DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA ESCOLA: A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS SERES VIVOS POR MEIO DO PIBID CIÊNCIAS

Scientific dissemination makes it possible to present scientific knowledge to different audiences, in different communication and information channels. During social distancing, the dissemination of science has become a key element for the scientific literacy of children and young people in Basic Education. The objective of this research was to verify how content developed in the format of scientific dissemination can contribute to the educational training of students, especially in remote contexts. Aiming at this purpose, the steps for the formation of a video entitled “classification of living beings” were analyzed, produced by Science Licentiates participating in the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID), at the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema campus, and the application for students of the 7th year of Elementary School of a public school in the city of São Caetano do Sul-SP. It was found that the video, proposed for children and their families, managed to be adopted in the school environment, allowing the development of scientific literacy. The partnership between the public university and the institution of Basic Education contributed to spreading the sciences and presenting them as belonging to reality.   Keywords: Scientific Dissemination in Education. Science. Video.  A divulgação científica permite apresentar o conhecimento científico para diferentes públicos, em diversos meios de comunicação e informação. Durante o distanciamento social, a difusão das ciências tornou-se um elemento primordial para a alfabetização científica de crianças e jovens da Educação Básica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar como um conteúdo desenvolvido no formato de divulgação científica pode contribuir para a formação dos estudantes, principalmente em contextos remotos. Almejando-se este propósito, foram analisadas as etapas para a formação de um vídeo intitulado “classificação dos seres vivos”, produzidos pelos Licenciandos em Ciências participantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, e a aplicação para os alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de São Caetano do Sul-SP. Verificou-se que o vídeo, proposto para as crianças e os seus familiares, conseguiu ser adotado no ambiente escolar, permitindo desenvolver a alfabetização científica. A parceria entre a universidade pública e a instituição da Educação Básica contribuiu para difundir as ciências e apresentá-las como pertencentes à realidade.   Palavras-chave: Divulgação Científica na Educação. Ciências. Vídeo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O ensino de especiação no ensino médio: proposta de estudo através de aves da ordem Passeriformes

As aves fazem parte do cenário urbano das grandes cidades, e podem ser facilmente detectadas visualmente ou por meio de suas vocalizações. A facilidade de observação de aves explica, pelo menos em parte, o fato de serem há séculos excelentes modelos para o estudo da evolução, incluindo o surgimento de novas espécies (ou especiação). As aves da ordem Passeriformes, popularmente conhecidas como pássaros ou aves canoras, figuram entre as mais diversas e abundantes do planeta. Suas plumagens, vocalizações e comportamentos proporcionam oportunidades para o ensino da especiação. A definição de especiação é abordada de diferentes formas nos currículos programáticos e nos materiais didáticos das escolas, principalmente no ensino médio. Contudo, considerando que os fatores evolutivos não são desenvolvidos de forma aprofundada na educação básica, estimular o entendimento sobre especiação é um objetivo ainda a ser alcançado. Aqui desenvolvemos uma proposta para a abordagem do tema especiação com base em as aves canoras de ambientes urbanos. Inicialmente compilamos informações de como os materiais didáticos abordam a especiação. Posteriormente propomos uma atividade baseada na distribuição geográfica dos sabiás do gênero Turdus. Por meio da abordagem qualitativa, realizamos a análise de dois livros didáticos de Biologia aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), em 2008 e 2014 (para a 3ª série e 2ª série, respectivamente), e duas apostilas de biologia para o último ano do ensino médio. Os livros didáticos mencionados, juntamente com uma apostila, discorrem sobre os tipos de especiação e os processos oriundos deste termo, de modo superficial e breve. Uma apostila apresenta questões a serem trabalhadas em sala de aula, mas sem explicar detalhadamente o processo de especiação. Apesar das semelhanças morfológicas entre os pássaros Turdus, estes diferem em aspectos importantes para o isolamento reprodutivo, incluindo características ecológicas, comportamentais, vocalização, plumagem e de divergência molecular. Além disso, uma característica chave é a simpatria entre diferentes espécies do gênero em áreas como a cidade de São Paulo, que é uma evidência esperada quando o processo de especiação se completa. A coexistência de espécies relacionadas em uma mesma área, como no caso dos sabiás, pode ser considerada de acordo com a teoria uma das evidências do isolamento reprodutivo, e, portanto, do processo de especiação. O conceito de especiação, atrelado a exemplos acessíveis do cotidiano, permite que os estudantes entrem em contato com o processo biológico que garantem as diversas manifestações da vida, como também a construção do conhecimento científico nos anos escolares.Birds are part of the urban landscape of large cities, and can be easily detected visually or through their vocalizations. The ease of bird watching explains, at least in part, the fact that for centuries they have been excellent models for the study of evolution, including the emergence of new species (or speciation). The birds of the Passeriformes order, popularly known as birds or songbirds, are among the most diverse and abundant on the planet. Their plumage, vocalizations, and behaviors provide opportunities for teaching speciation. The definition of speciation is addressed in different ways in the curriculum and teaching materials of schools, especially in high school. However, considering that evolutionary factors are not developed in depth in basic education, stimulating the understanding of speciation is a goal yet to be achieved. Here we develop a proposal to approach the theme of speciation based on the songbirds of urban environments. Initially, we compiled information on how the teaching materials approach speciation. Subsequently, we propose an activity based on the geographic distribution of the thrushes of the genus Turdus. Through a qualitative approach, we analyzed two Biology textbooks approved by the National Textbook Program (PNLD), in 2008 and 2014 (for the 3rd and 2nd series, respectively), and two biology textbooks for the last one year of high school. The textbooks mentioned, together with a booklet, discuss the types of speciation and the processes arising from this term, in a superficial and brief way. A handout presents questions to be worked on in the classroom, but without explaining the speciation process in detail. Despite the morphological similarities among species of Turdus, they differ in important aspects for reproductive isolation, including ecological, behavioral, vocalization, plumage and molecular divergence. Furthermore, a key feature is the sympatry among different species of the genus in areas such as the city of São Paulo, which is expected evidence when the speciation process is complete. The coexistence of related species in the same area, as in the case of thrushes, can be considered, according to the theory, one of the evidences of reproductive isolation, and, therefore, of the speciation process. The concept of speciation, linked to accessible examples of everyday life, allows students to get in touch with the biological process that guarantees the various manifestations of life, as well as the construction of scientific knowledge in the school years