2,626 research outputs found
A Study of Life Crisis Magnitude of Psychiatric Patients and a Non-Therapy Group
A group of hospitalized psychiatric patients and a randomly selected non-therapy group responded to the Schedule of Recent Experiences questionniare. In order to determine the magnitude of life change events for the two groups, Life Change Unit totals were derived for the years 1966 and 1967.
To test the hypothesis that patients in psychiatric treatment have experienced a quantitatively significant greater amount of life change than a group of non-therapy subjects, an analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were significant differences between the scores for the two groups.
For the year 1966, no significant difference was found between the therapy and non-therapy samples. For the year 1967, there was a significant difference between the mean Life Change Unit scores for the two groups.
As a result of these findings, it is concluded that an accumulation of life change events may serve to precipitate mental health change, and that that probability of such health change occurring is significantly greater when there is a clustering of life change events during any given year than when such a clustering does not occur
Quantification of Cellular Proliferation in Acne Using the Monoclonal Antibody Ki-67
The mechanism by which ductal hypercornification occurs in acne is uncertain. We investigated proliferation in normal and acne follicles and in the interfollicular epidermis using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which reacts with a nuclear antigen expressed by cells in the G1, S, M, and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Cryostat sections of biopsies from the interscapular region from acne patients and from normal volunteers were stained with Ki-67 antibody and counterstained with 2% methyl green. The number of Ki-67-positive nuclei in the basal layer were counted and expressed as a percentage of the total number of basal nuclei in the ductal or interfollicular epithelia. The data was expressed as mean percent Âą SD. In normal follicles from acne-affected sites 17.40% Âą 1.86% (n = 8) of the nuclei were Ki-67 positive. This was significantly higher (p <0.01) than follicles from an area of skin unaffected by acne (11.01% Âą 6.16%, n = 8). In the follicular epithelia of non-inflamed lesions, the percentage of Ki-67 positive nuclei was 23.44% Âą 8.36% (n = 15). It was impossible to count the nuclei of follicular epithelium of inflamed lesions because little of this remained intact. In normal interfollicular epidermis, Ki-67-positive nuclei represented 5.33% Âą 3.36% (n = 8) of the total. This value was not significantly different from the value obtained for interfollicular epidermis near non-inflamed lesions (10.46% Âą 4.45%, n = 15). However, the number of Ki- 67-positive nuclei in the interfollicular epidermis near inflamed lesions was significantly higher than either of these two values: 25.26% Âą 6.83%, n = 13, p < 0.05. Our results with Ki-67 confirm that ductal hyperproliferation occurs in acne and shows that normal follicles from acne skin may be âacne-prone.
The Iowa Homemaker vol.2, no.5-6
Table of Contents
Your Child Between the Bottle and School Age by Belle Lowe, page 1
Buy Your Hat From Your Grocery Savings by Blanche Ingersoll, page 2
Has Hosiery Become Your Hobby? by Mildred B. Elder, page 3
Pottery Making as a Community Work by Paul E. Cox, page 4
Fall Forecast for Childrenâs Frocks by Helen Paschal, page 5
âYe Hatte Shoppeâ As a Summerâs Occupation by Ruth Wilson, page 6
Will Courtesy Count in Your Childâs Career? by Eda Lord Murphy, page 7
Whoâs There and Where by Jeanette Beyer, page 10
Card File Your Foreign Terms by Eleanor Murphy, page 10
Rival the Orient With Sealing Wax by Opal Wind, page 11
âBack to Naturâ-ing With a Camp Kit by Helen T. Peterson, page 12
The Art of Outcasting Flies by Dorothy Morris, page 1
A multicenter study on chronic cough in children: Burden and etiologies based on a standardized management pathway
Background: While the burden of chronic cough in children has been documented, etiologic factors across multiple settings and age have not been described. In children with chronic cough, we aimed (1) to evaluate the burden and etiologies using a standar
The Chiral Potts Models Revisited
In honor of Onsager's ninetieth birthday, we like to review some exact
results obtained so far in the chiral Potts models and to translate these
results into language more transparent to physicists, so that experts in Monte
Carlo calculations, high and low temperature expansions, and various other
methods, can use them. We shall pay special attention to the interfacial
tension between the state and the state. By examining
the ground states, it is seen that the integrable line ends at a superwetting
point, on which the relation is satisfied, so that it
is energetically neutral to have one interface or more. We present also some
partial results on the meaning of the integrable line for low temperatures
where it lives in the non-wet regime. We make Baxter's exact results more
explicit for the symmetric case. By performing a Bethe Ansatz calculation with
open boundary conditions we confirm a dilogarithm identity for the
low-temperature expansion which may be new. We propose a new model for
numerical studies. This model has only two variables and exhibits commensurate
and incommensurate phase transitions and wetting transitions near zero
temperature. It appears to be not integrable, except at one point, and at each
temperature there is a point, where it is almost identical with the integrable
chiral Potts model.Comment: J. Stat. Phys., LaTeX using psbox.tex and AMS fonts, 69 pages, 30
figure
Mechanisms controlling anaemia in Trypanosoma congolense infected mice.
