Campylobacter coli in Organic and Conventional Pig Production in France and Sweden: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli in conventional and organic pigs from France and Sweden. Fecal or colon samples were collected at farms or at slaughterhouses and cultured for Campylobacter. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin were determined by microdilution for a total of 263 French strains from 114 pigs from 50 different farms and 82 Swedish strains from 144 pigs from 54 different farms. Erythromycin resistant isolates were examined for presence of the emerging rRNA methylase erm(B) gene. The study showed that within the colon samples obtained in each country there was no significant difference in prevalence of Campylobacter between pigs in organic and conventional productions [France: conventional: 43/58 (74%); organic: 43/56 (77%) and Sweden: conventional: 24/36 (67%); organic: 20/36 (56%)]. In France, but not in Sweden, significant differences of percentages of resistant isolates were associated with production type (tetracycline, erythromycin) and the number of resistances was significantly higher for isolates from conventional pigs. In Sweden, the number of resistances of fecal isolates was significantly higher compared to colon isolates. The erm(B) gene was not detected in the 87 erythromycin resistant strains tested

Endovascular Treatment of Atherosclerotic Tandem Occlusions in Anterior Circulation Stroke: Technical Aspects and Complications Compared to Isolated Intracranial Occlusions

Background and Purpose: Endovascular treatment of tandem occlusions is an emerging option. We describe our multicenter experience with endovascular management of atherosclerotic tandem occlusions in the anterior circulation, particularly the technical aspects and complications in comparison to isolated intracranial occlusions.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with tandem occlusions due to atherosclerotic causes who underwent mechanical thrombectomy at two major stroke centers between January 2010 and September 2015 were reviewed. Clinical data, procedural aspects, recanalization rates, complication rates, and clinical outcome were analyzed and compared to findings in patients with isolated intracranial occlusions.Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients with tandem occlusions and 456 patients with isolated intracranial occlusions (carotid-T/M1) were included. Mean intervention time was faster (33 min vs. 57 min, p < 0.001) and recanalization success was higher (TICI 2b/3 83.6 vs. 70.2%, p = 0.002) in patients with isolated occlusions. No difference was seen in clinical outcome and complications, except for a higher rate of asymptomatic hemorrhage in the tandem group (29.8 vs. 17.1%, p = 0.003). Choice of recanalization approach (antegrade vs. retrograde) in the tandem group made no difference, except for a trend toward less distal emboli using the retrograde approach (4.0 vs. 13.0%, p = 0.082). Stenting of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) was performed in 81%, PTA alone in 7.4%, and deferred stenting in 11.6%. Rate of stent/ICA occlusion within 7 days was 10.3% after stenting and 33.3% after PTA (p = 0.127). In the tandem group, age (p = 0.034), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) at admission (p = 0.002), recanalization rate (p < 0.001), complications (p = 0.016), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (p = 0.001) were associated with poor outcome, whereas extracranial treatment modality and stent/ICA occlusion within 7 days did not affect outcome.Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of tandem occlusions is technically feasible, achieves recanalization rates and rates of good clinical outcome comparable to those in patients with isolated intracranial occlusions. Following acute ICA stenting, the risk of stent occlusion and sICH appeared to be low, but was associated with an increased rate of asymptomatic ICH

Analysis of the efficiency of African countries through their Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity

[EN] Population inequality and climate change are two of the factors that aremost disruptive to the ecological balance; accordingly, there have been countless studies in recent years focusing on analysing the Ecological Footprint (EF) and Biocapacity (BC). The markedly disparate characteristics of African countries have motivated the choice of this geographic area as the focus of the research. First, this study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate the efficiency of 45 African countries, taking their EF and country size as determinants of the level of production. Second, the effect of time on EF and BC is analysed using Ordinary Least Squares estimation, in order to determine possible trends in both variables and to drawconclusions that indicate themost appropriate environmental policies to adopt. The results reveal similar efficiency levels between one group of countrieswith ecological deficits and anotherwith ecological surpluses. Also, the countries that have a deficit in terms of BC, but a level of resource consumption appropriate to their production volume, need to introduce technological advances that foster sustainable economic development, helping them to adapt to their existing BC. In addition, by incorporating innovative technologies, these countries should be able to transform their existing overpopulation problem into a potential labour force that fosters their sustainable growth.Martí Selva, ML.; Puertas Medina, RM. (2020). Analysis of the efficiency of African countries through their Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity. The Science of The Total Environment. (722):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137504S112722Al-mulali Usama, & Binti Che Sab, C. N. (2012). The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the economic growth and financial development in the Sub Saharan African countries. Energy, 39(1), 180-186. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.032Al-Mulali, U., & Ozturk, I. (2015). The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region. Energy, 84, 382-389. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.004Anand, A., Winfred Rufuss, D. D., Rajkumar, V., & Suganthi, L. (2017). Evaluation of Sustainability Indicators in Smart Cities for India Using MCDM Approach. Energy Procedia, 141, 211-215. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.094Aydin, C., Esen, Ö., & Aydin, R. (2019). Is the ecological footprint related to the Kuznets curve a real process or rationalizing the ecological consequences of the affluence? Evidence from PSTR approach. Ecological Indicators, 98, 543-555. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.034Bagliani, M., Bravo, G., & Dalmazzone, S. (2008). A consumption-based approach to environmental Kuznets curves using the ecological footprint indicator. Ecological Economics, 65(3), 650-661. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.01.010Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092. doi:10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078Bekun, F. V., Emir, F., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Another look at the relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth in South Africa. Science of The Total Environment, 655, 759-765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.271Bugri, J. T. (2008). The dynamics of tenure security, agricultural production and environmental degradation in Africa: Evidence from stakeholders in north-east Ghana. Land Use Policy, 25(2), 271-285. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.08.002Carlucci, F., Cirà, A., & Coccorese, P. (2018). Measuring and Explaining Airport Efficiency and Sustainability: Evidence from Italy. Sustainability, 10(2), 400. doi:10.3390/su10020400Chang, M.-C. (2015). Room for improvement in low carbon economies of G7 and BRICS countries based on the analysis of energy efficiency and environmental Kuznets curves. Journal of Cleaner Production, 99, 140-151. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.002Charfeddine, L., & Mrabet, Z. (2017). The impact of economic development and social-political factors on ecological footprint: A panel data analysis for 15 MENA countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 138-154. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.031Chen, X., & Gong, Z. (2017). DEA Efficiency of Energy Consumption in China’s Manufacturing Sectors with Environmental Regulation Policy Constraints. Sustainability, 9(2), 210. doi:10.3390/su9020210Fu, W., Turner, J. C., Zhao, J., & Du, G. (2015). Ecological footprint (EF): An expanded role in calculating resource productivity (RP) using China and the G20 member countries as examples. Ecological Indicators, 48, 464-471. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.023Galli, A., Kitzes, J., Niccolucci, V., Wackernagel, M., Wada, Y., & Marchettini, N. (2012). Assessing the global environmental consequences of economic growth through the Ecological Footprint: A focus on China and India. Ecological Indicators, 17, 99-107. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.022Hernández-Sancho, F., Molinos-Senante, M., & Sala-Garrido, R. (2011). Energy efficiency in Spanish wastewater treatment plants: A non-radial DEA approach. Science of The Total Environment, 409(14), 2693-2699. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.018Jaafar, H., Mourad, R., & Daghir, N. (2019). Dataset used for assessing animal and poultry production water footprint in selected countries of the MENA region. Data in Brief, 27, 104621. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2019.104621Jorgenson, A. K., & Burns, T. J. (2007). The political-economic causes of change in the ecological footprints of nations, 1991–2001: A quantitative investigation. Social Science Research, 36(2), 834-853. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.06.003Shokri Kahi, V., Yousefi, S., Shabanpour, H., & Farzipoor Saen, R. (2017). How to evaluate sustainability of supply chains? A dynamic network DEA approach. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(9), 1866-1889. doi:10.1108/imds-09-2016-0389Lacko, R., & Hajduová, Z. (2018). Determinants of Environmental Efficiency of the EU Countries Using Two-Step DEA Approach. Sustainability, 10(10), 3525. doi:10.3390/su10103525Li, H., Dong, K., Sun, R., Yu, J., & Xu, J. (2017). Sustainability Assessment of Refining Enterprises Using a DEA-Based Model. Sustainability, 9(4), 620. doi:10.3390/su9040620Li, M., Mi, Z., Coffman, D., & Wei, Y.