Palaeoecology of corals and stromatoporoids in a late Silurian biostrome in Estonia

A middle Ludlow biostrome at Katri, western Estonia, the richest accumulation of corals and stromatoporoids in Estonia, is partly exposed in a coastal section ca. 1 m high, 150 m long. The fully marine biostrome consists of 5 layers of skeletal carbonate, grouped into Facies 1 (grainstone-packstone, layers 1, 3 & 5) and Facies 2 (wackestone, interbedded layers 2 & 4). Pressure solution degraded original sedimentary relationships and morphologies of stromatoporoids, tabulates and rugosans which constructed the biostrome, but the two facies have major faunal differences. Facies 1 is rich in stromatoporoids “Stromatopora” bekkeri and Plectostroma scaniense (low to high domical up to ca. 30 cm basal length); and tabulate Favosites forbesi (bulbous to high domical up to ca. 25 cm wide). In Facies 2, all three taxa are less common and much smaller. Instead, the most abundant stromatoporoid is laminar Syringostromella borealis up to 30 cm basal length; the most abundant coral is erect branching Laceripora cribrosa, as scattered fragments up to 24 cm long. Neither occurs in Facies 1. Six other stromatoporoid taxa, 5 other tabulate and 5 rugosan taxa occur uncommonly in the biostrome, mostly in both facies. The Katri biostrome is slightly younger than, but similar facies to, biostromes in the middle Ludlow Hemse Group on Gotland ca. 250 km WSW, with well-known stromatoporoid faunas. Corals are abundant in Hemse biostromes, but taxonomy awaits full study. Several key stromatoporoids occur in both the Hemse biostromes and Katri, but two abundant taxa in Hemse biostromes are absent in Katri and two tabulate corals abundant in Katri are missing in Hemse biostromes. Thus there was wide distribution of such biostromes in the central Baltic large shallow marine carbonate platform, but with previously unreported variable assemblages presumed due to facies features not recognised in the sediments

Hiligaynon Dictionary

Humanities Open Book Program, a joint initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon FoundationThe Philippines series of the PALI Language Texts, under the general editorship of Howard P. McKaughan, consists of lesson textbooks, grammars, and dictionaries for seven major Filipino languages

Hiligaynon Lessons

Humanities Open Book Program, a joint initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon FoundationThe Philippines series of the PALI Language Texts, under the general editorship of Howard P. McKaughan, consists of lesson textbooks, grammars, and dictionaries for seven major Filipino languages

Culling reasons and risk factors in Estonian dairy cows

Background: Culling is a major cost for dairy farms but also an essential part in managing herd productivity. This study aimed to identify the culling rates of Estonian dairy cows, identify the farmers' stated reasons and risk factors for culling. This observational study used registry data of all cows from herds with >= 20 cow-years in 2013-2015. Cow lactation-level analyses included data of 86,373 primiparous cows from 409 herds and 177,561 lactations of 109,295 multiparous cows from 410 herds. Weibull proportional hazard regression models were used to identify risk factors for culling due to slaughter or death. Results: The overall culling rate of Estonian dairy cows was 26.24 (95% CI 26.02; 26.46) per 100 cow-years. The most common reasons farmers stated for culling were feet/claw disorders (26.4%), udder disorders (22.6%), metabolic and digestive disorders (18.1%) and fertility problems (12.5%). Animal-level risk factors for culling were Holstein breed, older parity, lower milk yield breeding value, older age at first calving, longer previous calving interval, having assisted calving, stillbirth and birth of twins/triplets. Lower milk yield, somatic cell count over 200,000 cells/ml and fat/protein ratio over 1.5 at first test-milking after calving were associated with greater culling hazard during the lactation. Cows from larger herds, herds with decreasing size and higher milk yields had a higher culling probability. Conclusions: This study emphasises the need for improved management of hoof health and prevention of mastitis and metabolic diseases. It is essential to ensure easy calving and good health of cows around calving in order to lower the culling hazard

The behavior of estonian consumers towards chilled and canned ready meals : Case study: portion dishes and canned soups

The present research attempts to reveal consuming habits of Estonian customers towards chilled and canned ready meal. The main objective of the thesis was to examine consumer behaviour towards chilled and canned ready meal. The research seeks to provide information regarding consumer behaviour related to chilled and canned ready meal consumption in Estonia. The theoretical background of the thesis was based on the concepts of consumer behaviour. The empirical section of the thesis was conducted by means of a quantitative research method. The data collection for this study was implemented through questionnaires, where the respondents were asked questions related to consumption habits of chilled and canned ready meal. The research discovered consumer segmentation related to chilled and canned ready meal the frequency of purchases and the attitudes towards chilled and canned ready meal. The study explored the factors influencing on buying decision chilled and canned ready meal

The behavior of estonian consumers towards chilled and canned ready meals : Case study: portion dishes and canned soups

The present research attempts to reveal consuming habits of Estonian customers towards chilled and canned ready meal. The main objective of the thesis was to examine consumer behaviour towards chilled and canned ready meal. The research seeks to provide information regarding consumer behaviour related to chilled and canned ready meal consumption in Estonia. The theoretical background of the thesis was based on the concepts of consumer behaviour. The empirical section of the thesis was conducted by means of a quantitative research method. The data collection for this study was implemented through questionnaires, where the respondents were asked questions related to consumption habits of chilled and canned ready meal. The research discovered consumer segmentation related to chilled and canned ready meal the frequency of purchases and the attitudes towards chilled and canned ready meal. The study explored the factors influencing on buying decision chilled and canned ready meal

UndocuAmerica Monologues

The following work contains three monologues from Motus Theater\u27s UndocuAmerica Project, which aims to interrupt dehumanizing portrayals of immigrants by encouraging thoughtful engagement on the challenges faced by undocumented communities and the assets immigrants bring to our country. The monologues were created in a collaboration between leaders with DACA status and Motus Theater Artistic Director Kirsten Wilson during a seventeen-week autobiographical- monologue workshop. All three pieces were presented in a virtual performance on April 8, 2021, as an introduction to the 29th Annual Rothgerber Conference