Observations of magnetospheric ionization enhancements using upper-hybrid resonance noise band data from the RAE-1 satellite

Noise bands associated with the upper-hybrid resonance were used to provide direct evidence for the existence of regions of enhanced density in the equatorial magnetosphere near L = 2. Density enhancements ranging from several percent to as high as 45 percent are observed with radial dimensions of several hundred kilometers. The enhancement characteristics strongly suggest their identification as magnetospheric whistler ducts

A new high-speed solar radio spectrograph for meter and decameter wavelengths

The design and characteristics of a high resolution, digital solar spectrograph are discussed. The spectrometer operates in the 10 to 80 MHz range. The primary considerations in the design of the spectrograph were: (1) optimun sensitivity, (2) wide dynamic range, (3) flexibility in time and frequency resolution, and (4) modern data handling techniques with a simple computer interface

Theory of the Injun 5 VLF Poynting flux measurements

VLF Poynting flux measurement technique used on Injun 5 satellit

Calibration of a cylindrical RF capacitance probe

The calibration is considered of an RF antenna capacitance probe carried aboard the RAE-1 spacecraft and the correction of the probe for external effects, believed to be primarily due to local positive ion sheaths and/or photoelectron sheaths surrounding the antenna. The RAE-1 spacecraft was launched in July 1968 into a 5850-km. Circular orbit of 121-degree inclination and carried several antenna and radiometer systems covering a frequency range of 0.2 to 9.2 MHz for radio astronomical studies. The RF capacitance probe measurements discussed utilized a 37-meter electric dipole antenna formed by two monopoles made of silver-coated beryllium-copper alloy tapes formed into hollow cylindrical tubes 1.3 cm in diameter

Poynting flux studies of hiss with the Injun 5 satellite

Injun 5 Poynting flux measurements of VLF hiss emissions at low altitude

Materials for Advanced Turbine Engines

An attempt was made to improve methods for producing powder metallurgy aircraft gas turbine engine parts from the nickel base superalloy known as Rene 95. The parts produced were the high pressure turbine aft shaft for the CF6-50 engine and the stages 5 through 9 compressor disk forgings for the CFM56/F101 engines. A 50% cost reduction was achieved as compared to conventional cast and wrought processing practices. An integrated effort involving several powder producers and a major forging source were included

VLF electric and magnetic fields observed in the auroral zone with the Javelin 8.46 sounding rocket

VLF electric and magnetic fields observed in auroral zone with Javelin 8.46 sounding rocke

ORION: A Small, Full Capability, General Purpose, Low Earth Orbit Satellite Bus

A low cost general purpose satellite bus has been designed to support a wide variety of small scientific and commercial payloads. The design provides a number of launch options, including the new NASA extended Get- Away-Special * (GAS) canister and several small expendable launch vehicles. The satellite is 48 cm. (19 in,) in diameter, 89 cm. (35 in.) high and weighs approximately 123 kg. (270 Ibs.). The satellite bus provides telemetry, attitude control, orbital boost/station keeping, electrical power, microprocessor and data storage for up to 23 kg. (50 Ibs.) of user payload. The satellite. has a hydrazine propulsion system, with up to 123 m/s (2600 ft/s) delta-V capability. On-board propulsion reduces launcher orbital insertion accuracy requirements and allows the satellite to independently achieve 1480 km. (300 nm. } circular or 4070 km, (2200 nm.) elliptic orbits from an initial orbit of 250 km. (135 nm.)

Initial observations of VLF electric and magnetic fields with the Injun 5 satellite

Very low frequency electric and magnetic field observations by Injun 5 satellit

Chapter 18. DAYCENT Simulated Effects of Land Use and Climate on County Level N Loss Vectors in the USA

We describe the nitrogen (N) gas (NH3, NOx, N2O, N2) emission and NO3 leaching submodels used in the DAYCENT ecosystem model and demonstrate the ability of DAYCENT to simulate observed N2O emission and NO3 leaching rates for various sites representing different climate regimes, soil types, and land uses. DAYCENT simulated seven major crops, grazing lands, and potential native vegetation at the county level for the United States. At the national scale, NO3 leaching was the major loss vector, accounting for 86%, 66%, and 56% of total N losses for cropped soils, grazed lands, and native vegetation, respectively. NH3 volatilization + NOx emissions made up the majority of national N gas losses, accounting for 58%, 89%, and 86% of N gas losses from cropped soils, grazed lands, and native vegetation, respectively. However, there was considerable spatial variability in the N loss vectors, with leaching accounting for less than 20% of total N losses and NOx + NH3 emissions accounting for less than 50% of N gas losses in some counties. Land use area weighted mean annual N losses were 43.9 (SD = 26.8) and 12.3 (SD = 22.2)kg N/ha for cropped/grazed and native systems, respectively. Area weighted mean annual N gas losses were 11.8 (SD = 4.8) and 5.4 (SD = 2.1)kg N/ha for cropped/grazed and native systems, respectively. Total N losses and NO3 leaching tended to increase as N inputs and precipitation increased, and as soils became coarser textured. Total N gas losses also increased with N inputs and as soils became coarser textured, but N2O and N2 made up a larger portion of N gas losses as soils became finer textured and as precipitation increased