-M. (2018). Assessing the policy impacts on non-ferrous metals industry’s CO2 reduction: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 252-261. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.015Liu, J., Liu, H., Yao, X.-L., & Liu, Y. (2016). Evaluating the sustainability impact of consolidation policy in China’s coal mining industry: a data envelopment analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2969-2976. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.011Mzoughi, N. (2011). Farmers adoption of integrated crop protection and organic farming: Do moral and social concerns matter? Ecological Economics, 70(8), 1536-1545. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.016Niccolucci, V., Tiezzi, E., Pulselli, F. M., & Capineri, C. (2012). Biocapacity vs Ecological Footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation. Ecological Indicators, 16, 23-30. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.002Olanipekun, I. O., Olasehinde-Williams, G. O., & Alao, R. O. (2019). Agriculture and environmental degradation in Africa: The role of income. Science of The Total Environment, 692, 60-67. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.129Oppon, E., Acquaye, A., Ibn-Mohammed, T., & Koh, L. (2018). Modelling Multi-regional Ecological Exchanges: The Case of UK and Africa. Ecological Economics, 147, 422-435. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.030Owusu-Sekyere, E., Jordaan, H., & Chouchane, H. (2017). Evaluation of water footprint and economic water productivities of dairy products of South Africa. Ecological Indicators, 83, 32-40. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.07.041Ozcan, B., Ulucak, R., & Dogan, E. (2019). Analyzing long lasting effects of environmental policies: Evidence from low, middle and high income economies. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 130-143. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.025Ozturk, I., Al-Mulali, U., & Saboori, B. (2015). Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the role of tourism and ecological footprint. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2), 1916-1928. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5447-xRauf, A., Liu, X., Amin, W., Ozturk, I., Rehman, O., & Sarwar, S. (2018). Energy and Ecological Sustainability: Challenges and Panoramas in Belt and Road Initiative Countries. Sustainability, 10(8), 2743. doi:10.3390/su10082743Rees, W. E. (1992). Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out. Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 121-130. doi:10.1177/095624789200400212Rudolph, A., & Figge, L. (2017). Determinants of Ecological Footprints: What is the role of globalization? Ecological Indicators, 81, 348-361. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.060Solarin, S. A., & Bello, M. O. (2018). Persistence of policy shocks to an environmental degradation index: The case of ecological footprint in 128 developed and developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 89, 35-44. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.064Sun, M., Wang, Y., Shi, L., & Klemeš, J. J. (2018). Uncovering energy use, carbon emissions and environmental burdens of pulp and paper industry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 92, 823-833. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.036Ulucak, R., & Apergis, N. (2018). Does convergence really matter for the environment? An application based on club convergence and on the ecological footprint concept for the EU countries. Environmental Science & Policy, 80, 21-27. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2017.11.002Ulucak, R., & Lin, D. (2017). Persistence of policy shocks to Ecological Footprint of the USA. Ecological Indicators, 80, 337-343. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.020Venter, O., Sanderson, E. W., Magrach, A., Allan, J. R., Beher, J., Jones, K. R., … Watson, J. E. M. (2016). Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nature Communications, 7(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms12558Wackernagel, M., Onisto, L., Bello, P., Callejas Linares, A., Susana López Falfán, I., Méndez Garcı́a, J., … Guadalupe Suárez Guerrero, M. (1999). National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept. Ecological Economics, 29(3), 375-390. doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(98)90063-5Wang, K., Lu, B., & Wei, Y.-M. (2013). China’s regional energy and environmental efficiency: A Range-Adjusted Measure based analysis. Applied Energy, 112, 1403-1415. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.021White, T. J. (2007). Sharing resources: The global distribution of the Ecological Footprint. Ecological Economics, 64(2), 402-410. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.024Yang, W.-C., Lee, Y.-M., & Hu, J.-L. (2016). Urban sustainability assessment of Taiwan based on data envelopment analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 341-353. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.015Yilanci, V., Gorus, M. S., & Aydin, M. (2019). Are shocks to ecological footprint in OECD countries permanent or temporary? Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 270-301. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.299Zeng, S., Nan, X., Liu, C., & Chen, J. (2017). The response of the Beijing carbon emissions allowance price (BJC) to macroeconomic and energy price indices. Energy Policy, 106, 111-121. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.046Zeng, S., Jiang, C., Ma, C., & Su, B. (2018). Investment efficiency of the new energy industry in China. Energy Economics, 70, 536-544. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2017.12.023Zhang, N., Kong, F., & Choi, Y. (2014). Measuring sustainability performance for China: A sequential generalized directional distance function approach. Economic Modelling, 41, 392-397. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2014.05.038Zhou, H., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhu, J. (2018). Data envelopment analysis application in sustainability: The origins, development and future directions. European Journal of Operational Research, 264(1), 1-16. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2017.06.02

