carefully considered upon metamitron application, since the low irradiance enhances metamitron efficacy and may cause over-thinninginfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EAIR 41st Annual Forum in Leiden, The Netherlands 25 till 28 August 2019

Trabalho apresentado em EAIR 41st Annual Forum, 25-28 agosto 2019, Leiden, Países Baixos.Polytechnic Institutes in Portugal: research on the impact of twelve institutes on the local economy Higher Education Institutions are recognized as important actors in regional development. The Portuguese higher education system comprises both Universities and Polytechnic Institutes, which face an increasing pressure to demonstrate that their presence has an impact on the surrounding communities contributing to their economic development. This paper presents the estimation of the economic impact of twelve Polytechnic Institutes, located in quite diverse regions, based on a shared model so that comparisons have a collective framework of analysis. The main results obtained show that the economic impact ranged from 1.8% to 10.6% of the local GDP and that these Institutes are major local employers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Medidas pVT de misturas gasosas ginarias e altas pressoes e temperaturas

An automated high temperature pVt apparatus, based on the isochoric method, was built, which allows the study of both pure gases and their mixtures at temperatures up to 573 K and pressures up to 69 MPa. In order to test the apparatus, pVT measurements were carried out on pure nitrogen, methane and argon, in the temperature range of 423 to 573K and pressures up to 66 MPa. Four pseudo-isochores were determined for each fluid, totalling 40pVT points. The estimated uncertainty for the measured densities is 0,1%. The comparision of the experimental densities with those calculated by highly accurate equations of state and other selected experimental results confirmed the correct operation of the apparatus. Other pVT measurements were carried out on three mixtures of different compositions for each of the binary systems, nitrogen/methane and argon/methane. Again, four pseudo-isochores were measured for each mixture, totalling 120 pVt points for each binary system. The experimental densities were compared with those calculated by several equatinos of state and by a model based on the extended corresponding states principle. A new equation was also determined, based on the fitting of pVT data from an equimolar notrogen/methane mixture in a wide range of experimental conditions. The equation, obtained using a method that optimises both its coefficients and its structure, has 18 parameters, and allows the calculation of densities with an uncertainty of 0,2%Available from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Servico de Informacao e Documentacao, Av. D. Carlos I, 126, 1200 Lisboa / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga

Stored Grain Protection: cases studies in Portugal: Presentation

Considering the edibility of insects’ species associated with storage ecosystem, chemical control methods can be easily replaced by environmental and economically sustainable alternatives. Use of biogenerated atmospheres is an inexpensive method that tolerates insect presence. In Portugal, during one year, hermetic bags were used to store paddy under 65-75-85% relative humidity (RH) and 14-17-24ºC temperatures. Brown rice infested with Sitophilus zeamais adults was placed inside the hermetic bags. Biogenerated atmosphere was naturally produced inside the hermetic bag, at 85% RH, with low O2 and high CO2 contents, showing that S. zeamais can survive but has no progeny at 14º-17ºC, or attained 100% mortality before producing progeny at 24ºC. The most abundant fungi isolated were Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. The results showed the importance of the RH on changes in atmospheric gas content of paddy, due to biological agents’ activity. Analysing the edibility of insects species associated with stored grain, preliminary studies were carried out to evaluate the nutritional value of immatures stages of Tribolium castaneum. Larvae of T. castaneum had a content of 21.4% protein, 9.1% lipids, 8.8% fiber, and a relevant content of eight essential amino acids and also manganese and copper. The edibility of insects must be consider given their high nutritional value, low emissions of Green House Gases (GHGs), low requirements for land, and by reducing and mitigating the need for chemical control.Considering the edibility of insects’ species associated with storage ecosystem, chemical control methods can be easily replaced by environmental and economically sustainable alternatives. Use of biogenerated atmospheres is an inexpensive method that tolerates insect presence. In Portugal, during one year, hermetic bags were used to store paddy under 65-75-85% relative humidity (RH) and 14-17-24ºC temperatures. Brown rice infested with Sitophilus zeamais adults was placed inside the hermetic bags. Biogenerated atmosphere was naturally produced inside the hermetic bag, at 85% RH, with low O2 and high CO2 contents, showing that S. zeamais can survive but has no progeny at 14º-17ºC, or attained 100% mortality before producing progeny at 24ºC. The most abundant fungi isolated were Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. The results showed the importance of the RH on changes in atmospheric gas content of paddy, due to biological agents’ activity. Analysing the edibility of insects species associated with stored grain, preliminary studies were carried out to evaluate the nutritional value of immatures stages of Tribolium castaneum. Larvae of T. castaneum had a content of 21.4% protein, 9.1% lipids, 8.8% fiber, and a relevant content of eight essential amino acids and also manganese and copper. The edibility of insects must be consider given their high nutritional value, low emissions of Green House Gases (GHGs), low requirements for land, and by reducing and mitigating the need for chemical control