Trypanosoma congolense are extracellular protozoan parasites of the blood stream of artiodactyls and are one of the main constraints on cattle production in Africa. In cattle, anaemia is the key feature of disease and persists after parasitaemia has declined to low or undetectable levels, but treatment to clear the parasites usually resolves the anaemia. The progress of anaemia after Trypanosoma congolense infection was followed in three mouse strains. Anaemia developed rapidly in all three strains until the peak of the first wave of parasitaemia. This was followed by a second phase, characterized by slower progress to severe anaemia in C57BL/6, by slow recovery in surviving A/J and a rapid recovery in BALB/c. There was no association between parasitaemia and severity of anaemia. Furthermore, functional T lymphocytes are not required for the induction of anaemia, since suppression of T cell activity with Cyclosporin A had neither an effect on the course of infection nor on anaemia. Expression of genes involved in erythropoiesis and iron metabolism was followed in spleen, liver and kidney tissues in the three strains of mice using microarrays. There was no evidence for a response to erythropoietin, consistent with anaemia of chronic disease, which is erythropoietin insensitive. However, the expression of transcription factors and genes involved in erythropoiesis and haemolysis did correlate with the expression of the inflammatory cytokines Il6 and Ifng. The innate immune response appears to be the major contributor to the inflammation associated with anaemia since suppression of T cells with CsA had no observable effect. Several transcription factors regulating haematopoiesis, Tal1, Gata1, Zfpm1 and Klf1 were expressed at consistently lower levels in C57BL/6 mice suggesting that these mice have a lower haematopoietic capacity and therefore less ability to recover from haemolysis induced anaemia after infection
Podiatry interventions to prevent falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Backgroundfoot problems are independent risk factors for falls in older people. Podiatrists diagnose and treat a wide range of problems affecting the feet, ankles and lower limbs. However, the effectiveness of podiatry interventions to prevent falls in older people is unknown. This systematic review examined podiatry interventions for falls prevention delivered in the community and in care homes.Methodssystematic review and meta-analysis. We searched multiple electronic databases with no language restrictions. Randomised or quasi-randomised-controlled trials documenting podiatry interventions in older people (aged 60+) were included. Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. TiDieR guidelines guided data extraction and where suitable statistical summary data were available, we combined the selected outcome data in pooled meta-analyses.Resultsfrom 35,857 titles and 5,201 screened abstracts, nine studies involving 6,502 participants (range 40â3,727) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were single component podiatry (two studies), multifaceted podiatry (three studies), or multifactorial involving other components and referral to podiatry component (four studies). Seven studies were conducted in the community and two in care homes. Quality assessment showed overall low risk for selection bias, but unclear or high risk of detection bias in 4/9 studies. Combining falls rate data showed significant effects for multifaceted podiatry interventions compared to usual care (falls rate ratio 0.77 [95% CI 0.61, 0.99]); and multifactorial interventions including podiatry (falls rate ratio: 0.73 [95% CI 0.54, 0.98]). Single component podiatry interventions demonstrated no significant effects on falls rate.Conclusionsmultifaceted podiatry interventions and multifactorial interventions involving referral to podiatry produce significant reductions in falls rate. The effect of multi-component podiatry interventions and of podiatry within multifactorial interventions in care homes is unknown and requires further trial data
Accrual and drop out in a primary prevention randomised controlled trial: qualitative study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recruitment and retention of participants are critical to the success of a randomised controlled trial. Gaining the views of potential trial participants who decline to enter a trial and of trial participants who stop the trial treatment is important and can help to improve study processes. Limited research on these issues has been conducted on healthy individuals recruited for prevention trials in the community.