Conservation Units and Sustainable Development Goals: An Examination of the Private Natural Heritage Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo in Brazil

The 2030 Agenda is a global action plan presented by the United Nations (UN) that establishes Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs. Conservation Units (UC) are an important element of the strategy towards nature conservation. Starting from a local approach to critically analyze these issues of global relevance, the focus of the investigation is the Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo  Natural Heritage, a private conservation unit located in the municipality of Pirambu in the state of Sergipe and the community surrounding the Lagoa Redonda settlement. The study aimed to analyze the perception of the owner and the community regarding the environment, RPPN, and SDGs in order to build a critical approach to the issues that interconnect nature conservation and sustainable development. The methodology is based on the interview with the owner and a focus group with the community, carried out between January and March 2020. Following these interviews, it was ascertained that there is a divergence in how public and private lands are understood by locals: Private lands are exclusively associated with production, whilst public land is associated with conservation. Community representatives do not recognize RPPN as a conservation area, with those associated objectives. Yet, debates on the environment and sustainable development intertwined with nature conservation are recognized by everyone as a priority. In the end, it is possible to recognize the importance of strengthening a space for coexistence between the local population and the RPPN in order to implement common and transformative actions in favor of conservation, and sustainable development

USE OF X-RAYS AND QGIS® SOFTWARE TO EVALUATE DETERIORATED WOOD IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

The objective of this work was to propose a nondestructive method to identify and quantify the damage caused by marine borers in wood structures. First, a test specimen was submerged in an estuarine environment for 120 days. Radiography was then applied to detect and evaluate the attack by marine borers. Two methods of evaluation were performed with the images to compare them. The first assessment was carried out using the QGIS® geoprocessing program for the treatment of images as a tool, which made it possible to identify and quantify the damage (in cm²). The second evaluation followed the method indicated in EN 275 (1992), which suggests a visual assessment, based on X-ray images, classified according to a template provided in the standard. Although the method using the image treatment by QGIS® is an estimate, it has the advantage of providing a numerical result, in contrast to the visual analysis, which is not as accurate due to its subjectivity. Besides this, the treatment of the images allowed good visualization of the damage to the specimen. The findings indicated that QGIS® can be used as a complement to the method proposed by EN 275 (1992)

Schistosomiasis mansoni in urban Northeast Brazil: influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria sp.

Introduction Our objective was to evaluate the influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria in a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis in Aracaju, Brazil, during 2009-2010. Methods Snails were collected monthly and were counted, measured and identified; the level of infection and fecal contamination at the sampling sites was determined; rainfall data were obtained. Results High levels of fecal contamination were observed, and the abundance of Biomphalaria glabrata increased during the rainy and post-rainy seasons. The snails' size was variable, and infected snails were identified independently of rainfall. Conclusions These results provide evidence of anthropogenic and climate interference in an urban focus of schistosomiasis in the Aracaju metropolitan area.65465

Detecção de HPV utilizando iniciadores MY09/MY11 e GP5+/GP6+ em pacientes com alterações citológicas e/ou colposcópicas

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common diseases among women, and cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Considering that cervical cancer is an important neoplasia in northeastern Brazil, and the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is directly associated with it, this work had aimed to correlate the cytological and/or colposcopic findings with HPV infection status, and verify the performance of MY09/MY11 and GP5+/6+ primers for HPV detection. Material and method: Patients in this study were from Penedo-AL, a city with high level of poverty (poverty rate of 60.62%). Out of 70 patients with cytological and/or colposcopic changes, 32 agreed to participate in the study. Results: Regarding cytology, 21 (30%) patients presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US); 20 (29%), atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS); 12 (17%), low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); five (7%), high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and 12 (17%), positive colposcopy. From these, 27 (84%) presented the band gene encoding for human ß-globin. From the 27 patients, eight (30%) were positive for HPV. The results showed that the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of HPV was detected in 15% and 30% by using MY-PCR and GP +-PCR, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that more than one type of oligonucleotide primer should be used in clinical samples to increase sensitivity for the detection of HPV504280285Introdução: O câncer cervical é uma das doenças mais frequentes entre mulheres, e causa considerável morbidade e mortalidade. Com base nos fatos de que o câncer cervical é uma neoplasia importante no nordeste brasileiro, e que a prevalência do papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco está diretamente associado a ele, este trabalho teve como objetivos correlacionar os achados citológicos e/ou colposcópicos com status de infecção de HPV e verificar o desempenho dos iniciadores MY09/MY11 e GP5+/GP6+ para detecção do HPV. Material e métodos: Os pacientes deste estudo foram de Penedo-AL, uma cidade com elevado nível de pobreza (índice de pobreza de 60,62%). Do total de 70 pacientes com alterações citológicas e/ou colposcópicas, 32 aceitaram participar do estudo. Resultados: Com relação a citologia, 21 (30%) pacientes apresentaram células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US); 20 (29%), células glandulares atípicas de significado indeterminado (AGUS); 12 (17%), lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau (LSIL); cinco (7%), lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL); e 12 (17%), colposcopia positiva. Destas, 27 (84%) apresentaram banda do gene que codifica para ß-globina humana. Das 27 pacientes, oito (30%) apresentaram positividade para o HPV. Os resultados mostraram que o ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) do HPV foi detectado em 15% e 30%, usando MY-PCR e GP +-PCR, respectivamente. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que mais de um tipo de iniciador de oligonucleotídeo deve ser utilizado em amostras clínicas para aumentar a sensibilidade na detecção do HPVsem informaçã

Type of light in sand fly captures (diptera:psychodidae)

