3,704 research outputs found

    Optimal Fair Scheduling in S-TDMA Sensor Networks for Monitoring River Plumes

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    Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a promising technology to provide oceanographers with environmental data in real time. Suitable network topologies to monitor estuaries are formed by strings coming together to a sink node.This network may be understood as an oriented graph. A number of MAC techniques can be used in UWSNs, but Spatial-TDMA is preferred for fixed networks. In this paper, a scheduling procedure to obtain the optimal fair frame is presented, under ideal conditions of synchronization and transmission errors. The main objective is to find the theoretical maximum throughput by overlapping the transmissions of the nodes while keeping a balanced received data rate from each sensor, regardless of its location in the network. The procedure searches for all cliques of the compatibility matrix of the network graph and solves a Multiple-Vector Bin Packing (MVBP) problem. This work addresses the optimization problem and provides analytical and numerical results for both the minimum frame length and the maximum achievable throughput

    Optimal scheduling and fair servicepolicy for STDMA in underwater networks with acoustic communications

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    In this work, a multi-hop string network with a single sink node is analyzed. A periodic optimal scheduling for TDMA operation that considers the characteristic long propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel is presented. This planning of transmissions is obtained with the help of a new geometrical method based on a 2D lattice in the space-time domain. In order to evaluate the performance of this optimal scheduling, two service policies have been compared: FIFO and Round-Robin. Simulation results, including achievable throughput, packet delay, and queue length, are shown. The network fairness has also been quantified with the Gini index

    Demografía de la lengua española

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    Within the study of the social and economic roles of the world’s languages, the demographic aspect –ie, the number of speakers– is often glossed over or presented with a great deal of inaccuracy. This working paper proposes a methodology for counting the number of Spanish speakers that allows a more detailed picture of the Spanish language in the international context. The methodology makes a distinction between a language’s native speakers, those of limited competence and learners of Spanish as a foreign language, and uses specific criteria for interpreting the available statistical sources. The data collected and set out using these criteria are presented in two different sections: on the one hand, those pertaining to the ‘Hispanic sphere’ (countries in which Spanish is the official language) and, on the other, those for speakers resident outside it. To the global results is added a comparative analysis with other international languages aimed at gaining a more precise idea of the Spanish language’s place in the world’s demographic and linguistic scenario.linguistic community, economic effects, transaction costs, economic operations, cultural industries

    Phase Velocity Method for Guided Wave Measurements in Composite Plates

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    Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer is a well-recognized material for aeronautic applications. Its plane structure has been widely used where anisotropic characteristics should be evaluated with flaw detection. A phase velocity method of ultrasonic guided waves based on a pitch-catch configuration is presented for this purpose. Both shear vertical (SV) and shear horizontal (SH) have been studied. For SV (Lamb waves) the measurements were done at different frequencies in order to evaluate the geometrical dispersion and elastic constants. The results for SV are discussed with an orthotropic elastic model. Finally experiments with lamination flaws are presented

    Diseño y cálculo de un sistema de protección contra incendios, ventilación y aislamiento acústico de una nave industrial

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    En este proyecto se ha realizado el estudio de aplicación de un sistema de protección, ventilación y aislamiento acústico con el que dotar a una nave industrial para llevar a cabo el desarrollo de una actividad comercial. El proyecto se puede dividir en varias partes en las que se ha llevado a cabo desde las nociones más generales hasta el cálculo de detalles más específicos. El objetivo de este proyecto será la realización del diseño y cálculo de los tres sistemas necesarios para la protección de la nave industrial. En una primera parte del proyecto se hace mención a los objetivos y motivaciones que han llevado a la ejecución del mismo, para posteriormente realizarse un estudio de los conceptos generales de las naves industriales. La segunda parte engloba una descripción de todas las instalaciones necesarias para dotar a la nave industrial de un correcto funcionamiento, describiendo los elementos más importantes de los sistemas contra incendios, ventilación, sistema de instalación eléctrica y suministro de fluidos y sistema de aislamiento acústico. Una vez realizada esta descripción de las instalaciones, se ha realizado todo el capítulo de cálculos, donde se ha diseñado mediante fórmulas matemáticas y de fluidotermia todo el diseño de los elementos de los sistemas de protección, ventilación y aislamiento. Este apartado ha permitido la elección de los diseños más adecuados para la dotación de unos sistemas que garanticen la integridad de la nave frente al origen de un foco de incendio, permitiendo una actuación rápida y eficaz para la extinción del mismo. El último apartado engloba las conclusiones y un presupuesto de lo que costaría la ejecución de todo el proyecto de aplicarse a la nave industrial, dando un resultado por elemento, aplicando un beneficio industrial del 15%. La parte final del proyecto está formada por todos los planos necesarios para el diseño de todos los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua, rociadores, BIES, servicios,..., pertenecientes al sistema de protección contra incendios, que permiten conocer el recorrido de estos sistemas y su distribución por la nave.Ingeniería Industria

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