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Semi-structured interviews with people who were eligible but had declined to participate in the Aspirin for Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis (AAA) trial (N = 11), and AAA trial participants who had stopped taking the trial medication (N = 11). A focus group with further participants who had stopped taking the trial medication (N = 6). (Total participants N = 28).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Explanations for declining to participate could be divided into two groups: the first group were characterised by a lack of necessity to participate and a tendency to prioritise other largely mundane problems. The second group's concern was with a high level of perceived risk from participating.</p> <p>Explanations for stopping trial medication fell into four categories: side effects attributed to the trial medication; starting on aspirin or medication contraindicating to aspirin; experiencing an outcome event, and changing one's mind.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that when planning trials (especially in preventive medicine) particular attention should be given to designing appropriate recruitment materials and processes that fully inform potential recruits of the risks and benefits of participation.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ISRCTN66587262</p
When work keeps us apart: a thematic analysis of the experience of business travellers
Whilst business travel is deemed important for organizational success and economic outcomes, little is known about the actual process of business travelling from the perspective of individuals who undertake such travel on a regular basis. Thus the current qualitative study examined how business travellers (three women and eight men) attempt to find a balance between work and family, by focusing on how time together and time apart are experienced. The results can be interpreted and framed within work/family border theory in that business travellersâ borders are less defined and less permeable, thus requiring them to border-cross more frequently. This necessitates a process of negotiation with key border-keepers (their spouse/partner). Business travellers also undertake compensatory behaviours to make up for their time away from family. In order to find a work/family balance they go through a process of adapting, negotiating and tailoring their lives around their work commitments to alleviate work-life conflict
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Association of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism with change in triacylglycerol response to sequential meals
Background: Reported associations between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFA) and the postprandial
triacylglycerol (TAG) response have been inconsistent, which could be due to variations in the TNFA gene, meal fat composition or participantâs body weight. Hence, we investigated the association of TNFA polymorphism
(â308G â A) with body mass index (BMI) and postprandial lipaemia and also determined the impact of BMI on the
association of the polymorphism with postprandial lipaemia.
Methods: The study participants (n = 230) underwent a sequential meal postprandial study. Blood samples were taken
at regular intervals after a test breakfast (t = 0, 49 g fat) and lunch (t =330 min, 29 g fat) to measure fasting and
postprandial lipids, glucose and insulin. The Metabolic Challenge Study (MECHE) comprising 67 Irish participants who
underwent a 54 g fat oral lipid tolerance test was used as a replication cohort. The impact of genotype on postprandial
responses was determined using general linear model with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results: The -308G â A polymorphism showed a significant association with BMI (P = 0.03) and fasting glucose
(P = 0.006), where the polymorphism explained 13 % of the variation in the fasting glucose. A 30 % higher incremental
area under the curve (IAUC) was observed for the postprandial TAG response in the GG homozygotes than A-allele
carriers (P = 0.004) and the genotype explained 19 % of the variation in the IAUC. There was a non-significant trend in
the impact of BMI on the association of the genotype with TAG IAUC (P = 0.09). These results were not statistically
significant in the MECHE cohort, which could be due to the differences in the sample size, meal composition, baseline
lipid profile, allelic diversity and postprandial characterisation of participants across the two cohorts.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TNFA -308G â A polymorphism may be an important candidate for BMI,
fasting glucose and postprandial TAG response. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanistic effects of
the polymorphism on glucose and TAG metabolism, and determine whether BMI is an important variable which
should be considered in the design of future studies.
Trial registration: NCT01172951
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