The number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil has been gradually increasing, and one of the strategies to reduce the transmission of this disease is based on the control of the adult forms of its vectors. It is therefore of great epidemiological importance to develop more refined methods for monitoring and controlling its vectors, which are the phlebotomine sand flies, or biting midges. The present study compares the attraction exercised by UV light in comparison with conventional incandescent, or white, light in catching phlebotomine sand flies. Traps baited with UV light caught higher numbers of these flies than traps baited with white light, indicating the potential use of UV light, especially in locations of low demographic density of the flies

Elaboração, aceitabilidade e avaliação da composição nutricional de uma receita de bolinho de taioba, uma panc (planta alimentícia não convencional)/ Preparation, acceptability and evaluation of the nutritional composition of a taioba cookie recipe, a panc (unconventional food plant)

A alimentação do brasileiro é baseada em uma pequena parcela de alimentos, juntamente com uma substituição da alimentação natural da terra por um alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. O país apresenta uma situação em que cada vez mais se perde a rica diversidade de fauna e flora, tendo como consequência grande parte das espécies botânicas desconhecidas pela população. As Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC’s) estão entre essas espécies, o aumento do conhecimento e a utilização dessas plantas na culinária são boas opções para proteção da saúde e do meio ambiente, por crescerem espontaneamente sem a utilização de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes. A Taioba é uma planta brasileira incluída nesse grupo, apresenta elevado valor nutricional, fonte de ferro, pode se comer as folhas, talo e raiz sendo facilmente adicionada em receitas do dia-a-dia. Assim o objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar e verificar a aceitabilidade quanto ao sabor, cor, textura e aroma de uma receita a base da Taioba uma planta alimentícia não convencional. Foi realizada a preparação de um bolinho de Taioba no Laboratório de Habilidades Culinárias do Centro Universitário de Brasília, Campus Asa Norte, onde foi preparada a receita ao mesmo tempo da realização da Ficha Técnica de Preparação utilizando os dados da Tabela Brasileira de composição de alimentos (TACO). O teste de aceitação de atributos (aparência, aroma, sabor e textura) foi realizado por uma equipe composta por 30 julgadores não treinados, voluntários de ambos os sexos. Cada julgador recebeu uma unidade de bolinho e respondeu ao Teste Afetivo que expressa o grau de gostar ou desgostar do produto quanto a impressão de características como aparência, aroma, textura e sabor. As fichas são compostas por escala hedônica estruturada de cinco pontos, abrangendo de “desgostei muito” (nota 1) a “gostei muito” (nota 5).  A amostra foi composta por 24 (80%) mulheres e 6 (20%) homens. A partir dos resultados foi possível concluir que a preparação foi bem avaliada pelos julgadores, tendo como principal resultado em relação ao sabor 50% (n=15) deram nota 5 e a aparência foi obtido que 50% (n=15) deram nota 4. No geral foram obtidos bons resultados, a receita foi bem aceita e relatada que poucos há conheciam. Os participantes demonstraram interesse e curiosidade sobre a Taioba. Assim também, a ficha técnica de preparação da receita de bolinho de Taioba (20g) mostrou um produto com boa fonte de proteína 2,4g, fibra alimentar 0,9g, cálcio 200mg, dentre outros. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a Taioba apresentou boas características nutricionais e teve uma boa aceitação na sua avaliação e na forma de consumo apresentada. Porém por ser uma planta pouco conhecida, precisa ser mais divulgada, tanto entre consumidores quanto entre produtores, com o intuito de ser adicionada as refeições diárias da população

Protocol study for a randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial involving virtual reality and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation for the improvement of upper limb motor function in children with Down syndrome

Introduction Down syndrome results in neuromotor impairment that affects selective motor control, compromising the acquisition of motor skills and functional independence. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate and compare the effects of multiple-monopolar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex during upper limb motor training involving virtual reality on motor control, muscle activity, cerebral activity and functional independence. Methods and analysis A randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial is proposed. The calculation of the sample size will be defined based on the results of a pilot study involving the same methods. The participants will be randomly allocated to two groups. Evaluations will be conducted before and after the intervention as well as 1 month after the end of the intervention process. At each evaluation, three-dimensional analysis of upper limb movement muscle activity will be measured using electromyography, cerebral activity will be measured using an electroencephalogram system and intellectual capacity will be assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Virtual reality training will be performed three times a week (one 20 min session per day) for a total of 10 sessions. During the protocol, transcranial stimulation will be administered concomitantly to upper limb motor training. The results will be analysed statistically, with a p valueâ\u89¤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. Ethical aspects and publicity The present study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Universidade Nove de Julho (Sao Paulo,Brazil) under process number 1.540.113 and is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (N° RBR3PHPXB). The participating institutions have presented a declaration of participation. The volunteers will be permitted to drop out of the study at any time with no negative repercussions. The results will be published and will contribute evidence regarding the use of this type of intervention on children

Biomphalaria species distribution and its effect on human Schistosoma mansoni infection in an irrigated area used for rice cultivation in northeast Brazil

The role of irrigated areas for the spread of schistosomiasis is of worldwide concern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of the intermediate snail host Biomphalaria in an area highly endemic for schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni, evaluating the relationship between irrigation and types of natural water sources on one hand, and the influence of place and time of water exposure on the intensity of human infection on the other. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to map the distribution of the intermediate snail hosts in Ilha das Flores, Sergipe, Brazil, combined with a clinical/epidemiological survey. We observed a direct correlation between the intensity of human infection with S. mansoni and irrigation projects. Malacological studies to identify snail species and infection rates showed that B. glabrata is the main species responsible for human schistosomiasis in the municipality, but that B. straminea also plays a role. Our results provide evidence for a competitive selection between the two snail species in rice fields with a predominance of B. glabrata in irrigation systems and B. straminea in natural water sources

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer