196 research outputs found
Milk-derived anti-infectives and their potential to combat bacterial and viral infection
peer-reviewedBreastfeeding positively influences infant growth while providing protection against many diseases. Breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients for the infant and contains countless bioactive ingredients such as immunoglobulins (antibodies), fatty acids, oligosaccharides and others which function to protect against infection. Many of the anti-infective properties ascribed to breast-milk are not yet available to formula-fed infants. Infant milk formulas are predominantly based on bovine milk, which in some cases contain much lower concentrations of bioactives. However, bovine milk does contain a number of components which share homology with human milk bioactives which could imply common functionalities. Therefore, value may lie in extracting and concentrating select bovine milk components with a view to supplementing infant formula. This review will discuss the mechanisms of action of anti-infective milk components and their ability to decrease the risk of infection through their interactions with both bacteria and viruses
Colour Deconfinement and Quarkonium Binding
At high temperatures, strongly interacting matter becomes a plasma of
deconfined quarks and gluons. In statistical QCD, deconfinement and the
properties of the resulting quark-gluon plasma can be investigated by studying
the in-medium behaviour of heavy quark bound states. In high energy nuclear
interactions, quarkonia probe different aspects of the medium formed in the
collision. We survey the results of recent charmonium production studies in SPS
and RHIC experiments.Comment: 50 pages, 53 figures; revised section 6.
A limiting velocity for quarkonium propagation in a strongly coupled plasma via AdS/CFT
We study the dispersion relations of mesons in a particular hot strongly
coupled supersymmetric gauge theory plasma. We find that at large momentum k
the dispersion relations become omega = v_0 k + a + b/k + ..., where the
limiting velocity v_0 is the same for mesons with any quantum numbers and
depends only on the ratio of the temperature to the quark mass T/m_q. We
compute a and b in terms of the meson quantum numbers and T/m_q. The limiting
meson velocity v_0 becomes much smaller than the speed of light at temperatures
below but close to T_diss, the temperature above which no meson bound states at
rest in the plasma are found. From our result for v_0, we find that the
temperature above which no meson bound states with velocity v exist is
T_diss(v) \simeq (1-v^2)^(1/4) T_diss, up to few percent corrections.We thus
confirm by direct calculation of meson dispersion relations a result inferred
indirectly in previous work via analysis of the screening length between a
static quark and antiquark in a moving plasma. Although we do not do our
calculations in QCD, we argue that the qualitative features of the dispersion
relation we compute, including in particular the relation between dissociation
temperature and meson velocity, may apply to bottomonium and charmonium mesons
propagating in the strongly coupled plasma of QCD. We discuss how our results
can contribute to understanding quarkonium physics in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 57 pages, 12 figures; references adde
CT colonography reporting and data system: A consensus proposal
We have proposed a practical reporting scheme that includes recommendations for the follow-up of colonic polyps that are based on currently available published assessments of the clinical importance and expected growth potential of these lesions. © RSNA, 2005
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