Assessing seismic damage through stochastic simulation of ground shaking: the case of the 1998 Faial Earthquake (Azores Islands)

In July 1998, an Mw = 6.2 earthquake struck the islands of Faial, Pico and San Jorge (in the Azores Archipelago), registering VIII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale and causing major destruction in the northeastern part of Faial. The main shock was located offshore, 8 km North East of the island, and it triggered a seismic sequence that lasted for several weeks. The existing data for this earthquake include both the general tectonic environment of the region and the teleseismic information. This is accompanied by one strong-motion record obtained 15 km from the epicentre, the epicentre location of aftershocks, and a large collection of the damage inflicted to the building stock (as poor rubble masonry, of 2-3 storeys). The present study was carried out in two steps: first, with a finite-fault stochastic simulation method of ground motion at sites throughout the affected islands, for two possible locations of the rupturing fault and for a large number of combinations of rupture mechanisms (as a parametric analysis); secondly, the damage to buildings was modelled using a well-known macroseismic method that considers the building typologies and their associated vulnerabilities. The main intent was to integrate different data (geological, seismological and building features) to produce a scenario model to reproduce and justify the level of damage generated during the Faial earthquake. Finally, through validation of the results provided by these different approaches, we obtained a complete procedure for the parameters of a first model for the production of seismic damage scenarios for the Azores Islands region

Diversidade das unidades e dos produtores de derivados do leite em Nossa Senhora da Glória, semi-árido sergipano.

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Applying the Disruption Index Procedure to Evaluate the Urban Seismic Risk in the Mt. Etna Area (Italy)

The Disruption Index is used here for the assessment of urban disruption in the Mt. Etna area after a natural disaster. The first element of the procedure is the definition of the seismic input, which is based on information about the historical seismicity and seismogenic faults. The second element is the computation of the seismic impact on the building stock and infrastructure in the region considered. Information on urban-scale vulnerability was collected and a geographic information system was used to organize the data relating to buildings and network systems (e.g., typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines). The central idea underlying the definition of the Disruption Index is the identification and evaluation of the impacts on a target community, considering the physical elements that contribute most to the severe disruption. The results of this study are therefore very useful for earthquake preparedness planning and for the development of strategies to minimize the risks from earthquakes. This study is a product of the European “Urban Disaster Prevention Strategies using Macroseismic Fields and Fault Sources” project (UPStrat-MAFA European project 2013)

Diversidade das unidades e dos produtores de derivados do leite em Nossa Senhora da Glória, semi-árido sergipano.

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar a diversidade dos sistemas familiares de produção de derivados do leite no município de Nossa Senhora da Glória-SE. Para tanto, as unidades de beneficiamento do leite atuantes em Nossa Senhora da Glória no ano de 2006 foram identificadas e georeferenciadas. A caracterização foi realizada através de pesquisa de campo, aplicação de questionário e observação direta nas propriedades. O leite é processado de forma industrial, artesanal e caseiro, sendo identificados três laticínios e 24 queijarias. Quinze produções caseiras foram amostradas para a análise. Embora, as queijarias utilizem mão de obra contratada, predomina a produção familiar de derivados, sendo que, os proprietários das unidades de beneficiamento são majoritariamente produtores rurais. O nível de escolaridade é maior para os produtores com maior volume de produção e maior diversidade dos produtos lácteos. Percebe-se que para as queijarias e produções caseiras, o conhecimento da atividade queijeira é repassado de geração para geração. As famílias dos produtores das queijarias e das produções caseiras contam com outras fontes de renda, sendo citado a bolsa família para as queijarias e a aposentadoria para as fabricações caseiras. Embora a atividade de beneficiamento seja a mais importante, outras atividades formam os sistemas de produção. A agricultura (basicamente milho e feijão) e a suinocultura estão presentes nas queijarias e nas produções caseiras, sendo que, a bovinocultura está presente nos três tipos de unidades. Depois da fabricação de queijo, a suinocultura é a atividade de maior importância para os proprietários das queijarias. Os produtores de derivados do leite, principalmente os das produções caseiras, têm se associado às organizações do município, predominantemente associações, porém, o nível de organização é bastante frágil. Também, são poucos os que recebem alguma assistência técnica. Como entraves para a sustentabilidade da atividade queijeira da região foi citada a concorrência, a clandestinidade e a falta de política de preços, respectivamente, pelos proprietários dos laticínios, das queijarias e das produções caseiras. As unidades de beneficiamento, principalmente as queijarias e as produções caseiras são importantes para o desenvolvimento local, e conseqüentemente, para a reprodução social das unidades familiares de produção.Organizado por Helenira Ellery Marinho Vasconcelos, Vitor Hugo de Oliveira, Andréia Hansen Oster

Quantitative seismic risk evaluation and mapping: cases of schools and residential facilities in Lisbon and Algarve

This contribution deals with activities within the framework of an EC-project, entitled "UPStrat-MAFA (Urban prevention strategies using macroseismic and fault sources)", emphasising the inventory, vulnerability and seismic risk of buildings. The cases considered deal with elementary and non-elementary public schools as well as the residential building stock in Lisbon and Algarve in mainland Portugal. A new concept of global disruption measures is introduced and discussed, with the objective of providing a systematic way to quantify earthquake impact in urban areas. This approach provides civil protection, the authorities and local decision makers with a new tool judged to be valuable in prioritizing mitigation measures and responses.Co-financed by the EU - Civil Protection Financial Instrument, in the framework the European project ”Urban disaster Prevention Strategies using MAcroseismic Fields and FAult Sources (Acronym: UPStrat-MAFA, Grant Agreement N. 23031/2011/613486/SUB/A5). http://ec.europa.eu/echo/funding/cp_projects2011_en.htmPublishedLisbon - Portugal4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismicaope

Quantitative seismic risk evaluation and mapping: cases of schools and residential facilities in Lisbon and Algarve

This contribution deals with activities within the framework of an EC-project, entitled "UPStrat-MAFA (Urban prevention strategies using macroseismic and fault sources)", emphasising the inventory, vulnerability and seismic risk of buildings. The cases considered deal with elementary and non-elementary public schools as well as the residential building stock in Lisbon and Algarve in mainland Portugal. A new concept of global disruption measures is introduced and discussed, with the objective of providing a systematic way to quantify earthquake impact in urban areas. This approach provides civil protection, the authorities and local decision makers with a new tool judged to be valuable in prioritizing mitigation measures and responses

Urban seismic risk assessment using the Disruption Index: the case of the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy)

This paper presents the ongoing activities for the assessment of the urban seismic risk at Mt. Etna volcano using the “Disruption Index” approach. We use updated information on the historic main seismicity, seismogenic faults and intensity attenuation that in a recent research project produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps and scenarios expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. To apply the Disruption Index at Etna, we consider a probabilistic approach for seismic hazard evaluation based jointly on macroseismic fields and fault parameters. For information on the urban scale vulnerability, we use a GIS to organise data relating to buildings and network systems (e.g. typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines) related to the municipalities more exposed to seismic risk. The convolution of ground motion and vulnerability/ impact is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. We present here some preliminary results on the identification of nodes that are responsible for major disruption in urban systems

Urban seismic risk assessment using the Disruption Index: the case of the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy)

This paper presents the ongoing activities for the assessment of the urban seismic risk at Mt. Etna volcano using the “Disruption Index” approach. We use updated information on the historic main seismicity, seismogenic faults and intensity attenuation that in a recent research project produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps and scenarios expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. To apply the Disruption Index at Etna, we consider a probabilistic approach for seismic hazard evaluation based jointly on macroseismic fields and fault parameters. For information on the urban scale vulnerability, we use a GIS to organise data relating to buildings and network systems (e.g. typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines) related to the municipalities more exposed to seismic risk. The convolution of ground motion and vulnerability/ impact is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. We present here some preliminary results on the identification of nodes that are responsible for major disruption in urban systems.Co-financed by the EU - Civil Protection Financial Instrument, in the framework the European project ”Urban disaster Prevention Strategies using MAcroseismic Fields and FAult Sources (Acronym: UPStrat-MAFA, Grant Agreement N. 23031/2011/613486/SUB/A5). http://ec.europa.eu/echo/funding/cp_projects2011_en.htmPublishedLisbon - Portugal4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismicaope

The KnowRISK project: Tools and strategies to reduce non-structural damage

The project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) is financed by the European Commission to develop prevention measures that may reduce non-structural damage in urban areas. Pilot areas of the project are within the three European participating countries, namely Portugal, Iceland and Italy. Non-structural components of a building include all those components that are not part of the structural system, more specifically the architectural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems, as well as furniture, fixtures, equipment, and contents. Windows, partitions, granite veneer, piping, ceilings, air conditioning ducts and equipment, elevators, computer and hospital equipment, file cabinets, and retail merchandise are all examples of nonstructural components that are vulnerable to earthquake damage. We will use the experience gained during past earthquakes, which struck in particular Iceland, Italy and Portugal (Azores). Securing the non-structural elements improves the safety during an earthquake and saves lives. This paper aims at identifying non-structural seismic protection measures in the pilot areas and to develop a portfolio of good practices for the most common and serious non-structural vulnerabilities. This systematic identification and the portfolio will be achieved through a “crossknowledge” strategy based on previous researches, evidence of non-structural damage in past earthquakes. Shake table tests of a group of non-structural elements will be performed. These tests will be filmed and, jointly with portfolio, will serve as didactic supporting tools to be used in workshops with building construction stakeholders and in risk communication activities. A Practical Guide for non-structural risk reduction will be specifically prepared for citizens on the basis of the outputs of the project, taking into account the local culture and needs of each participating countryPublishedVienna3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischiorestricte