Actividades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y citotóxicas de la fracción insaponificable de aceite de oliva virgen extra

The health benefits of olive oil are well-known. In this study, the unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil (Unsap) was investigated for reducing power capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, fer-rous chelating activity and nitric oxide inhibition. The present study was also designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the Unsap against human carcinoma cells. The anti-inflammatory potential of Unsap has been determined via the inhibition of Human Cyclooxygenases. The results showed that Unsap is efficient for ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition. Unsap has a selective effect as anti-inflammatory agent. The results showed moderate to good in vitro antitumor activities of Unsap against human liver, lung and pancreas cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 19.6 to 30.4 μg/mL and good selectivity index (≥ 2). In conclusion, Unsap represents a promising and safe antitumor and antioxidant material that supports the need for further investigation.Los beneficios para la salud del aceite de oliva son bien conocidos. En este estudio, se investigó la fracción insaponificable del aceite de oliva virgen extra (Insap) para reducir el poder antioxidante férrico, la actividad quelante ferrosa y la inhibición del óxido nítrico. El presente estudio también fue diseñado para evaluar el efecto citotóxico in vitro del Insap contra las células de carcinoma humano. La potencialidad antiinflamatoria del Insap se ha determinado mediante la inhibición de las ciclooxigenasas humanas. Los resultados mostraron que el Insap es eficiente para reducir el poder antioxidante férrico y la inhibición del óxido nítrico. El Insap tiene un efecto selectivo como agente antiinflamatorio. Los resultados mostraron actividades antitumorales in vitro del Insap de moderadas a buenas contra células de cáncer de hígado, pulmón y páncreas humano con una CI50 que varía de 19,6 a 30,4 μg/ml y por su buen índice de selectividad ( ≥ 2). En conclusión, el Insap contiene material antitumoral y antioxidante prometedor y seguro que será respaldado por investiga-ciones adicionales

Efecto hepatoprotector del insaponificable de los aceites de oliva, linaza y sésamo contra la lesión hepática inducida por tetracloruro de carbono en ratas

In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of the unsaponifiable matter (UNSAP) of olive oil, linseed, and sesame oils against CCl4-induced liver toxicity in rats was investigated. In a preliminary antioxidant study, UNSAP showed pronounced DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 6.2-10.8 mg/mL). The constituents of UNSAP were determined by GC-MS. The subcutaneous administration of CCl4, caused liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of UNSAP was comparable to that of α-tocopherol, a standard antioxidant agent. The co-administration of the investigated UNSAP normalized the activities of serum marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level were found to be alleviated by pre-treatment with the UNSAP. A histopathological evaluation showed marked improvement in the liver of UNSAP- and α-Tocopherol-treated animals. The hepatoprotective effect could be attributed to the antioxidant characteristics of UNSAP.En el presente estudio, se investigó la actividad hepatoprotectora de la materia insaponificable (UNSAP) de los aceites de oliva, linaza y sésamo contra la toxicidad hepática inducida por CCl4 en ratas. En un estudio preliminar de antioxidantes, UNSAP mostró una pronunciada actividad de captación de radicales DPPH (IC50 6.2-10.8 mg / mL). Los constituyentes del UNSAP fueron determinados por GC-MS. La administración de CCl4, por vía subcutánea, causó lesión hepática. El efecto hepatoprotector del UNSAP fue comparable al del α-Tocoferol, un agente antioxidante estándar. La administración conjunta del UNSAP normalizó las actividades de las enzimas marcadoras séricas, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST). Además, se encontró que la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina en suero (ALP) y el nivel de malondialdehído hepático (MDA) se mitigan con el tratamiento previo con UNSAP. La evaluación histopatológica mostró una mejoría notable en el hígado de los animales tratados con UNSAP y α-Tocopherol. El efecto hepatoprotector podría atribuirse a las características antioxidantes de UNSAP

Eficiencia de la extracción asistida por ultrasonido de pétalos de Delonix regia como antioxidante natural en la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de girasol

The possibility of improving the oxidative stability of sunflower oil by enriching it with carotenoids from Delonix regia petals was studied. A combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and stirring techniques was used. The optimal conditions were material/solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v), ultrasonic power of 30 W and extraction time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the yield of total carotenoids was 503.0 μg/g dry weight. Increasing the acoustic power density degraded carotenoids. A HPLC analysis was used for the quantification of β-carotene in the extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the carotenoid-rich extract were found to be superior to the standard Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The enrichment of sunflower oil with carotenoid-rich extract at 67.46 mg carotenoids/kg oil improved its oxidative stability by more than 50% as measured by the Rancimat method. These results suggest that the investigated extract has the potential to be used as a bio-preservative in food products.Se estudió la posibilidad de mejorar la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de girasol enriqueciéndolo con carotenoides de pétalos de Delonix regia. Se utilizaron técnicas combinadas de extracción asistida por ultrasonido y técnicas de agitación. Las condiciones óptimas fueron una relación material/ disolvente de 1:20 (p/v), una potencia ultrasónica de 30 W y un tiempo de extracción de 50 min. En estas condiciones, el rendimiento de carotenoides totales fue de 503,0 ?g/g de peso seco. El aumento de la densidad de potencia acústica degrada a los carotenoides. El análisis por HPLC se utilizó para la cuantificación de β-caroteno en el extracto. Se encontró que la actividad de captación de radicales DPPH y el poder antioxidante reductor férrico del extracto rico en carotenoides es superior al del butilhidroxitolueno estándar (BHT). El enriquecimiento de aceite de girasol con extracto rico en carotenoides a 67,46 mg de carotenoides/kg de aceite mejoró su estabilidad oxidativa en más del 50% según lo medido por el método de Rancimat. Estos resultados proponen que el extracto investigado tiene el potencial de ser utilizado como conservante biológico en productos alimenticios

Polychlorinated biphenyl, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran residues in sediments and fish of the River Nile in the Cairo region.

The levels of organohalogenated contaminants, i.e. PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs were determined in sediment and fish samples collected from different locations in the River Nile, Egypt. Thirty-six sediment and eighteen fish samples were carried out during a period of 12 months from February 2003 to February 2004. Determination of PCBs and dioxins was carried out using a high resolution GC mass spectrometer. The results indicated that the PCB and PCDD/F mean concentrations in sediment samples ranged from 1461 to 2244 and from 240 to 775 pg g-1 dry wt basis, respectively. The mean concentration of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in fish samples were found to be in the range from 695 to 853 pg g-1 fresh wt for PCB congeners and from 27.7 to 121 pg g-1 lipid for total PCDD/Fs. Moreover, the concentrations of both PCBs and PCDD/Fs were found to be different at different locations along the River Nile. It could be concluded that the contamination of the River Nile is within the permissible limits set by the FDA and the Egyptian Standards for fish and shellfish

Medicinal Plants of India

Crude extracts of fruits, herbs, vegetables, cereals and other plant materials rich in phenolics and antioxidant activity are of prime interest to the food industry because of their ability to retard oxidative degradation of lipids and hence improve the quality and nutritional value of functional food. Concomitantly, the importance of antioxidant constituents of plant materials in the maintenance of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is also raising interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as part of the current trend towards the use of herbal medicine. In addition, the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) by patients suffering from chronic disorders, such as cancers, heart, stroke and immune disorders has been well documented. CAMs are either used on their own (alternative treatments) or in addition to conventional medicine (complementary treatments). CAMs can be grouped into herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants, food supplements that include vitamin preparations, trace elements and other substances such as omega-3 fatty acid