Giant FAZ10 is required for flagellum attachment zone stabilization and furrow positioning in Trypanosoma brucei

The flagellum and flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) are important cytoskeletal structures in trypanosomatids, being required for motility, cell division and cell morphogenesis. Trypanosomatid cytoskeletons contain abundant high molecular mass proteins (HMMPs), but many of their biological functions are still unclear. Here, we report the characterization of the giant FAZ protein, FAZ10, in Trypanosoma brucei, which, using immunoelectron microscopy, we show localizes to the intermembrane staples in the FAZ intracellular domain. Our data show that FAZ10 is a giant cytoskeletal protein essential for normal growth and morphology in both procyclic and bloodstream parasite life cycle stages, with its depletion leading to defects in cell morphogenesis, flagellum attachment, and kinetoplast and nucleus positioning. We show that the flagellum attachment defects are probably brought about by reduced tethering of the proximal domain of the paraflagellar rod to the FAZ filament. Further, FAZ10 depletion also reduces abundance of FAZ flagellum domain protein, ClpGM6. Moreover, ablation of FAZ10 impaired the timing and placement of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, resulting in premature or asymmetrical cell division

Danos citogenotóxicos em ecossistema aquático submetido a esgotamento sanitário urbano

O intenso crescimento populacional acompanhado de tratamentos inadequados de resíduos, tem resultado na destruição de ambientes dulciaquícolas em ecossistemas urbanos. O rio Sapato constitui o principal efluente na divisa dos municípios de Lauro de Freitas e Salvador, no estado da Bahia. Não obstante o crescente fluxo de despejo doméstico ao qual está submetido, inexistem dados ecotoxicológicos sobre este recurso hídrico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a citogenotoxidade da água do rio Sapato, em pontos de proximidade de esgotamento sanitário, utilizando o bioensaio de micronúcleos (MN) e alterações nucleares (AN) em tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus). A análise foi feita em região sob emissão de esgoto sanitário e nascente, nas estações seca (novembro e dezembro/2006) e chuvosa (março e abril/2007), sendo observadas 3000 células por animal (n=10). Os resultados foram analisados com o teste Kruskal Wallis e indicaram diferenças sazonais e uma freqüência maior de MN e AN no ponto submetido a esgotamento sanitário, em comparação aos valores do sítio referência. Conclui-se que as áreas impactadas já apresentam danos genocitotóxicos.Palavras-chave: anormalidades nucleares, esgotamento urbano, genotoxicidade, micronúcleo

Crops use-efficiency of nitrogen from a manure allowed for organic-farming

During the last decade, Europe bus witnessed a fast development in the organic agriculture segment. This lead to the emergence of new markets for fertilisers allowed for organic farming. Taking into account the relatively high prices of some of these products it is essential to look into their fertilizing value. In this work, the agronomic behavior, of an organic amendement allowed for organic farming was compared to that of a conventional N fertiliser. We lay out results of crops N nutritional indices, N uptake and aboveground dry matter yields from a double-cropping system, which includes a mixture of small grains as winter cover crop and silage maize as summer crop

Synthesis, In Vitro Antiproliferative And Anti-mycobacterium Tuberculosis Activities Of Novel β-carboline Derivatives

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)A series of β-carboline derivatives with amino or guanidinium were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for antiproliferative activities against nine human cancer cell lines. The compounds 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethylamine) β-carboline (24.9 μg mL-1) and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethylamine) β-carboline (26.9 μg mL-1) were the most active against M. Tuberculosis (MTB). Compounds 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethylamine) β-carboline and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline, which had the same substituted groups, inhibited the growth of all human tumor cell lines with growth inhibitory activity (GI50) values from 1.37 to 9.20 mmol L-1. Also in this series, compounds 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline and 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline demonstrated significant activity against NCI/ADR cells. Among compounds with a terminal guanidine group, compounds 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethyl)guanidine β-carboline (27.8 μg mL-1) and 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethyl) guanidine β-carboline (37.4 μg mL-1) demonstrated the greatest activity against MTB. Additionally, compounds 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethyl)guanidine β-carboline (GI50 = 0.45 mmol L-1) effectively inhibited growth and was highly selective against NCI/ADR. The in silico study revealed that 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethylamine) β-carboline, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(ethylamine) β-carboline, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline and 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-carboxamide(propylamine) β-carboline compounds follow the rules established by Lipinski, suggesting that this compound has no problems with oral bioavailability. © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.27813981405CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Stem cell transplantation for fanconi anemia: 20 years of progressive decrease in the dose of cyclophosphamide without irradiation

La fesomia actual és de finals del segle XVIII.Primer pla, contrapicat, d'un senzill edifici d'habitatges entre mitgeres. Consta de planta baixa, quatre plantes pis i terrat, amb un volum reculat respecte el pla de façana. S'organitza en tres eixos verticals. Combina balcons amb finestretes