Inteligencia artificial en e-learning escenarios plausibles en Latinoamérica y nuevas competencias de egreso

Industry 4.0 as a result of the technological revolution reached an unprecedented impact worldwide; this transformation continues, now in search of an inclusive and just society, where smart technologies coexist under the control and for the service of human beings. Faced with this scenario, the university is responsible for training software engineers with autonomous and competitive profiles in artificial intelligence as a means of access to social and economic development in each country. A proposal of e-learning graduate competencies is proposed, after a prospective analysis of artificial intelligence in a virtual environment in Latin America

Desarrollo ontogénico y cambio socioambiental en la comarca Lozoya- Somosierra (Madrid). 1981-1996.

This work aims to describe and to analyse the effects of socio-environmental changes on bioanthropological characteristics in the Lozoya-Somosierra area (Madrid) during 15 years. Several statistical techniques were carried out on the cense, interviews and mesure data of a schoolchildren sample. Results show a favorable effect of socio-economic improve, population hetero * Sección de Antropología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 223 M. D. Marrodán, et al. Desarrollo ontogénico y cambio socioambiental... genicity and nutritional and sanitary accesibility over the growth and maduration of children. These results are similar in other studies and they are in the same sense that the general idea about the human biological susceptibibility of the environment. RÉSUMÉ Le présent travail a pour objetif l'analyse de l'influence des changements socioenvironnementals qui ont eu place sur les charactéristiques bioantropologiques dans la région de Lozoya-Somosierra (Madrid) pendant 15 années. Les donnés, lesquels sont venues des registres censés, des enquêtes et des mesures sur un échantillon représentatif de la population scolaire, ont été analysées avec plusieurs techniques statistiques. Les résultats montre que les changements pour le progrès socioéconomique, la variabilité génétique et la accessibilité aux ressources nutritionnelles et sanitation, ont été un effet positif sur la croissance et la maduration de la population infantile. Ces resultats sont pareil avec d'autres études et avec la réflexion généralisée de la subceptibilité biologique humaine en face a l'environnement immédiat. 1.Este estudio describe y analiza las consecuencias bioantropológicas del cambio socioambiental acontecido en la comarca Lozoya-Somosierra (Madrid) durante 15 años. Los datos, procedentes de registros censales, encuestas y medición de una muestra representativa de la población escolar, se han analizado matemáticamente, empleando diferentes técnicas estadísticas. Los resultados indican que el cambio socioambiental que ha tenido lugar en la comarca entre los años 1981 y 1996, en el sentido de la mejora socioeconómica, la heterogenicidad poblacional y la accesibilidad a los recursos nutricionales y sanitarios, ha supuesto una repercusión positiva en el crecimiento y maduración de la población infantil. Son resultados en consonancia con otros estudios y con la reflexión generalizada de la susceptibilidad biológica humana frente a su entorno inmediato

Predictive Fault Diagnosis for Ship Photovoltaic Modules Systems Applications

[EN] In this paper, an application for the management and supervision by predictive fault diagnosis (PFD) of solar power generation systems is developed through a National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) 2000 smart sensor network. Here, the NMEA 2000 network sensor devices for measuring and supervising the parameters inherent to solar power generation and renewable energy supply are applied. The importance of renewable power generation systems in ships is discussed, as well as the causes of photovoltaic modules (PVMs) aging due to superimposed causes of degradation, which is a natural and inexorable phenomenon that affects photovoltaic installations in a special way. In ships, PVMs are doubly exposed to inclement weather (solar radiation, cold, rain, dust, humidity, snow, wind, electrical storms, etc.), pollution, and a particularly aggressive environment in terms of corrosion. PFD techniques for the real-world installation and safe navigation of PVMs are discussed. A specific method based on the online analysis of the time-series data of random and seasonal I¿V parameters is proposed for the comparative trend analyses of solar power generation. The objective is to apply PFD using as predictor symptom parameter (PS) the generated power decrease in affected PVMs. This PFD method allows early fault detection and isolation, whose appearance precedes by an adequate margin of maneuver, from the point of view of maintenance tasks applications. This early detection can stop the cumulative degradation phenomenon that causes the development of the most frequent and dangerous failure modes of solar modules, such as hot-spots. It is concluded that these failure modes can be conveniently diagnosed by performing comparative trend analyses of the measured power parameters by NMEA sensors.García Moreno, E.; Quiles Cucarella, E.; Zotovic Stanisic, R.; Gutiérrez, SC. (2022). Predictive Fault Diagnosis for Ship Photovoltaic Modules Systems Applications. Sensors. 22(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2206217512122

Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors

[EN] This work proposes a method for real-time supervision and predictive fault diagnosis applicable to solar panel strings in real-world installations. It is focused on the detection and parametric isolation of fault symptoms through the analysis of the Voc-Isc curves. The method performs early, systematic, online, automatic, permanent predictive supervision, and diagnosis of a high sampling frequency. It is based on the supervision of predictive electrical parameters easily accessible by the design of its architecture, whose detection and isolation precedes with an adequate margin of maneuver, to be able to alert and stop by means of automatic disconnection the degradation phenomenon and its cumulative effect causing the development of a future irrecoverable failure. Its architecture design is scalable and integrable in conventional photovoltaic installations. It emphasizes the use of low-cost technology such as the ESP8266 module, ASC712-5A, and FZ0430 sensors and relay modules. The method is based on data acquisition with the ESP8266 module, which is sent over the internet to the computer where a SCADA system (iFIX V6.5) is installed, using the Modbus TCP/IP and OPC communication protocols. Detection thresholds are initially obtained experimentally by applying inductive shading methods on specific solar panels.García Moreno, E.; Ponluisa, N.; Quiles Cucarella, E.; Zotovic Stanisic, R.; Gutiérrez, SC. (2022). Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors. Sensors. 22(1):1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2201033212922

Optically addressing interaction of Mg/MgO plasmonic systems with hydrogen

Magnesium-based films and nanostructures are being studied in order to improve hydrogen reversibility, storage capacity, and kinetics, because of their potential in the hydrogen economy. Some challenges with magnesium (Mg) samples are their unavoidable oxidation by air exposure and lack of direct in situ real time measurements of hydrogen interaction with Mg and MgO surfaces and Mg plasmonic nanoparticles. Given these challenges, the present article investigates direct interaction of Mg with hydrogen, as well as implications of its inevitable oxidation by real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry for exploiting the optical properties of Mg, MgH2 and MgO. The direct hydrogenation measurements have been performed in a reactor that combines a remote hydrogen plasma source with an in situ spectroscopic ellipsometer, which allows optical monitoring of the hydrogen interaction and results in optical property modification. The hydrogen plasma dual use is to provide the hydrogen-atoms and to reduce barriers to heterogeneous hydrogen reactions.European Commission under the H2020 grant TWINFUSYON (GA692034). Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-17-2-0023. SODERCAN (Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria) through the Research Vicerrectorate of the University of Cantabria

Gallium plasmonic nanoantennas unveiling multiple kinetics of hydrogen sensing, storage, and spillover

Hydrogen is the key element to accomplish a carbon-free based economy. Here, the first evidence of plasmonic gallium (Ga) nanoantennas is provided as nanoreactors supported on sapphire (α-Al2O3) acting as direct plasmon-enhanced photocatalyst for hydrogen sensing, storage, and spillover. The role of plasmon-catalyzed electron transfer between hydrogen and plasmonic Ga nanoparticle in the activation of those processes is highlighted, as opposed to conventional refractive index-change-based sensing. This study reveals that, while temperature selectively operates those various processes, longitudinal (LO-LSPR) and transverse (TO-LSPR) localized surface plasmon resonances of supported Ga nanoparticles open selectivity of localized reaction pathways at specific sites corresponding to the electromagnetic hot-spots. Specifically, the TO-LSPR couples light into the surface dissociative adsorption of hydrogen and formation of hydrides, whereas the LO-LSPR activates heterogeneous reactions at the interface with the support, that is, hydrogen spillover into α-Al2O3 and reverse-oxygen spillover from α-Al2O3. This Ga-based plasmon-catalytic platform expands the application of supported plasmon-catalysis to hydrogen technologies, including reversible fast hydrogen sensing in a timescale of a few seconds with a limit of detection as low as 5 ppm and in a broad temperature range from room-temperature up to 600 °C while remaining stable and reusable over an extended period of time.The authors thank all of the students and colleagues in their groups who were actively involved with nanoparticles research. M.L., Y.G., and F.M. have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 899598—PHEMTRONICS. F.M. acknowledges MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project PGC2018-096649-B-100)

Polymorphic gallium for active resonance tuningin photonic nanostructures: from bulk gallium totwo-dimensional (2D) gallenene

Reconfigurable plasmonics is driving an extensive quest for active materials that can support a controllable modulation of their optical properties for dynamically tunable plasmonic structures. Here, polymorphic gallium (Ga) is demonstrated to be a very promising candidate for adaptive plasmonics and reconfigurable photonics applications. The Ga sp-metal is widely known as a liquid metal at room temperature. In addition to the many other compelling attributes of nanostructured Ga, including minimal oxidation and biocompatibility, its six phases have varying degrees of metallic character, providing a wide gamut of electrical conductivity and optical behavior tunability. Here, the dielectric function of the several Ga phases is introduced and correlated with their respective electronic structures. The key conditions for optimal optical modulation and switching for each Ga phase are evaluated. Additionally, we provide a comparison of Ga with other more common phase-change materials, showing better performance of Ga at optical frequencies. Furthermore, we first report, to the best of our knowledge, the optical properties of liquid Ga in the terahertz (THz) range showing its broad plasmonic tunability from ultraviolet to visible-infrared and down to the THz regime. Finally, we provide both computational and experimental evidence of extension of Ga polymorphism to bidimensional twodimensional (2D) gallenene, paving the way to new bidimensional reconfigurable plasmonic platforms.F.M. acknowledges MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) through project PGC2018-096649-B-100

