Arbitraje de derecho administrativo y fuerza vinculante del precedente constitucional en Colombia

El presente escrito es un avance de investigación de una tesis doctoral sobre los alcances del arbitrajeg en Colombia y España. En él se afirma que, en el sistema jurídico colombiano, el arbitraje tiene naturaleza jurisdiccional. Además de ser jueces transitorios, los árbitros tienen un amplio margen de autonomía para escoger el derecho aplicable al caso. A esto se suma que, por ser un proceso de única instancia, susceptible únicamente del recurso de anulación, el cual procede por vicios de forma o procedimiento, no existe vía procesal para cuestionar el fondo de la decisión. La investigación es descriptiva y se hace desde el enfoque cualitativo. El objetivo general del artículo es demostrar que, a pesar de lo anterior, y a esa idea se llegó en las conclusiones, los árbitros están sometidos al precedente de la Corte Constitucional, en virtud de los principios de supremacía constitucional, interpretación conforme y seguridad jurídica. El propósito del artículo es generar argumentos para que, desde los procesos arbitrales, se respeten los precedentes constitucionales

Flavour in "Pedro Ximénez" grape musts subjected to maceration processes

Crushed grapes of  Vitis vinifera cv. Pedro Ximenez were macerated at 10, 15 and 25°C for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The musts obtained after pressing were used for the determination of higher alcohols, esters and terpene compounds. The data was subjected to discriminant analysis, obtaining three functions of difficult interpretation. A fruitiness index (SIGMA favourable aromas/SIGMA unfavourable aromas) x 100 and the total of phenolic compounds were subjected to variance and multiple range analyses which revealed significant differences (p<0.01) for maceration times and temperatures. Taking into account the fruitiness index and phenolic compound values, as well as the significant differences obtained by multifactorial (time-temperature) variance analysis, the 24 h-10°C, 4 h-15°C, 16 h-15°C and 24 h-15°C were the best condition

Arquitectura de PLN aplicada al contexto de la salud mental

At a global level, the situation caused by COVID-19 has created a worrying and discouraging reality, especially for governments, especially for the most vulnerable populations due to the fact that they do not know how to eradicate the pandemic, many have not been able to overcome the challenges mainly emerging from an infectious disease with implications for physical health and which has also profoundly affected people's mental health and well-being. Mental health affectations are problems that affect all of us at some point in our lives, either due to experiences we have experienced or even biological factors. Paying attention and providing the necessary support at an early stage is the key to preventing more severe effects. The discipline of natural language processing (NLP) is a sub-area of artificial intelligence (AI) that studies the interactions between computers and the language that humans speak. This research proposes the design and implementation of a comprehensive architecture based on AI, machine learning (ML) and PLN components, which will allow us to detect and analyze behavior patterns in people and generate possible early diagnoses of mental health diseases.A nivel global la situación acarreada por COVID-19, ha creado una realidad preocupante y desalentadora especialmente a los gobiernos en especialmente a las poblaciones más vulnerables por el hecho de desconocer como erradicar la pandemia, muchos no han podido superar los desafíos principalmente emergentes de una enfermedad infecciosa con implicaciones para la salud física y que también ha afectado profundamente la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas. Las afectaciones de salud mental son problemas que nos afectan a todos en algún momento de nuestras vidas, ya sea por experiencias que hemos vivido o incluso factores biológicos. Prestarle la atención y brindar el apoyo necesario en una etapa temprana es la clave para prevenir afectaciones más severas. La disciplina del procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN), es una sub área inteligencia artificial (IA) que estudia las interacciones entre las computadoras y el lenguaje que hablamos los humanos. En esta investigación se propone el diseño e implementación de una arquitectura integral basada en componentes de IA, aprendizaje automático (ML) y PLN, la cual nos permitirá detectar y analizar patrones de comportamiento en las personas y generar posibles diagnósticos tempranos a enfermedades de salud mental

A comparison of Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II), Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP-II) and SNAPPE-II in predicting parenteral nutrition necessity in low birth weight preterm neonates.

Advances in perinatal care have made it possible to improve survival of low birth weight neonates. Clinical risk index for babies (CRIB-II), score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP-II), and SNAP-perinatal extension-II (SNAPPE-II) have been used as mortality predictors for preterm infants. Feeding intolerance is very frequent in preterm neonates, and the development of an early effective biomarker for its prediction could be useful for carrying out a proper feeding strategy. Our aim was to compare the ability of CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II in predict the feeding intolerance and parenteral nutrition necessity in preterm neonates. Methods: A retrospective cohort study on preterm neonates’ born at Jaen Hospital Complex with low birth weight and ≤ 36 weeks of gestation was done. Epidemiological, clinical and clinical scores CRIB II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II were recorded. Results: 255 low birth weight preterm neonates, 131 males (51.4%), aged ≤32 weeks of gestation (71%), were enrolled at our hospital. Parenteral nutrition needed were significantly higher in preterm neonates weighed 2500-1500 g (73.3%) and ≤ 1000g (87%). CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II mean values were higher in neonates group subjected to parenteral nutrition compared with oral nutrition (p<0.05). CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II scores significantly correlated with parenteral nutrition days (p<0.05). Overall mortality rate was 11%. The 78.6% of all deceased infants needed parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II) better than SNAPPE-II correlated with the feeding intolerance and thus the parenteral nutrition days in preterm neonates with low birth weight.Subvencionado: Ayuda del Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Erratum

Flavour in "Pedro Ximénez" grape musts subjected to maceration processesVitis 33 (2), 87-91 (1994

La integración y sus convenios internacionales en América Latina

Hablar hoy de globalización conlleva consigo a relacionar la temática de la integración y sus convenios internacionales, los cuales van tipificándose de acuerdo a las regiones, los bloques y los países donde más requieren de desarrollo y necesidad de asociatividad. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente paper es hacer un constructo teórico y bibliográfico en forma breve de los convenios de integración más importantes en América Latina, en donde se presenta una compilación de la historia y la explicación de los principales convenios fruto de la integración en Latinoamérica. En la parte metodológica, el tipo y método de estudio fue la recopilación documental, la síntesis y la compilación, por último, la investigación da cuenta de que estos esquemas de integración son mecanismos de choque a poblaciones, que requieren de ajustes en diversas facetas económicas, normativas, tecnológicas, ambientales e industriales, sin embargo, los gobiernos tendrán que realizar ajustes en sus normas, en sus infraestructuras, en sus trámites, y prepararse al interior de su administración para dichos procesos de integración. De la misma manera, quedo claro que el tema de la integración debe ser inherente a los pueblos Latinoamericanos, a fin de consolidar y fortalecer sus democracias como garantías de cambios profundos, en procura de una mejor calidad de vida para la región.Globalization today is closelylinked to topics regarding integration and international agreements, which, in turn, are categorized according to the regions, blocs and countries needing the most development and association. In this sense, this paper aims at providing a theoretical construct and a literature review of the most important integration agreements in Latin America. A historic compilation and a brief explanation of the main agreements are set forth. The methodology used was a document review, synthesis, and compilation. Finally, it is established that these integration schemes are urgent measures to be adopted by the countries or regions that require adjustments in different areas: Economy, Regulation, Technology, Environment, and/or Industry. However, governments need to modify their regulations, infrastructure, and procedures -especially their administrative procedures- in order to prepare for these integration processes. To conclude, integration must be an inherent topic for the Latin American countries so as to consolidate and strengthen democratic regimes and grant deep changes to improve the quality of life for people in the region

Stellar Populations in type Ia supernova host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift: Star formation and metallicity enrichment histories

We present a summary of our project that studies galaxies hosting type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at different redshifts. We present Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC) optical spectroscopy of six SN Ia host galaxies at redshift $z\sim 0.4-0.5$. They are joined to a set of SN Ia host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift, which include galaxies from surveys SDSS and COSMOS. The final sample, after a selection of galaxy spectra in terms of signal-to-noise and other characteristics, consists of 680 galaxies with redshift in the range $0.04 < z < 1$. We perform an inverse stellar population synthesis with the code {\sc fado} to estimate the star formation and enrichment histories of this set of galaxies, simultaneously obtaining their mean stellar age and metallicity and stellar mass. After analysing the correlations among these characteristics, we look for possible dependencies of the Hubble diagram residuals and supernova features (luminosity, color and strength parameter) on these stellar parameters. We find that the Hubble residuals show a clear dependence on the stellar metallicity weighted by mass with a slope of -0.061\,mag\,dex$^{-1}$, when represented in logarithmic scale, $\log{ \langle Z_{M}/Z_{\odot}\rangle }$. This result supports our previous findings obtained from gas oxygen abundances for local and SDSS-survey galaxies. Comparing with other works from the literature that also use the stellar metallicity, we find a similar value, but with more precision and a better significance (2.08 vs $\sim$ 1.1), due to the higher number of objects and wider range of redshift of our sample.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