Compte-rendu de la journée d’étude « Qualité de vie et cohésion au travail »

Les élèves conservatrices et conservateurs promus DCB30 proposent un retour sur la journée d’étude consacrée à la qualité de vie et cohésion au travail qu’ils ont organisée le 21 mai 2021. Cette journée s’est déclinée autour de deux conférences introductives sur le thème de la qualité de vie au travail, des ateliers pour permettre à de futurs cadres de réfléchir et de mettre en place des actions relatives à ces thèmes et enfin des retours d’expériences

Risk of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke after convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: international individual patient data pooled analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency, time-course and predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), recurrent convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH), and ischemic stroke after cSAH associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and international individual patient-data pooled analysis in patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA diagnosed on baseline MRI using the modified Boston criteria. We used Cox proportional hazards models with a frailty term to account for between-cohort differences. RESULTS: We included 190 patients (mean age 74.5 years; 45.3% female) from 13 centers with 385 patient-years of follow-up (median 1.4 years). The risks of each outcome (per patient-year) were: ICH 13.2% (95% CI 9.9-17.4); recurrent cSAH 11.1% (95% CI 7.9-15.2); combined ICH, cSAH, or both 21.4% (95% CI 16.7-26.9), ischemic stroke 5.1% (95% CI 3.1-8) and death 8.3% (95% CI 5.6-11.8). In multivariable models, there is evidence that patients with probable CAA (compared to possible CAA) had a higher risk of ICH (HR 8.45, 95% CI 1.13-75.5, p = 0.02) and cSAH (HR 3.66, 95% CI 0.84-15.9, p = 0.08) but not ischemic stroke (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.17-1.82, p = 0.33) or mortality (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.16-1.78, p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA have high risk of future ICH and recurrent cSAH. Convexity SAH associated with probable (vs possible) CAA is associated with increased risk of ICH, and cSAH but not ischemic stroke. Our data provide precise risk estimates for key vascular events after cSAH associated with CAA which can inform management decisions

Risk of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke after convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy : international individual patient data pooled analysis