Population growth potential of rotifers from a high altitude eutrophic waterbody, Madín reservoir (State of Mexico, Mexico): The importance of seasonal sampling

To understand the population growth potential of different species of rotifers in nature, field collections through seasons are essential. We sampled zooplankton (and measured selected physicochemical variables) from the Madín reservoir, a high altitude eutrophic urban waterbody from Mexico, every month for a year. Qualitative analysis of zooplankton revealed 28 rotifer species and four cladoceran crustaceans plus one unidentified copepod. Cephalodella catellina (1400 ind L-1), Horaella thomassoni (550 ind L-1), Conochilus dossuarius (380 ind L-1) and Filinia longiseta (25 ind L-1) had higher peak density than other rotifers. Based on the concentrations of nitrates and phosphates, chlorophyll a levels or different diversity indices (e.g., Carlson, Shannon-Wiener, Pantle and Buck, Ejsmont-Karabin’s TSIRot), the waterbody is eutrophic to hypertrophic, depending on the season. In this waterbody we observed high densities of Aphanothece sp. which is a toxic picocyanobacterium. During the blooms of Aphanothece, we also recorded higher densities of H. thomassoni and C. catellina. Based on the gut contents we found that both these rotifer species feed on Aphanothece in this waterbody. This study thus suggests the potential growth of Horaella, Cephalodella, Conochilus and Filinia in this eutrophic reservoir containing blooms of Aphanothece

N-carboxyrnethyl-D, L-threonine. Synthesis, acid properties and characterization in solid state

Se propone la síntesis de N-Carboximetil-D,L-Treonina (H2 CMT=H1 L) por condensación de D,L-treoninato y cloroacetato potásicos, desalinización parcial en medio neutro y posterior cambio iónico por resina catiónica en forma ácida. Rendimiento: 75%. El tratamiento mediante el programa HYPERQUAD de 238 datos potenciométricos de tres valoraciones de H2 CMT frente a KOH en KNO, O.IM a 25.00±0.05 oC y atmósfera inerte (N2 ) permite la determinación de las constantes de formación de sus especies protonadas, con las que se simula la curva de valoración. En estado sólido, el aminodiácido se caracteriza por su espectro IR y por análisis ténnico (TG-A TD).N-Carboxymethyl-D,L-threonine (H2 CMT=H2 L) was obtained by reaction of D,L threonine and chloroacetate in alkaline medium and followed by cation change with Amberlite IR-120(H) of the desalinized mother liquor. Yield: 75%. The treatment of 238 potentiometric data from three mixed solutions (H2 L +HCI) by HYPERQUAD program gives to log ,,=8.73(01), log 1 2 =1 1.22(01) and log 1.1=12.76(02) for the species HL-, H2 L and H. 1L' at 298°K, I=O.IM (KNO.1) and N2 inert atmosfere. These constants give a good simulation of the H2 L titration curve. The infrared spectra and TG-DT A data of H2 CMT are al so discussed on the basis of its zwitterionic structure

Amyloid- β reduces the expression of neuronal FAIM-L, thereby shifting the inflammatory response mediated by TNF α from neuronal protection to death

The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF α), a cytokine that has a dual function in neuronal cells. On one hand, TNF α can activate neuronal apoptosis, and on the other hand, it can protect these cells against amyloid- β (A β) toxicity. Given the dual behavior of this molecule, there is some controversy regarding its contribution to the pathogenesis of AD. Here we examined the relevance of the long form of Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule (FAIM) protein, FAIM-L, in regulating the dual function of TNF α. We detected that FAIM-L was reduced in the hippocampi of patients with AD. We also observed that the entorhinal and hippocampal cortex of a mouse model of AD (PS1xAPP) showed a reduction in this protein before the onset of neurodegeneration. Notably, cultured neurons treated with the cortical soluble fractions of these animals showed a decrease in endogenous FAIM-L, an effect that is mimicked by the treatment with A β -derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). The reduction in the expression of FAIM-L is associated with the progression of the neurodegeneration by changing the inflammatory response mediated by TNF α in neurons. In this sense, we also demonstrate that the protection afforded by TNF α against A β toxicity ceases when endogenous FAIM-L is reduced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by treatment with ADDLs. All together, these results support the notion that levels of FAIM-L contribute to determine the protective or deleterious effect of TNF α in neuronal cells