The Gap condition for S5 and GAP Programs

In transformation groups on manifolds, it has been an interesting problem to ask whether for a given finite group G, there exists a real G-module V such that dim VP >2dimV>P for all subgroups P of prime power order and such that VH=0 for certain large subgroups H of G. This paper provides GAP programs to show that S5 does not admit such a real S5-module V

Change of Waterline and Water Depth at Izmit Bay Due to 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey

The 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake of August 17,1999 hit the western part of Turkey causing very great damages. From a result of our investigation and survey, typical geotechnical damages on this earthquake were pointed up except structural damage due to inertia force. One was a settlement andfor tilting of buildings induced by the ground deformation such as soil liquefaction or bearing failure in Adapazari City. Another was a widespread land loss in the south of coast in Izmit Bay, induced by the fault movement. In this paper we deal with the widespread land loss around Izmit Bay. The authors check into the relationship between the submerged area and the rupture of the fault, and then carried out the measurement of water depth at several cross sections of offshore in Izmit Bay. In order to clarify the aspect of loss of the coastal land, the topography of the seabed before and after the earthquake were compared. And then, some in-situ tests were conducted near the submerged area. From the result of the measurements, in-situ tests and the field survey, the causes of the loss of coastal land could be anticipated

PARADOX BROUGHT FROM VARIOUS MEANINGS OF “COMPACT VILLAGES” AND “COMPACT PLUS NETWORK” POLICY

国土計画における「コンパクト＋ネットワーク」政策の下，非都市部における生活の持続可能性を担保するために始まった小さな拠点形成に対し，選定の統一的基準は政府から未だ示されていない．本研究は客観的な小さな拠点選定を可能とするため，その選定手法を提案した上で，小さな拠点選定の試行を行った．その結果，選定基準に施設立地等「モノ」に加え住民活動等「コト」を採用する可能性を示した上で，選定基準の違いが小さな拠点選定結果を変化させ施設立地や機能の面で多義性を生じさせることを明らかにした．特に「交通ネットワーク」に着目するとその改善が全ての小さな拠点に福音をもたらすのではなくむしろ選別が進むという，「コンパクト＋ネットワーク」政策上のパラドクスの存在可能性を指摘した． “Compact Villages” have been set in rural areas under the “Compact plus Network” of national land policy. However, the government has not indicated how to choose Compact Villages. This study was undertaken to ascertain suitable locations for Compact Villages and to consider how to choose Compact Villages. From our analyses, we identified the possibility that not only a distribution of daily facilities, but also the social capital produced by residents can maintain standards. We presented various meanings of Compact Villages occurring from variation of the function and distribution of daily facilities produced by differences of chosen standards. Especially, the improvements of road network infrastructure will not bring benefits to all Compact Villages. Rather, it will promote the selection of fewer Compact Villages. This suggests that policy of “Compact plus Network” may have paradox

広域的視点から見る断片化された都市計画の実態：市町村マスタープラン連結図より

現在日本において人口減少社会に対応した「コンパクト＋ネットワーク」を実現するための都市計画が進んでいる．また地方分権の進展とともに市町村単位の都市計画が進められているが，その計画は広域的な視点から見たときの整合性(広域的整合性)を確保できているか疑問が残る．本研究は市町村における都市計画が広域的整合性を確保できているのか把握することを目的とする．具体的な方法として，市町村MPで記載されている将来都市構造図に着目し，県域レベルの市町村MP連結図を作成することで都市計画の広域的整合性を把握した．作成した連結図から，市町村の「コンパクト＋ネットワーク」を実現するための都市計画は広域的整合性を確保できておらず，各市町村MPが断片化していることを明らかにし，各市町村で都市計画を一致させる必要性を示唆した． Recently, a plan based on the concept of “Compact and networks” is progressing in societies experi-encing a population decline. However, planning has been promoted in municipalities because of the influ-ence of decentralization. Therefore, it remains doubtful whether city planning has consistency from a wide viewpoint. The purpose of this study is examination, from a wide viewpoint, whether a municipal master plan has consistency. To achieve that purpose, we create a consolidated map of a municipal master plan by particularly addressing the future urban structure in a municipal master plan. Because of the con-solidated map of the municipal master plan, results show that each regional plan is fragmented. Addition-ally, results suggest that it is necessary to match the plan in each municipalit

都市計画マスタープランにみる市町村間交通軸の整合性 : 交通インフラの整備状況に着目して

日本は人口減少・高齢化が進んでおり，地方都市では生活サービス水準の確保のための市町村間ネットワークの構築が望まれている．その構築のためには市町村間で計画が整合していることが重要である．そこで本研究は市町村都市計画マスタープランにおける交通軸がどのような市町村間で整合していないのか，市町村間の関係や交通インフラ等に着目して把握することを目的とする．栃木県を対象に分析した結果，1) 鉄道を市町村間の交通軸として位置付けていない市町村が3割存在すること，2) 市町村間で位置付けが整合していない交通軸は3分の2程度存在すること，3) 計画が整合していない拠点間ほど公共交通が存在しない傾向にあること，4) 2桁及び3桁県道，市道，計画中の道路等において計画が整合していない傾向にあること，がわかった

Truncated SSX Protein Suppresses Synovial Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting the Localization of SS18-SSX Fusion Protein

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively rare high-grade soft tissue sarcoma that often develops in the limbs of young people and induces the lung and the lymph node metastasis resulting in poor prognosis. In patients with synovial sarcoma, specific chromosomal translocation of t(X; 18) (p11.2; q11.2) is observed, and SS18-SSX fusion protein expressed by this translocation is reported to be associated with pathogenesis. However, role of the fusion protein in the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma has not yet been completely clarified. In this study, we focused on the localization patterns of SS18-SSX fusion protein. We constructed expression plasmids coding for the full length SS18-SSX, the truncated SS18 moiety (tSS18) and the truncated SSX moiety (tSSX) of SS18-SSX, tagged with fluorescent proteins. These plasmids were transfected in synovial sarcoma SYO-1 cells and we observed the expression of these proteins using a fluorescence microscope. The SS18-SSX fusion protein showed a characteristic speckle pattern in the nucleus. However, when SS18-SSX was co-expressed with tSSX, localization of SS18-SSX changed from speckle patterns to the diffused pattern similar to the localization pattern of tSSX and SSX. Furthermore, cell proliferation and colony formation of synovial sarcoma SYO-1 and YaFuSS cells were suppressed by exogenous tSSX expression. Our results suggest that the characteristic speckle localization pattern of SS18-SSX is strongly involved in the tumorigenesis through the SSX moiety of the SS18-SSX fusion protein. These findings could be applied to further understand the pathogenic mechanisms, and towards the development of molecular targeting approach for synovial sarcoma

Efeitos do ácido naftalenoacético no desenvolvimento in vitro de Cattleya bicolor Lindl. (Orchidaceae)

The techniques of in vitro micropropagation allow the production of large amounts of plants. However, when transferred to the natural environment these plants are susceptible to rapid water loss. The induction of a larger number of roots in orchid plants propagated in vitro would provide a greater water uptake, thus reducing the effects of water loss and increasing the probability of plant survival. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the synthetic auxin naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) on the in vitro development of plants of Cattleya bicolor, especially regarding root formation. A quantitative analysis of biometric variables of plants grown in different concentrations of NAA (0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 1 and 2 mg.L-1) during 180 and 360 days were carried out. In 360 days, addition of 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA significantly promoted plant growth, increasing length and dry mass of shoot and root portion in relation to the control. Toxicity evidences were detected at 2 mg.L-1 NAA. Therefore, the use of 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA not only promoted the de novo formation and longitudinal growth of roots, but also stimulated shoot development of C. bicolor plants. The results presented in this paper represent an important scientific advance since the growth of most Orchidaceae species is very slow when compared to other herbaceous plant families.O cultivo in vitro permite a produção de grande quantidade de plantas. Entretanto, quando são transferidas para o ambiente natural, estas plantas se tornam susceptíveis ao rápido dessecamento. O aumento do número de raízes de orquídeas propagadas por meio dessa técnica possibilitaria maior absorção de água, reduzindo os efeitos da dessecação e aumentando a probabilidade de sobrevivência das plantas. O presente trabalho analisou os efeitos da auxina ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) sobre o desenvolvimento in vitro de plantas de Cattleya bicolor, especialmente com relação à formação de raízes. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise quantitativa de parâmetros biométricos de plantas incubadas em diferentes concentrações de ANA (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1 e 2 mg.L-1) durante 180 e 360 dias. Em 360 dias, a adição de 0,5 mg.L-1 de ANA promoveu significativamente o crescimento, aumentando o comprimento e a massa seca caulinar e radicial em relação ao controle. A concentração de 2mg L-1 apresentou indícios de toxicidade. Portanto, a utilização de 0,5 mg.L-1 de ANA promoveu a neoformação e o crescimento longitudinal das raízes, além de estimular o desenvolvimento caulinar em plantas de C. bicolor. Os resultados descritos neste trabalho representam um importante avanço científico, uma vez que o crescimento é bastante lento na maioria das espécies da família Orchidaceae, comparativamente às outras famílias de plantas herbáceas

多様化するコンパクトシティ政策がもたらすクロスセクターベネフィットの可能性

コンパクトシティ政策を推進するセクターの多様化が進む一方で，セクター間の波及効果を意味するクロスセクターベネフィットの実態は十分に言及されていない．その存在次第では，これまで地方自治体が主たる目的としていなかったセクターにおいても波及効果が生じている可能性がある．本研究では，地方自治体が目的とするセクターごとに代表的な評価指標を設定し，その数値を実際に計測することでセクター間の関係性を定量的に分析した．その結果，評価指標値の傾向はセクターごとに異なる一方で，地方自治体が想定していなかったセクターで高い評価結果を示す場合があった．さらに各セクター間に統計的に有意な相関性が確認されたことから，コンパクトシティ政策にクロスセクターベネフィットが存在する可能性を初めて裏付けることができた

Significant growth suppression of synovial sarcomas by the histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 in vitro and in vivo

About 97% of synovial sarcomas harbor the SYT-SSX fusion gene by chromosomal translocation. We found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor FK228 significantly suppressed the growth of synovial sarcoma cells as compared with that of osteosarcoma. The 50% growth inhibition IC50 value we obtained for FK228 was 0.02-0.2 nM, and it indicates that its suppression effect on synovial sarcoma cells is the highest of any of the HDAC inhibitors yet reported. It was not likely that the growth suppression of FK228 depends on the doubling time of these cells. Introduction of SYT-SSX cDNA into HEK293 cells enhanced the sensitivity of the cells for FK228. Immunostaining of the FK228-treated cells using an anti-acetyl-histone H3 antibody showed that FK228 inhibits deacetylation of histone. In a mice assay, the growth of synovial sarcoma cells was markedly inhibited by FK228 treatment, and the invasion of tumors into surrounding tissues was suppressed. These results suggest that FK228 may be useful in developing therapeutic strategies to treat synovial sarcoma