Chylothorax Associated with Subcutaneous Cellulitis Caused by Chylous Fluid Leakage in a Dog

Background: Chylothorax is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid associated with molecules coming from digestion process (chyle) in the thorax. In this case report, we describe a canine patient with chylothorax that presented with an unusual clinical presentation: subcutaneous swelling due to chylous fluid leakage through the thoracic inlet.Case: A 4 year-old spayed female canine, Giant Schnauzer, presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for evaluation and treatment of bilateral subcutaneous masses and edema on the ventral thorax. The patient was originally evaluated by the primary care veterinarian and aspiration and cytology of the masses resulted in a large volume of fluid with low cellularity, lightly basophilic. Due to the appearance of the fluid, triglyceride levels were performed and was 7.95 mmol/L while the peripheral level was 0.5 mmol/L (ref: 0.2-1.3 mmol/L). Based on the cytology and triglyceride levels, chylous fluid was suspected to be the cause of the swelling and edema. Over the following 10 months, the swelling progressed to bilateral tumors of approximately 15 cm in the lateral thorax and surrounding edematous tissues on the ventral thorax. The patient was referred for evaluation. On presentation the patient was normal aside from the described thoracic swellings and decreased lung sounds on auscultation. Thoracic ultrasound revealed bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis resulted in approximately 1,200 mL of chylous fluid. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) and lymphangiography through popliteal injection revealed bilaterally in the soft tissues of the axillary regions, and extending along the right thoracic wall, a moderate amount of fluid dense material. The lymphangiogram revealed two sites of rupture of lymphatic vessels, in the caudal thorax (right sided), and in the cranial mediastinum/right thoracic inlet. Based on the findings, a video-assisted thoracic duct ligation and cisterna chyli ablation were performed. A PleuralPort was placed at the time of surgery for percutaneous drainage of residual fluid. Initially the subcutaneous swelling/masses were noted to have resolved and the patient was discharge 3 days postoperatively with minimal residual thoracic fluid at the time of discharge. Five days after discharge, the patient was returned because the owners complained of not being able to perform the thoracic drainage through the PleuralPort. Based on the physical exam and radiography, the suspicion of PleuralPort obstruction or kink was raised. Thoracocentesis drained 2.5 L of apparently chylous fluid. On the next day, the patient returned for replacement of the port. Eighteen days after the replacement of the port, the patient presented again due to concerns about an inability to drain the pleural port, and that the patient respiration was becoming more laborious, especially during the night. Due to the continued presence of chylous effusion, the owners were offered a repeat lymphangiogram to determine whether additional unligated branches could be contributing to the continued effusion. The owners elected humane euthanasia.Discussion: Canine chylothorax with leakage of chylous fluid to the thoracic subcutaneous space has not been described until now. The fluid retrieved from the patient subcutaneous swellings was a chylous fluid, originated from the thorax. We hypothesized that the leakage of chylous fluid occurred through the thoracic inlet, where there is the pleural cupula, a protuberance of the pulmonary pleura, not protected by the ribs, place that could rupture easily. Because similar case was not reported, we found it important to be shared, so the veterinary scientific community can be aware of uncommon clinical presentations in patients with chylothorax

AVALIAÇÃO HISTOPATOLÓGICA DAS PRINCIPAIS LESÕES TESTICULARES EM GATOS ADULTOS SUBMETIDOS À ORQUIECTOMIA ELETIVA

The study of testicular lesions in felines is essential in the diagnosis of reproductive diseases, since, the gonads can present important alterations, even when they are macroscopically normal. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the main testicular injuries in adult cats submitted to elective orchiectomy, determining the most frequent ones. For this, 25 adult male cats, aged between one and two years, were used. All animals came from the Pet Population Control Program through the Surgical Sterilization Method of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HOVET-UFU). After the orchiectomy, the testicles were collected and sent to the Animal Pathology Sector of HOVET-UFU, where they were separated from their respective epididymis. The dimensions of length, height, width, weight, and volume of each testicle were obtained. These were then fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours, and cleaved in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions. The fragments were submitted to processing for inclusion in paraffin and staining by hematoxylin and eosin. Even without significant macroscopic changes, most cats evaluated in the present study showed some testicular damage, with testicular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis being the most common. Therefore, the importance of histopathology in the diagnosis of testicular alterations in animals considered healthy is highlighted.O estudo das lesões testiculares em felinos é essencial no diagnóstico das doenças reprodutivas, uma vez que as gônadas podem apresentar alterações importantes, mesmo quando macroscopicamente normais. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as principais lesões testiculares em gatos adultos submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva, determinando as lesões de maior frequência. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 gatos machos, adultos, com idade entre um e dois anos. Todos os animais eram provenientes do Programa de Controle Populacional de Animais de Estimação Pelo Método de Esterilização Cirúrgica, do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HOVET-UFU). Após a orquiectomia, os testículos foram coletados e enviados ao Setor de Patologia Animal do HOVET-UFU, onde foram separados dos seus respectivos epidídimos. Foram obtidas as dimensões de comprimento, altura, largura, peso e volume de cada testículo. Esses foram então fixados em formalina 10%, por 24 horas, e clivados nas regiões cranial, média e caudal. Os fragmentos foram submetidos ao processamento para inclusão em parafina e coloração em hematoxilina e eosina. Mesmo sem alterações macroscópicas significativas, a maioria dos gatos avaliados no estudo exibiu alguma lesão testicular, sendo a degeneração testicular e a fibrose intersticial as mais comuns. Desta forma, destaca-se a importância da histopatologia no diagnóstico de alterações testiculares em animais considerados saudáveis

Comportamento das artérias extramurais do útero de cães sem raça definida (Canis familiaris - Linnaeus, 1758)

The present study involved thirty femeale adult dogs coming from the kennel of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The thoracic cavity of the animal was opened and the aorta astery (thoracic part) was locared and canulated. A 450 Neoprene latex solution was used to injet the aorta astery in caudal direction. The specimens were then fixed in a 10 % formol aqueous solution. The results showed that the ovaric, uterine and vaginal arteries supply the uterus as follows : (1) the ovaric artery, in all the cases, arose from the aorta artery, either cranially to the caudal mesenteric artery (98,33%) or at same level of this artery (1,67%). In 83,33% of the cases, it gave off a branch to the uterine corns, which was distributed on the dorsal (8,00%), on the ventral (12,00%) and ond the both (80,00%) surfaces. In addition, two uterine branches distributed on the ventral (66,67%) and the dorsal (33,33%) surfaces were found in 10,00% of the cases; (2) the uterine artery, in all the cases, arose from the vaginal artery. In all the specimens the artery uterine supplied the uterine corns, with the ventral surfaces receiving greater mean number of branches than the dorsal surface. Concerning the uterine body the mean number of branches from the uterine artery showed to be greater on the dorsal surface. In 70, 00% of the cases, the uterine cervix received branches from directly from the uterine artery, with greater number of these arterial vessels being found on the ventral surface.Para o presente trabalho utilizamos 30 (trinta) cadelas adultas, provenientes dos canis do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais - Brasil. Os animais, tiveram a cavidade torácica aberta e localizada a artéria aorta (porção torácica), que foi canulada e injetada com Neoprene Latex "450"(4) em sentido caudal. As peças foram, posteriormente, fixadas em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. Verificamos que as artérias ovárica, uterina e vaginal suprem o útero da seguinte forma - A artéria ovárica em todos dos casos origina-se da artéria aorta, cranialmente a artéria mesentérica caudal (98,33%) ou ao mesmo nível desta (1,67%). Em 83,33% das observações ela emite 1 ramo para os cornos uterinos, que distribui-se ora na face dorsal (8,00%), ora na face ventral (12,00%) e ora em ambas as faces (80,00%) ou ainda 2 ramos uterinos em 10,00% dos casos, distribuídos ora na face ventral (66,67%) e ora na face dorsal (33,33%). - A artéria uterina origina-se em todos os casos da artéria vaginal. Em todas as peças observamos que ela irriga os cornos uterinos, sendo que em média a face ventral recebe maior número de ramos que a dorsal. Com relação ao corpo do útero a média do número de ramos da artéria uterina mostrou-se maior na face dorsal. Em 70,00% dos casos a cervix uterina recebeu ramos diretos da artéria uterina, sendo que na face ventral encontrou-se maior número desses vasos arteriais

Aspectos da irrigação do nó atrioventricular e tronco do fascículo atrioventricular em bovinos mestiços Girolando

Aspects of blood supply of the atriumventricular node and trunk of the atriumventricular fascicle, components of the cardiac conducting system were studied. Thirty female hearts of Girolando crossbred bovines, with ages varying between 36 and 48 month-old were utilized. They were dissecated, intervening previous injection of the right and left coronary arteries with coloured solution of Neoprene latex 450, and posterior fixation in aqueous solution of 15.00% formaldehyde, by immersion. The atriumventicular node was irrigated, isolatedly or in association, by the first septal branch of interventricular paraconal branch (3.33%), distal branch of the left atrium (6.66%), septal branch of the right coronary artery (46.66%), proximal branch of the right atrium (76.66%) and by the right ventricular branch. (76.66%). The trunk of atriumventricular fascicle was irrigated, isolatedly or in association, by the first septal branch of interventricular paraconal branch (3.33%), right ventricular branch (60.00%), proximal branch of the right atrium (60.00%) and more often by the septal branch of the right coronary artery (70.00%). Arterial anastomoses were present in 76.66% of the sample, and commonly they formed circuits around the margins of the cardiac conducting system.Estudaram-se aspectos da irrigação do nó atrioventricular e tronco do fascículo atrioventricular, componentes do sistema de condução do coração. Para tanto, utilizaram-se trinta corações de bovinos fêmeas, mestiças Girolando, com idade entre 36 e 48 meses. Os mesmos foram dissecados, após prévia injeção das artérias coronárias direita e esquerda, com solução corada de Neoprene látex 450, seguida pela fixação dos corações em solução aquosa de formol a 15,00%, pelo método de imersão. O nó atrioventricular foi irrigado, isoladamente ou em associação, pelo primeiro ramo septal do ramo interventricular paraconal (3,33%), ramo distal do átrio esquerdo (6,66%), ramo septal da artéria coronária direita (46,66%), ramo proximal do átrio direito (76,66%) e ramo ventricular direito (76,66%). O tronco do fascículo atrioventricular foi irrigado, isoladamente ou em associação, pelo primeiro ramo septal do ramo interventricular paraconal (3,33%), ramo ventricular direito (60,00%), ramo proximal do átrio direito (60,00%), e com maior freqüência pelo ramo septal da artéria coronária direita (70,00%). As anastomoses arteriais estiveram presentes em 76,66% dos casos e geralmente formaram circuitos junto às margens do sistema de condução cardíaco

Análise ultra-estrutural da túnica muscular do intestino delgado de cães preservado em diferentes meios

Foram avaliados 25 amostras da camada muscular do intestino delgado de cães, conservados em solução supersaturada de açúcar a 300%, glicerina a 98%, polivinil-pirrolidona a 5% e tintura de tiomersal 1:1000. As amostras foram mantidas conservadas por 45 dias e submetidas a análise ultra-estrutural por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os meios não preservaram totalmente a integridade celular, sendo as soluções de açúcar a 300% e glicerina 98% as que melhor mantiveram as ultra-estruturas celulares.The present study evaluated twenty-five sarnples of the muscular layer of the small gut in dogs, which were preserved in a 300% sugar supersaturated. solution, 98% glycerin, 5% polyvinil-pirrolidona and tiomersal tincture at 1: 1000. The samples were maintained under conservation for 45 days and further submitted to ultrastructural assay by transmission electron microscopy. The cellular integrity was not entirely preserved when using the media, while the 300% sugar solution and 98% glycerin were the preservation conditions that better maintained the cellular ultrastructure

Utilização do adesivo N-butil cianoacrilato e o do fio poliglactina na rafia de córnea em coelhos (Oryctolagus cunicullus)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cicatricial repair of perforated cornea in rabbits, by using the N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive compared to the 910-polyglactine nº 7-0 thread suture through macroscopic and histological assays. Corneas from 18 adult rabbits were perforated and soon after submitted the synthesis with N-butyl cyanoacrylate synthetic adhesive right ocular globe or by simple interrupted sutures using the 910-polyglactine thread left ocular globe. The animals were separate in three groups of the same number. Examination after 7, 15, and 30 days post-operative showed that both the synthetic adhesive and the suture were efficient in the synthesis of the surgical wounds, thus stabilizing the intra-ocular contents. The N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive was showed to be superior to the 910-polyglactine suture thread with regards to the evolution and the organization of the healing process.Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de estudos macroscópicos e histológicos, a reparação cicatricial da córnea de coelhos perfuradas, ocluidas com o adesivo N-butil cianoacrilato, comparado à sutura com fio poliglactina 910 nº 7-0. As córneas de 18 coelhos adultos foram perfuradas e em seguidas submetidas a ráfia, sendo a ferida da córnea do globo ocular direito com o adesivo sintético N-butil cianoacrilato e a do globo ocular esquerdo com pontos simples separados com fio poliglactina 910. Os animais foram separados em três grupos de igual número e decorridos 7, 15 e 30 dias de pós operatório notou-se que tanto o adesivo sintético como a sutura foram eficientes na síntese das feridas, estabilizando o conteúdo intra-ocular. O adesivo N-butil cianoacrilato mostrou-se superior ao fio de sutura poliglactina 910 quanto à evolução e organização do processo cicatricial

Repair of the diaphragm of dogs with homogenous free intestinal segment preserved in hypersaturated sugar solution

