Arrested B Lymphopoiesis and Persistence of Activated B Cells in Adult Interleukin 7

This deposit is composed by a publication in which the IGC' authors have had the role of collaboration (it's a collaboration publication). This type of deposit in ARCA is in restrictedAccess (it can't be in open access to the public), and could only be accessed by two ways: either by requesting a legal copy to the author (the email contact present in this deposit) or by visiting the following link: https://f1000.com/prime/1003667Interleukin 7 is a crucial factor for the development of murine T and B lymphocytes. We now report that, in the absence of interleukin 7, B lymphocyte production takes place exclusively during fetal and perinatal life, ceasing after 7 wk of age. In peripheral organs, however, the pool of B lymphocytes is stable throughout adult life and consists only of cells that belong to the B1 and marginal zone (MZ) compartments. This is accompanied by a 50-fold increase in the frequency of immunoglobulin (Ig)M- and IgG-secreting cells, and the concentration of serum immunoglobulins is increased three- to fivefold. Both the MZ phenotype and the increase in serum IgM are T cell independent. These findings reveal a previously undescribed pathway of B lymphopoiesis that is active in early life and is interleukin 7 independent. This pathway generates B1 cells and a normal sized MZ B lymphocyte compartment

Arrested B Lymphopoiesis and Persistence of Activated B Cells in Adult Interleukin 7−/− Mice

Interleukin 7 is a crucial factor for the development of murine T and B lymphocytes. We now report that, in the absence of interleukin 7, B lymphocyte production takes place exclusively during fetal and perinatal life, ceasing after 7 wk of age. In peripheral organs, however, the pool of B lymphocytes is stable throughout adult life and consists only of cells that belong to the B1 and marginal zone (MZ) compartments. This is accompanied by a 50-fold increase in the frequency of immunoglobulin (Ig)M- and IgG-secreting cells, and the concentration of serum immunoglobulins is increased three- to fivefold. Both the MZ phenotype and the increase in serum IgM are T cell independent. These findings reveal a previously undescribed pathway of B lymphopoiesis that is active in early life and is interleukin 7 independent. This pathway generates B1 cells and a normal sized MZ B lymphocyte compartment

Schistosoma mansoni: experimental infection of mice through the ear and estimation of skin parasitism

No presente trabalho, desenvolveu-se método de infecção de camundongos através da orelha e de recuperação de esquistossômulos resultantes dessas infecções. Cerca de 80% das cercarías postas em contacto com orelhas de camundongos penetraram. Destas, 30% foram recuperadas. como vermes adultos, do sistema porta. Da pele (das orelhas) as maiores recuperações de esquistossômulos ocorreram nos dois primeiros dias após a infecção. Os parasitas permaneceram nesse sítio por dois dias. No terceiro dia, os parasitas foram recuperados tanto da pele como dos pulmões. A partir do 4.° dia, foi predominante a recuperação de esquistossômulos ao nível dos pulmões. Do total de parasitas que potencialmente atingiriam o sistema porta, proporção elevada (73-80%) pode ser recuperada da pele, no segundo dia após a infecção, como esquistossômulos. Revelando-se apropriadas ao acesso, à migração no hospedeiro e às técnicas de recuperação de parasitas, sugere-se que orelhas de camundongos podem ser utilizadas como sítio de infecção para estudos que visem a análise parasitológica dos eventos iniciais da infecção em animais normais ou imunes.A method is presented to recover schistosomula from the skin of ear infected mice. About 80% of the cercariae applied to the ear were able to penetrate the mouse skin and 30% of them were recovered from the portal system as adult worms. The best recovery of larvae from the ear occurred in the two days that follow the penetration. From the 3rd day on, parasites were recovered both from skin and lungs and on the 4th day they were already found mainly in the lungs. From 73 to 80% of the parasites eventually found in the portal system can be recovered as schistosomula from the skin on tjhe 2nd day of infection. The use of the mouse ears is suggested for the parasitolqgical analysis of the initial events of the S. mansoni infection both in normal and in immune animals, for they are very convenient to the cercarial access and to the use of methods of study of migration and recuperation of the larvae

