Développement d'outils pour le suivi en ligne des cultures de microalgues utilisant le bicarbonate comme source de carbone

RÉSUMÉ: Les bioprocédés à base de microalgues représentent des alternatives prometteuses aux technologies actuelles, notamment dans les domaines énergétiques, pharmaceutiques et nutraceutiques. Toutefois, l'implantation de ces procédés à grande échelle est ralentie par leur difficile rentabilité. Les sels de bicarbonate représentent une avenue prometteuse pour optimiser la productivité des cultures et la consommation du carbone. Contrairement aux autres sources de carbone alternatives envisagées dans la culture de microalgues, les algues consomment le bicarbonate en photosynthèse. De plus, il peut être extrait d'effluents polluants. L'utilisation du bicarbonate de sodium a déjà été étudiée pour favoriser la production de lipides en fin de cycle de culture. De plus, comme le bicarbonate est totalement dissout dans le milieu de culture, contrairement au CO2 lorsqu'il est acheminé par bullage au système de culture, il est totalement disponible pour les microalgues. Cela permettrait potentiellement une croissance plus rapide chez l'espèce S. obliquus. Les objectifs à long terme dans lesquels s'insèrent ce projet sont l'évaluation du potentiel du bicarbonate comme source de carbone et l'identification des conditions optimales de culture de la microalgue Scenedesmus obliquus en utilisant le bicarbonate de sodium comme source de carbone principale. Dans cette optique, les réalisations du présent projet touchent trois aspects de la culture des microalgues. D'abord, les conditions de culture en présence de bicarbonate sont explorées. Puis, une méthode analytique appropriée au suivi en ligne des conditions favorables à la croissance des microalgues en présence de bicarbonate a été mise au point. Enfin, un modèle mathématique descriptif approprié pour les cultures de microalgues utilisant le bicarbonate comme principale source de carbone a été développé. Les contraintes de l'emploi du bicarbonate de sodium et les conditions permettant la consommation optimale de carbone ont été identifiées au fil d'expériences de cultures de type «cuvée simple» en flacons agités et en photobioréacteurs. Le pH joue un rôle crucial dans la disponibilité du bicarbonate et la croissance des algues. Une méthode de dosage des carbonates en solution par spectroscopie ATR-FTIR a été développée. Elle permet le dosage in situ et en continu, ce qui permettrait un contrôle optimal du procédé à l'échelle industrielle. Une structure de modèle appropriée à la situation est proposée et l'identification des paramètres nécessitera davantage d'expériences pour obtenir assez de données pour resserrer les intervalles de confiance sur les paramètres. La structure du modèle a été choisie de sorte à ce que les paramètres soient estimables facilement. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Microalgues, Scenedesmus obliquus; bicarbonate de sodium; autotrophie; Spectroscopie FT-IR; modélisation; croissance. -- ABSTRACT: Microalgae-based bioprocesses are widely viewed as promising alternatives for polluting technologies in such fields as pharmaceutics, energy and nutraceutics. However, large scale development is still hindered by process economics. This research project looks at bioprocesses optimization through the use of an alternative carbon source. Bicarbonate salts could help increase microalgae culture productivity as well as carbon mitigation. Unlike other alternative carbon sources, microalgae will absorb bicarbonate through photosynthesis. Also, it can be obtained by industrial flue gas scrubbing. The use of sodium bicarbonate at the end of the growth cycle is known to promote lipid production. Likewise, as bicarbonate is totally dissolved in the culture medium, as opposed to sparged CO2, it is readily available to algae. It could also improve S. obliquus' growth rate compared to autotrophic cultivation with gaseous CO2. This project's long term goals are evaluating the potential of bicarbonate as a carbon source and identifying the optimal cultivation conditions for Scenedesmus obliquus using bicarbonate as the main source of carbon. To this end, the achievements of this project concern the exploration of growth conditions using bicarbonate, the development of an analytical method suitable for online monitoring of favorable growth conditions in the presence of bicarbonate, and the development of a descriptive mathematical model suitable for microalgae cultures using bicarbonate as their main source of carbon. Batch type cultures in shake flasks and photobioreactors were used to identify technical constraints surrounding the use of bicarbonate and optimal carbon consumption conditions in microalgae cultures. Acidity plays a crucial role in carbon availability and algae growth. Proper pH control is highly important as bicarbonate uptake by S. obliquus leads to increases in pH of the culture medium. Yet, microalgae have a nutritional preference towards CO2, thus forcing cultivation at higher pH values to prevent CO2 generation. A new quantification method for dissolved inorganic carbon using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was developed. It allows continuous, online, in situ quantification which would enable optimal process control at industrial scale. The structure of the model has been determined and more growth experiments are needed to identify the parameters properly. The selected structure should allow the parameters to be easily identifiable. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Microalgae; Scenedesmus obliquus; sodium bicarbonate; autotrophic mode; FT-IR spectroscopy

Venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab in first line chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Argentina: A cost-effectiveness analysis

The aim of the study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of VenG in the treatment of first-line unfit CLL patients in Argentina.XXVII Congress of the European Hematology Association (Viena, 9 al 17 de junio de 2022)Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicad

H2 formation on interstellar dust grains: the viewpoints of theory, experiments, models and observations

Molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe. It is the first one to form and survive photo-dissociation in tenuous environments. Its formation involves catalytic reactions on the surface of interstellar grains. The micro-physics of the formation process has been investigated intensively in the last 20 years, in parallel of new astrophysical observational and modeling progresses. In the perspectives of the probable revolution brought by the future satellite JWST, this article has been written to present what we think we know about the H formation in a variety of interstellar environments.VW’s research is funded by an ERC Starting Grant (3DICE, grant agreement 336474). GV acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation’s Astronomy & Astrophysics Division (Grants No. 1311958 and 1615897). LH acknowledges support from ERC Consolidator Grant GRANN (grant agreement no. 648551). GN acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council. VW, FD and SM acknowledge the CNRS program ”Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) co-funded bythe Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). SDP acknowledges funding from STFC, UK. V.V acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MagneticYSOS project, grant agreement No 679937)

Trusted Software within Focal

International audienceThis paper describes the Integrated Development Environment Focal together with a brief proof of usability on the formal development of access control policies. Focal is an IDE providing powerful functional and object-oriented features that allow to formally express specification and to go step by step (in an incremental approach) to design and implement while proving that the implementation meets its specification or design requirements. These features are particularly well-suited to develop libraries for secure applications

Budget Impact analysis of venetoclax for management of acute myeloid leukemia from the perspective of the social security and the private sector in Argentina

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the budget impact of the incorporation of venetoclax for the treatment of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) over 75 years of age or those with comorbidities and contraindications for the use of intensive chemotherapy, from the perspective of the social security and the private third-party payers in Argentina. METHODS: A budget impact model was adapted to estimate the cost difference between the current scenario (azacitidine, decitabine and low doses of cytarabine) and the new scenario (incorporation of venetoclax) for a third-party payer over a time horizon of three years. Input parameters were obtained from a literature review, validated or complemented by expert opinion using a modified Panel Delphi approach. All direct medical costs were estimated by the micro-costing approach and were expressed in US dollars (USD) as of September 2020 (1 USD = 76.18 Argentine pesos). RESULTS: For a third-party payer with a cohort of 1,000,000 individuals covered, incorporating venetoclax was associated with an average budget impact per-member per-month (PMPM) of $0.11 USD for the social security sector and$0.07 USD for the private sector. The duration of treatment with venetoclax was the most influential parameter in the budget impact results. CONCLUSION: The introduction of venetoclax was associated with a positive and slight budget impact. These findings are informative to support policy decisions aimed to expand the current treatment landscape of AML

Deliverable D6.4: Assessment report: Experimenting with CONNECT in Systems of Systems, and Mobile Environments

The core objective of WP6 is to evaluate the CONNECT technologies under realistic situations. To achieve this goal, WP6 concentrated a significant amount of its 4th year effort on the finalization of the implementation of the GMES scenario defined during the 3rd year. The GMES scenario allows the consortium to assess the validity of CONNECT claims and to investigate the exploitation of CONNECT technologies to deal with the integration of real systems. In particular, GMES requires the connection of highly heterogeneous and independently built systems provided by the industry partners. WP6 contributed also in providing mobile collaborative applications and case studies showing the exploitation of CONNECTORs on mobile devices

Final CONNECT Architecture

Interoperability remains a fundamental challenge when connecting heterogeneous systems which encounter and spontaneously communicate with one another in pervasive computing environments. This challenge is exasperated by the highly heterogeneous technologies employed by each of the interacting parties, i.e., in terms of hardware, operating system, middleware protocols, and application protocols. The key aim of the CONNECT project is to drop this heterogeneity barrier and achieve universal interoperability. Here we report on the revised CONNECT architecture, highlighting the integration of the work carried out to integrate the CONNECT enablers developed by the different partners; in particular, we present the progress of this work towards a finalised concrete architecture. In the third year this architecture has been enhanced to: i) produce concrete CONNECTors, ii) match networked systems based upon their goals and intent, and iii) use learning technologies to find the affordance of a system. We also report on the application of the CONNECT approach to streaming based systems, further considering exploitation of CONNECT in the mobile environment