Altres ajuts: JF reports grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grants from Fundació Marató TV3, grants from NIH, grants from Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya.To investigate the frequency, time-course and predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), recurrent convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH), and ischemic stroke after cSAH associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We performed a systematic review and international individual patient-data pooled analysis in patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA diagnosed on baseline MRI using the modified Boston criteria. We used Cox proportional hazards models with a frailty term to account for between-cohort differences. We included 190 patients (mean age 74.5 years; 45.3% female) from 13 centers with 385 patient-years of follow-up (median 1.4 years). The risks of each outcome (per patient-year) were: ICH 13.2% (95% CI 9.9-17.4); recurrent cSAH 11.1% (95% CI 7.9-15.2); combined ICH, cSAH, or both 21.4% (95% CI 16.7-26.9), ischemic stroke 5.1% (95% CI 3.1-8) and death 8.3% (95% CI 5.6-11.8). In multivariable models, there is evidence that patients with probable CAA (compared to possible CAA) had a higher risk of ICH (HR 8.45, 95% CI 1.13-75.5, p = 0.02) and cSAH (HR 3.66, 95% CI 0.84-15.9, p = 0.08) but not ischemic stroke (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.17-1.82, p = 0.33) or mortality (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.16-1.78, p = 0.31). Patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA have high risk of future ICH and recurrent cSAH. Convexity SAH associated with probable (vs possible) CAA is associated with increased risk of ICH, and cSAH but not ischemic stroke. Our data provide precise risk estimates for key vascular events after cSAH associated with CAA which can inform management decisions. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10706-3

Etude de l'impact de probiotique sur la réduction d'Escherichia coli résistant aux céphalosporines de troisième génération dans le microbiote intestinal porcin

Les antibiotiques sont utilisés depuis de nombreuses années chez les animaux ainsi que chez l’homme entrainant une augmentation de l'antibiorésistance. Parmi les antibiotiques jugés critiques pour la santé humaine, figurent les céphalosporines de troisième génération (C3G). A partir des années 2000, des Entérobactéries résistantes aux C3G ont été détectées chez les animaux. L’émergence de ces Entérobactéries résistantes est souvent due à l’acquisition de gènes codant pour la production de β-lactamases à spectre étendu (BLSE). Ces souches productrices de BLSE peuvent être pathogènes pour l’animal ou être simplement présentes dans le microbiote intestinal. Des études en France ou à l’étranger ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence d’ E. coli résistants aux C3G chez le porc ou chez les volailles, en élevage ou à l’abattoir ainsi que dans des denrées alimentaires d’origine animale, du fait de contaminations par des matières fécales des carcasses à l’abattoir. Ces bactéries résistantes risquent également de contaminer l’environnement lors de l’épandage de lisier ou de fumier. La résistance aux C3G est donc, non seulement une menace pour la santé animale, mais est également devenue un problème majeur de santé publique.Ce projet a pour but de contrecarrer la sélection d’E. coli résistants aux C3G dans le microbiote intestinal des porcs, en leur administrant des probiotiques. Pour cela, trois protocoles expérimentaux ont été réalisés sur des porcs exempts d’organismes pathogènes spécifiés. Ces porcs ont été dans un premier temps inoculés par voie orale avec une souche E. coli résistant aux C3G (E. coli M63), inoculation suivie ou non de l’administration d’une souche d’E. coli non résistante et fortement colonisatrice, utilisée comme probiotique, ici E. coli ED1a ou E. coli Nissle.Globalement, dans nos conditions expérimentales, nous avons constaté que l’administration d’E. coli ED1a, réduisait l’excrétion de souches résistantes mais seulement pendant la durée du traitement.Malgré ces résultats décevants, les essais ont permis de développer un modèle de portage d’une souche de E. coli résistante aux C3G et de mettre en évidence la bonne implantation des deux souches de probiotiques et leur apparente capacité à être réfractaire à l’acquisition du plasmide de résistance aux C3G de la souche M63

Bound On The Extreme Zeros Of Orthogonal Polynomials

Using chain sequences we formulate a procedure to find upper (lower) bounds for the largest (smallest) zero of orthogonal polynomials in terms of their recurrence coefficients. We also apply our method to derive bounds for extreme zeros of the Laguerre, associated Laguerre, Meixner, and Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials. In addition, we consider bounds for the extreme zeros of Jacobi polynomials of degree n and parameters an and bn. © 1992 American Mathematical Society