Approach and Registry of Anaphylaxis in Portugal

A anafilaxia apresenta uma incidência crescente, particularmente em idade pediátrica. Constituindo uma emergência médica, o sucesso terapêutico depende de uma intervenção precoce e adequada. A adrenalina por via intramuscular constitui o fármaco de eleição para o seu tratamento, devendo a dose ser ajustada ao peso e à idade. Resolvida a reação aguda, o doente deve ser mantido sob vigilância médica por um período de 6 a 24 horas, pelo risco de ocorrência de reações bifásicas. Deverá ser considerada a prescrição de um dispositivo de autoadministração de adrenalina em todos os doentes com diagnóstico ou suspeita de anafilaxia; adicionalmente estes doentes têm indicação formal para estudo em consulta de imunoalergologia, de modo a permitir uma adequada intervenção diagnóstica e terapêutica que reduzirá o risco futuro. Todos os episódios de anafilaxia devem ser registados no Catálogo Português de Alergias e outras Reações Adversas (CPARA), constituindo este um instrumento fundamental de partilha de informação clínica dentro do Sistema de Saúde. Este manuscrito pretende divulgar as orientações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da anafilaxia, tornando a sua abordagem clínica mais eficiente e consertada a nível nacional, e promover a adesão ao Catálogo Português de Alergias e outras Reações Adversas como um instrumento essencial de registo e partilha de informação dos episódios de anafilaxia ocorridos em Portugal

Manejo Agudo do Estado Hiperglicêmico Hiperosmolar: Intervenções de Emergência e Perspectivas

This article aims to analyze current clinical practices in the management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) in emergency settings. HHS is a severe endocrinological emergency that primarily occurs in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by extreme hyperglycemia, plasma hyperosmolarity, and severe dehydration without significant ketoacidosis. The condition develops insidiously over days or weeks and can lead to severe neurological manifestations such as lethargy, mental confusion, seizures, and coma. It is often triggered by factors such as infections, inadequate medication use, trauma, or concomitant diseases that increase the production of counter-regulatory hormones. The methodology used was a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review, analyzing studies published between 2004 and 2024, in Portuguese and English. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The analysis focused on the triggering factors of HHS, the effectiveness of emergency interventions, protocols for correcting hyperglycemia and electrolyte disturbances, and the role of endocrinological follow-up in preventing recurrent episodes. The results indicate that proper management of HHS involves aggressive fluid therapy, careful insulin administration, and rigorous monitoring of glycemic and electrolyte levels. Recent advances include the use of continuous glucose monitoring and the application of standardized treatment protocols that significantly improve clinical outcomes. Studies show that implementing such protocols can reduce hospitalization time and mortality associated with HHS. The conclusion highlights the importance of a systematic and evidence-based approach to managing HHS. Early diagnosis and emergency interventions, such as fluid replacement and intensive glycemic control, are essential to stabilize the patient and prevent severe complications such as renal failure and neurological dysfunction. Continued research in this area is crucial to improving treatment strategies, ensuring the safety and efficacy of procedures, and enhancing the quality of life for patients.Este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar as práticas clínicas atuais no manejo do estado hiperglicêmico hiperosmolar (EHH) em ambientes de emergência. O EHH é uma emergência endocrinológica grave que ocorre principalmente em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 não controlada, caracterizada por hiperglicemia extrema, hiperosmolaridade plasmática e desidratação acentuada, sem cetoacidose significativa. A condição desenvolve-se de forma insidiosa ao longo de dias ou semanas e pode levar a manifestações neurológicas graves, como letargia, confusão mental, convulsões e coma. É frequentemente desencadeada por fatores como infecções, uso inadequado de medicamentos, trauma ou doenças concomitantes que aumentam a produção de hormônios contra-reguladores. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e qualitativa, analisando estudos publicados entre 2004 e 2024, em português e inglês. As bases de dados consultadas foram PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. A análise focou nos fatores desencadeantes do EHH, eficácia das intervenções emergenciais, protocolos de correção de hiperglicemia e distúrbios eletrolíticos, e o papel do acompanhamento endocrinológico na prevenção de episódios recorrentes. Os resultados indicam que o manejo adequado do EHH envolve fluidoterapia agressiva, administração criteriosa de insulina e monitoramento rigoroso dos níveis glicêmicos e eletrolíticos. Avanços recentes incluem a utilização de monitoramento contínuo da glicose e a aplicação de protocolos de tratamento padronizados que melhoram significativamente os resultados clínicos. Estudos mostram que a implementação de tais protocolos pode reduzir o tempo de internação e a mortalidade associada ao EHH. A conclusão destaca a importância de uma abordagem sistemática e baseada em evidências no manejo do EHH. O diagnóstico precoce e intervenções emergenciais, como reposição de fluidos e controle glicêmico intensivo, são essenciais para estabilizar o paciente e prevenir complicações severas, como falência renal e disfunção neurológica. A continuidade das pesquisas nesta área é crucial para aprimorar as estratégias de tratamento, garantir a segurança e eficácia dos procedimentos, e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl