Maternal Protein Restriction in Rats Alters Postnatal Growth and Brain Lipid Sensing in Female Offspring

Perinatal nutrition is a key player in the susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases in adulthood, leading to the concept of “metabolic programming”. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation on glucose homeostasis and eating behaviour in female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a normal or protein-restricted (PR) diet and followed throughout gestation and lactation. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and eating behaviour were evaluated in offspring, especially in females. Body weight gain was lower in PR dams during lactation only, despite different food and water intakes throughout gestation and lactation. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin and triglycerides increased drastically before delivery in PR dams in relation to fat deposits. Although all pups had identical birth body weight, PR offspring body weight differed from control offspring around postnatal day 10 and remained lower until adulthood. Offspring glucose homeostasis was mildly impacted by maternal PR, although insulin secretion was reduced for PR rats at adulthood. Food intake, satiety response, and cerebral activation were examined after a lipid preload and demonstrated some differences between the two groups of rats. Maternal PR during gestation and lactation does induce extrauterine growth restriction, accompanied by alterations in maternal plasma leptin and adiponectin levels, which may be involved in programming the alterations in eating behaviour observed in females at adulthood

Maternal Protein Restriction in Rats Alters Postnatal Growth and Brain Lipid Sensing in Female Offspring

Perinatal nutrition is a key player in the susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases in adulthood, leading to the concept of “metabolic programming”. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation on glucose homeostasis and eating behaviour in female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a normal or protein-restricted (PR) diet and followed throughout gestation and lactation. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and eating behaviour were evaluated in offspring, especially in females. Body weight gain was lower in PR dams during lactation only, despite different food and water intakes throughout gestation and lactation. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin and triglycerides increased drastically before delivery in PR dams in relation to fat deposits. Although all pups had identical birth body weight, PR offspring body weight differed from control offspring around postnatal day 10 and remained lower until adulthood. Offspring glucose homeostasis was mildly impacted by maternal PR, although insulin secretion was reduced for PR rats at adulthood. Food intake, satiety response, and cerebral activation were examined after a lipid preload and demonstrated some differences between the two groups of rats. Maternal PR during gestation and lactation does induce extrauterine growth restriction, accompanied by alterations in maternal plasma leptin and adiponectin levels, which may be involved in programming the alterations in eating behaviour observed in females at adulthood

Guest editorial : Les frontières européennes, sources d’innovation / European borders as sources of innovation

A l’heure où le paradigme des frontières ouvertes (Ohmae, 1990 ; Ratti, Reichman, 1993) favorables à la circulation des flux semble remis en cause par des choix politiques parfois radicaux, les frontières restent des objets géopolitiques complexes, qui continuent de marquer durablement les territoires à travers, selon les lieux, des dynamiques centripètes ou centrifuges. Ces deux dernières ne sont d’ailleurs pas contradictoires, mais peuvent se combiner. Le contrôle des flux, enjeu majeur des..

Sospel – Grotte de l’Albaréa

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 8239 Date de l'opération : 2000 - 2007 (SD) Inventeur(s) : Moullé Pierre-Élie (MUS) ; Arellano Almudena (MUS) ; Desclaux Emmanuel (SUP) ; Hanquet Constance (SUP) ; Bailon Salvador (SUP) Un sondage avait été commencé sous le porche d’entrée de la grotte de l’Albaréa à Sospel en 2000 (BSR PACA, 2000 : 59-60). Il a été achevé en 2007. L’étude préliminaire du matériel paléontologique découvert en 2007 a été réalisée avec la collaboration d’Almudena Arell..

Pièces osseuses gravées du Solutréen moyen de la grotte Rochefort (Saint-Pierre-sur-Erve, Mayenne, France)

Au sein du corpus mobilier solutréen provenant de la grotte Rochefort, un lot de 25 pièces a été isolé. Il s’agit essentiellement de côtes d’herbivores mais aussi de fragments d’os longs et d’ivoire, présentant des incisions plus ou moins profondes pour lesquelles la disposition n’évoque pas de simples stries liées à la découpe. Des objets remarquables, comme une côte d’ours brun complète ou un fragment de défense de mammouth, font partie de cette série de pièces incisées. Symboliques, ces décors gravés sont connus dans le Solutréen mais les contextes chronostratigraphiques imprécis de la plupart des collections anciennes en font des pièces de référence peu fiables. La recherche de comparaisons portant peu ses fruits, le corpus de la grotte Rochefort se singularise donc par le nombre et la qualité des objets inventoriés.within the Solutrean portable corpus gathered from Rochefort cave, a series of approximately thirty items has been isolated. It is mainly made up of herbivore ribs but also of fragments of long bones and dentin which are showing some incisions with different degrees of depth, the disposition of which does not remind of simple grooves related to cutting activities. Amazing items such as an entire brown bear rib or a fragment of mammoth tusk are part of this series of incised pieces. These symbolic engraved decorations are known for the Solutrean period but the blurry chronostratigraphic contexts of most of the older collections make them unreliable items of reference. The search for comparisons has not been really fruitful, thus the Rochefort cave corpus distinguishes itself by the quantity and quality of the objects that have been listed

Middle Solutrean engraved bone artefacts from Rochefort Cave (Saint-Pierre-sur-Erve, Mayenne, France)

Within the Solutrean portable corpus gathered from Rochefort cave, a series of twenty-five items was isolated. It is mainly made up of herbivore ribs but also of fragments of long bones and ivory that are showing different types of incisions. Their lay out does not indicate simple grooves related to butchering activities. Remarkable items such as an entire brown bear rib or a fragment of mammoth tusk are part of this series of incised pieces. These symbolic engraved decorations are known for the Solutrean period but the imprecise chronostratigraphic contexts of most of the older collections make them unreliable items of reference. As the search for comparisons has not really been fruitful, the Rochefort cave corpus singles out by the quantity and quality of the objects that have been inventoried

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity.

Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction is that of metabolic and behavioural components of energy expenditure. These components not only contribute to the energy budget directly, but also by influencing the energy intake side of the equation. It has recently been demonstrated that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a potential driver of energy intake, and evidence is accumulating on the influence of physical activity (behavioural energy expenditure) on mechanisms of satiety and appetite control. These effects are associated with changes in leptin and insulin sensitivity, and in the plasma levels of gastrointestinal (GI) peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK). The influence of fat-free mass on energy expenditure and as a driver of energy intake directs attention to molecules emanating from skeletal tissue as potential appetite signals. Sedentariness (physical inactivity) is positively associated with adiposity and is proposed to be a source of overconsumption and appetite dysregulation. The molecular signals underlying these effects are not known but represent a target for research

Colloque "Fraudes, Frontières et territoires", 22 et 23 novembre 2017 à Paris

Béatrice Touchelay de l'IFD (Université de Lille, Irhis) organise un colloque international sur la thématique Fraudes, Frontières et Territoires. Dates : 22 et 23 novembre 2017 Lieu : Paris, le mercredi au siège des Douanes, le jeudi au Ministère des Finances à Bercy. Programme : PROGR_FRAUDES_illus_DEF Inscription gratuite mais obligatoire : https://www.economie.gouv.fr/igpde-seminaires-conferences/fraudes-frontieres-et-territoires-colloque-international-22-et-2

Colloque "Penser avec les discontinuités"

A Arras, le lundi 4 et le mardi 5 juin 2018 Le programme à à télécharger : Programme Pour vous inscrire : voire la rubrique dans la colonne de droite

Espace rural, agriculture et société

National audienc