Surgical repair using biological or sinthetic implants is indicated in diaphragmatic defects, congenital or traumatic, that prevent the approximation of the wound borders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinic, macroscopic and histologic features of the tissue integration of homologous intestinal segment free of epithelium and lamina própria of the mucous túnica preserved in supersaturated sugar solution in the repair of defects (7.0 x 4.0 cm) in the diaphragm muscle of 16 dogs, through accession via paracostal. The diaphragmatic defect was closed with the intestinal segment by separated simple points using polyglactin 910 3-0 wire. The animais were divided into four groups containing 4 dogs per group, and submitted to new surgery at 15, 30, 50 and 90 days, representing the experimental groups I, II, III and IV, respectively, for macroscopic and histopathologic assays. All animais showed a good clinicai evolution. Macroscopically, adherences were observed between the implanted area and organs, such as liver and parietal pleura. Only one animal showed adherence with the lung. By histologic assays, the graft induced a minor inflammatory reaction with replacement by dense connective tissue. The homologous intestinal segment free of epithelium and lamina própria of the mucous túnica preserved in supersaturated sugar solution supported the expansion movements of the diaphragm and was replaced by a thin layer of fíbrous connective tissue.Dissertação (Mestrado)Nos defeitos diafragmáticos de origem congênita ou traumática que impedem a aproximação das bordas da ferida, é indicado a reparação cirúrgica com implantes biológicos ou sintéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histológicos da integração tecidual do segmento intestinal homólogo desprovido de epitélio e lâmina própria da túnica mucosa conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar, no reparo de defeitos de 7,0 x 4,0 cm no músculo diafragma de 16 cães, através da via de acesso paracostal. O defeito diafragmático foi fechado com o segmento intestinal através de pontos simples separados, com o fio de poliglactina 910 3-0. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos de igual número, e reoperados aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias, para avaliação macroscópica e coleta de material para exame histológico, constituindo os grupos experimentais I, II, III e IV respectivamente. Todos os animais apresentaram boa evolução clínica. Macroscopicamente observo-se aderências entre a área enxertada o fígado e a pleura parietal mediastinal, sendo o pulmão encontrado aderido em apenas um animal. Histologicamente o enxerto causou mínima reação inflamatória, sendo substituído por tecido conjuntivo denso. O segmento intestinal homólogo, desprovido de epitélio e lâmina própria da túnica mucosa conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar, suportou os movimentos de expansão do diafragma, sendo substituído por uma fina camada de tecido conjuntivo fibroso

Comportamento das artérias extramurais do útero de cães sem raça definida (Canis familiaris - Linnaeus, 1758)

Para o presente trabalho utilizamos 30 (trinta) cadelas adultas, provenientes dos canis do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais - Brasil. Os animais, tiveram a cavidade torácica aberta e localizada a artéria aorta (porção torácica), que foi canulada e injetada com Neoprene Latex "450"(4) em sentido caudal. As peças foram, posteriormente, fixadas em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. Verificamos que as artérias ovárica, uterina e vaginal suprem o útero da seguinte forma - A artéria ovárica em todos dos casos origina-se da artéria aorta, cranialmente a artéria mesentérica caudal (98,33%) ou ao mesmo nível desta (1,67%). Em 83,33% das observações ela emite 1 ramo para os cornos uterinos, que distribui-se ora na face dorsal (8,00%), ora na face ventral (12,00%) e ora em ambas as faces (80,00%) ou ainda 2 ramos uterinos em 10,00% dos casos, distribuídos ora na face ventral (66,67%) e ora na face dorsal (33,33%). - A artéria uterina origina-se em todos os casos da artéria vaginal. Em todas as peças observamos que ela irriga os cornos uterinos, sendo que em média a face ventral recebe maior número de ramos que a dorsal. Com relação ao corpo do útero a média do número de ramos da artéria uterina mostrou-se maior na face dorsal. Em 70,00% dos casos a cervix uterina recebeu ramos diretos da artéria uterina, sendo que na face ventral encontrou-se maior número desses vasos arteriais

ENSAIO CLÍNICO DA TÉCNICA DE PLACAS DUPLAS DE NEUTRALIZAÇÃO SOBREPOSTAS PARA OSTEOSSÍNTE DE OSSOS LONGOS EM PEQUENOS ANIMAIS

The treatment of fractures is aimed at bone healing and early recovery of limb function. The choice of fixing method involves several factors related to the individual and to the owner. The association boards has recently been described by some authors in order to enhance resistance to the system. Five cases in which he was employed double plates overlapping as fracture fixation method were reported. Since both cases have been complications for revision surgery. The animals showed healing time between 45 and 120 days. In the account in question the overlapping plates of association was a viable resource, no complications and have provided early functional return of the affected limb