Metamitron and Shade Effects on Leaf Physiology and Thinning Efficacy of Malus × domestica Borkh

Thinning strategies, namely shade or photosynthetic inhibitors, rely on the reduction of carbon supply to the fruit below the demand, causing fruit abscission. In order to clarify the subject, seven field trials were carried out in Lleida, Girona, and Sint-Truiden (2017 + 2018), using orchards of &lsquo;Golden&rsquo; and &lsquo;Gala&rsquo; apple trees. At the stage of 9&ndash;14-mm fruit diameter, four treatments were implemented: (A) CTR-control, trees under natural environmental conditions; (B) SN-shaded trees, trees above which shading nets reducing 50% of irradiance were installed 24 h after metamitron application date&mdash;without application of metamitron&mdash;and removed after five days; (C) MET-trees sprayed with 247.5 ppm of metamitron; (D) MET + SN-trees submitted to the combined exposure to metamitron application and shading nets. Low radiation significantly increased metamitron absorption (36&ndash;53% in the three locations in 2018) and reduced its degradation. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were strongly reduced in all treatments, with minimum values 2 days after spraying (DAS) and incomplete recovery 10 DAS in MET + SN. All treatments resulted in leaf sucrose and sorbitol decreases, leading to a negative carbon balance. SN and MET + SN promoted the highest thinning efficacy, increasing fruit weight and size, with MET + SN causing over-thinning in some trials. Leaf antioxidant enzymes showed moderate changes in activity increases under MET or MET + SN, accompanied by a rise of glutathione content and a reduction in ascorbate, however without lipid peroxidation. This work shows that environmental conditions, such as cloudy days, must be carefully considered upon metamitron application, since the low irradiance enhances metamitron efficacy and may cause over-thinning

Mineral Content of Liver of Buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) Reared in Different Ecosystems in the Eastern Amazon

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different production ecosystems, three in native and cultivated pastures (extensive), at two seasons of the year (dry and rainy), and one in confinement (intensive) in the Eastern Amazon, on the mineral content of buffalo liver raised on these ecosystems. Twelve male buffalo (n = 12), aged between 24 and 36 months, slaughtered in commercial slaughterhouses, were used in each of the ecosystems considered: Marajó; Lower Amazon; Cultivated Pasture, and in confinement system, Pará, Brazil. Approximately 5 g of liver was collected, stored and frozen until lyophilization. Samples were analyzed for mineral content based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) readings. The relationship between extensive ecosystems and an intensive production system (p p < 0.05) the mineral values found in the liver of buffaloes raised in the ecosystems, for sodium (Na), K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and barium (Ba). The period of the year interacted with the values of Na, K, S and Cu; however, an interaction of local vs. period of the yer was observed for the values of K, Mg, P, S and Cu. It can be concluded that the buffalo liver is an excellent source of minerals and can be included in the human diet and that the ecosystem the animals are raised influences its content

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Uma abordagem ao impacto dos institutos politécnicos em Portugal 2017

Neste relatório apresentam-se os resultados obtidos com um estudo conduzido por uma equipa envolvendo parceiros de diferentes instituições, com o objetivo de medir o impacto económico de um conjunto de Institutos Politécnicos, situados em diferentes regiões do país, com contextos socioeconómicos diversos e distinta capacidade de atração de estudantes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio