The role of forensic geoscience in wildlife crime detection

The increase in both automation and precision in the analysis of geological materials has had significant impact upon forensic investigations in the last 10 years. There is however, a fundamental philosophical difference between forensic and geological enquiry. This paper presents the results of forensic geoscientific investigations of three cases of wildlife crime. Two cases involve the analysis of soils recovered after incidents of illegal badger baiting in the United Kingdom. The third case involves the illegal importation of Eleonora's Falcon (Falco eleonorae) into the United Kingdom from the Mediterranean. All three cases utilise the analysis of soils by a variety of physical, chemical and biological techniques. These involve mineral and grain size analyses, cation and anion compositions, pH, organic content and pollen analysis.The independent analysis undertaken by specialists in each of these three main fields conclude firstly, that there is a significant similarity between sediments taken at the crime site at both badger setts and with sediments recovered from various spades, shovels and clothing belonging to suspects and secondly, that the soils analysed associated with the removal of the falcon eggs in the Mediterranean contained characteristics similar in many respects to the soils of the breeding areas of E eleonorae on the cliffs of Mallorca. The use of these independent techniques in wildlife crime detection has great potential given the ubiquitous nature of soils and sediments found in association with wildlife sites. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Fishes of the King Edward and Carson Rivers with their Belaa and Ngarinyin names

During two separate sampling trips, in October to November 2004 and in June to July 2005, 42 sites on the King Edward River and Carson River and their tributaries were sampled for fish. Fish were captured using fine mesh seine nets and gill nets and were observed using mask and snorkel and from visual surveys. The results of this study have revealed that the number of freshwater fishes (species diversity) of the King Edward River is higher than has previously been recorded for a Western Australian river. Twenty-six freshwater fish species were recorded, which is three species higher than the much larger Fitzroy River in the southern Kimberley. The study also resulted in a number of range extensions, including Butler’s Grunter and Silver Cobbler to the west, and the Slender Gudgeon to the north and east. What appears to be an undescribed species of glassfish was captured. It differs morphologically from described species in head spines (or lack of), fin rays, as well as relative body measurements. Similarly, an undescribed ectoparasite, Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Branchiura), was found on the caudal (tail) fin lobes of one Black Bream (Jenkin’s Grunter) and three Spangled Perch. Interestingly, a considerable proportion of Black Bream, which is widespread throughout the system but essentially restricted to main channel sites, had ‘blubber-lips’. There were significant differences in the prevailing fish fauna of the different reaches of the King Edward River system. Thus fish associations in the upper King Edward River main channel were significantly different to those in the tributaries and the main channel of the Carson River. Similarly, the fauna of the Carson River, which was much more diverse than the King Edward River main channel and tributary sites, was characterised by many species that were not found in other parts of the river. The presence of barriers, in the form of waterfalls which do not permit upstream migrations of fishes are considered to be the main factor in limiting the distribution of many species. For example, many species are restricted to the lower sections of the Carson River, and include Bony Bream, Lesser Salmon Catfish, Silver Cobbler, Black Catfish, False-spined Catfish, Freshwater Longtom, Prince Regent Hardyhead, Mouth Almighty, Barred Grunter and Butler’s Grunter. It is hypothesised that these natural barriers were in place long before many of these latter species colonised the King Edward River. Some species tend to only be found within tributary sites, e.g. Kimberley Mogurnda, while others are most abundant in tributaries rather than main channel sites, e.g. Western Rainbowfish and Spangled Perch. Waterfalls are also seen as limiting the number of migratory marine/estuarine species that enter freshwaters. For example, only three species that require the marine/estuarine environment to complete their life-cycle (i.e. salt water) were captured in the freshwaters of the King Edward River system. This compares to 14 species that utilise the freshwaters of the Fitzroy River

Quantitative test of thermal field theory for Bose-Einstein condensates II

We have recently derived a gapless theory of the linear response of a Bose-condensed gas to external perturbations at finite temperature and used it to explain quantitatively the measurements of condensate excitations and decay rates made at JILA [D. S. Jin et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 764 (1997)]. The theory describes the dynamic coupling between the condensate and non-condensate via a full quasiparticle description of the time-dependent normal and anomalous averages and includes all Beliaev and Landau processes. In this paper we provide a full discussion of the numerical calculations and a detailed analysis of the theoretical results in the context of the JILA experiment. We provide unambiguous proof that the dipole modes are obtained accurately within our calculations and present quantitative results for the relative phase of the oscillations of the condensed and uncondensed atom clouds. One of the main difficulties in the implementation of the theory is obtaining results which are not sensitive to basis cutoff effects and we have therefore developed a novel asymmetric summation method which solves this problem and dramatically improves the numerical convergence. This new technique should make the implementation of the theory and its possible future extensions feasible for a wide range of condensate populations and trap geometries.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, revtex 4. Submitted to PRA. Sequel to: S. A. Morgan et al, PRL, 91, 250403 (2003

Deploying a spreadsheet tool for early economic value assessment of medical device innovations with healthcare decision makers

Early stage evaluation of medical device innovations is important for healthcare decision-makers as much as for manufacturers, meaning that a wider application of a basic cost-effectiveness analysis is becoming necessary outside the usual expert base of health technology assessment specialists. Resulting from an academic-industry-healthcare professional collaboration, a spreadsheet tool is described that was designed to be accessible both to professionals in healthcare delivery organisations and to innovators in the healthcare technology industry who are non-experts in the field of health economics. The tool enables a basic cost-effectiveness analysis to be carried out, using a simplified decision-tree model to compare costs and patient benefit for a new device-related procedure with that of standard care employing an incumbent device or other alternative. Such a tool is useful to healthcare professionals because it enables them to rapidly elucidate the cost-effectiveness of heterogeneous innovations by means of the standard quality adjusted life year (QALY) measure of clinical outcome, which is intended to be broadly comparable across treatments. For the innovator or manufacturer it helps them focus on what is required for future stages of development, in order to fill gaps in the input data and so further strengthen their case from a health economics perspective. Results are presented of first experiences from deploying the tool on three medical device exemplars, in face-to-face meetings of the NHS National Innovation Centre (NIC) along with the innovator or clinical champion. The results show that mapping of device-related innovations to the tool is achievable in a short meeting between the NIC and the innovator using expected costs, outcomes data from the literature and estimates of ranges for unknown input data. Whilst the result of a simplified analysis is not expected to be definitive, the process of reasoning is found to be illuminating for the parties involved, enabling innovators to articulate the benefits of their innovations and for all parties to highlight gaps in data and evidence that will be required to take the innovation forward. The partnership model of the authors’ organisation supports the kind of cooperative design approach that is necessary to produce the kind of tool described.---------------------------7dd39101208fa Content-Disposition: form-data; name="c14_creators_1_name_family" Crave

Recent Langley helicopter acoustics contributions

The helicopter acoustics program at NASA Langley has included technology for elements of noise control ranging from sources of noise to receivers of noise. The scope of Langley contributions for about the last decade is discussed. Specifically, the resolution of two certification noise quantification issues by subjective acoustics research, the development status of the helicopter system noise prediction program ROTONET are reviewed and the highlights from research on blade rotational, broadband, and blade vortex interaction noise sources are presented. Finally, research contributions on helicopter cabin (or interior) noise control are presented. A bibliography of publications from the Langley helicopter acoustics program for the past 10 years is included

Retroperitoneal extramedullary hematopoietic pseudotumor in ataxia-telangiectasia.

Ataxia-telangiectasia confers a significant increase in the development of several cancer types, most commonly leukemia and lymphoma. However, as the natural history for these patients is evolving and their lifespan is increasing, there is the potential for the development of additional uncommon tumors in an already rare patient population. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of an incidental retroperitoneal tumor in a 26-year-old woman undergoing evaluation for hepatic dysfunction. The mass was suspicious for retroperitoneal sarcoma, but proved to be an extramedullary hematopoietic pseudotumor after extensive pathologic evaluation. The changing landscape of neoplasms associated with ataxia-telangiectasia is discussed with emphasis on previously underreported benign and malignant tumors

CO mapping of the Orion molecular cloud: The influence of star formation on cloud structure

Regions of massive star formation have long been believed to have a profound influence on the structure of their surrounding molecular clouds. The ways in which massive star formation has altered the structure and kinematics of the Orion Molecular Cloud are discussed. The data to be discussed consists of a large scale map of the CO J=1-0 emission from approximately 3 square degrees of OMC-1. During 1985, the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory 14M antenna was used to map a 2 deg x 1 deg region centered on alpha(1950) = 5(h)33(m)00(s) delta(1950) = -5 deg 30 min. The region mapped in 1985 covers the well known HII regions M42, M43, and NGC1977, and the CO map contains abundant evidence of the interaction between these regions and the molecular cloud. Indeed, the global structure of the cloud appears to have been strongly influenced by the continuous formation of massive stars within the cloud. Individual instances of some of these features are discussed. There appear to be two classes of features which are indicative of this interaction: CO bright rims and CO holes. During 1986, we have undertaken further mapping of OMC-1 to the south of the region covered by the 1985 map. This portion of the cloud contains significant regions of star formation, but O star formation has not occured and large HII regions have not developed to alter the appearance of the cloud. A detailed map of this region is thus an opportunity to view the structure of the molecular cloud before it has been altered by massive star formation. Preliminary analysis of data obtained in this region suggests that the structure and kinematics of the southern portion of the Orion cloud are indeed dramatically different from those of the region previously mapped. Comparison of the two regions thus supports models of the development of structure in molecular clouds through interaction with the HII regions formed within them

Star formation rates and chemical abundances of emission line galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters

We examine the evolutionary status of luminous, star-forming galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters by considering their star formation rates and the chemical and ionsiation properties of their interstellar emitting gas. Our sample consists of 17 massive, star-forming, mostly disk galaxies with M_{B}<-20, in clusters with redshifts in the range 0.31< z <0.59, with a median of =0.42. We compare these galaxies with the identically selected and analysed intermediate-redshift field sample of Mouhcine et al. (2006), and with local galaxies from the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey of Jansen et al. (2000). From our optical spectra we measure the equivalent widths of OII, Hbeta and OIII emission lines to determine diagnostic line ratios, oxygen abundances, and extinction-corrected star formation rates. The star-forming galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters display emission line equivalent widths which are, on average, significantly smaller than measured for field galaxies at comparable redshifts. However, a contrasting fraction of our cluster galaxies have equivalent widths similar to the highest observed in the field. This tentatively suggests a bimodality in the star-formation rates per unit luminosity for galaxies in distant clusters. We find no evidence for further bimodalities, or differences between our cluster and field samples, when examining additional diagnostics and the oxygen abundances of our galaxies. This maybe because no such differences exist, perhaps because the cluster galaxies which still display signs of star-formation have recently arrived from the field. In order to examine this topic with more certainty, and to further investigate the way in which any disparity varies as a function of cluster properties, larger spectroscopic samples are needed.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS in pres