Predição da cobertura do solo baseada em um modelo de classificação

O solo é um dos mais importantes recursos naturais do planeta. Um solo saudável é crucial para a manutenção da vida e bem estardos seres vivos. A compreensão dos mapas de cobertura do solo é um elemento crítico na tomada de decisões e de gestão deste importante recurso natural. Para contribuir neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresentaum modelo de predição do tipo de cobertura do solo, com base em 148 atributos quantificados com base em imagens de alta resolução. O modelo apresentado atingiu uma acurácia de 68,05% nos dados deteste, sendo capaz de prever imagens referentes a asfalto, sombras, carros, edificios, concreto, solo, piscinas e grama. Desta forma, o modelo proposto caracteriza-se como um recurso viável para análise automática de grandes volumes de imagens.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças pré-escolares de acordo com as razões para procura por atendimento odontológico

Objetivo: avaliar a percepção dos pais sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças pré-escolares atendidas na clínica de uma faculdade de odontologia, de acordo com a razão que motivou a procura pelos cuidados. Método: Quarenta e cinco pais e crianças de 0 a 6 anos de idade foram incluídos. Vinte e cinco crianças foram à clínica odontológica devido a trauma dental (Grupo 1) e 20, devido a cárie ou dor (Grupo 2). Os cuidadores foram convidados a preencher um questionário sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale - ECOHIS) para avaliar a QVRSB da criança. O ECOHIS inclui uma seção de impacto na criança e outra de impacto familiar, e a pontuação varia de 0 a 52. Quanto maior a pontuação, maior o impacto na qualidade de vida. Crianças com mais de 4 anos expressaram sentimentos sobre seus dentes por meio de um instrumento de avaliação com desenhos. Resultados: A média da pontuação do ECOHIS foi de 10,6 para toda a amostra e 10,1 e 11,6 para o grupo trauma e grupo cárie, respectivamente. As crianças que procuraram atendimento odontológico por cárie, bem como aquelas que haviam sido submetidas a tratamento restaurador, apresentaram maior impacto sobre o domínio sintomas (p < 0,05). No grupo 1, 36% (5) das crianças manifestaram sua insatisfação com a sua saúde oral, ao passo que, no grupo 2, o nível de insatisfação aumentou para 53% (8 crianças). Os resultados mostraram que o impacto sobre a QVRSB foi elevado na população estudada, e que cárie/ dor teve maior impacto sobre a criança, e trauma dental, sobre a família.Purpose: to evaluate parental perception on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) of preschool children attending a Dentistry School according to the reason care was sought. Method: 45 parents and their 0-6-year-old children were included. Twenty five children were taken to the dental clinic due to dental trauma (Group 1), and 20 due to caries or pain (Group 2). Caretakers were asked to complete the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) to evaluate child’s OHRQoL. The ECOHIS includes a child impact section and a family impact section and varies from 0 to 52. Children over 4 years of age expressed their feelings on their teeth by an instrument with drawings. Results: mean ECOHIS score was 10.6 for the whole sample and 10.1 and 11.6 for the trauma and caries groups, respectively. Caries-bearing children had higher scores on the oral symptons and on the family function domain. Parent disstress was higher for the trauma-bearing child. In group 1, 36% (5) children expressed dissatisfaction with their oral health, whereas in group 2 the dissatisfaction level raised to 53% (8 children). The results showed that the impact on OHRQoL was high in the studied population. Caries/pain had more impact on the children, whereas dental trauma had a higher impact on the family

Plate-rod osteosynthesis in dogs and cats

Background: Most fractures are caused by traumatic processes due to car accidents, but they can also occur due to bullets, fights and falls. Surgical stabilization is often necessary and shows high rates of bone healing when its basic concepts are followed. The objective of this study is to report cases of shaft fracture in long bones stabilized with intramedullary pin and plate (IMPP) in order to evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic signs, correlating the ideal surgical technique described on recent studies with complications resulting from the surgical procedure. Cases: This study includes patients undergoing osteosynthesis with intramedullary pin and plate from January 2015 to December 2016 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of UFRGS. During this period, 13 animals (five cats and eight dogs) with long bone fractures were treated with the abovementioned association. Information on breed, age, sex, etiology of the fracture, affected bone, clinical signs, osteosynthesis technique, clinical progress, fracture healing, and postoperative complications was collected for the study. Late postoperative recovery was evaluated by telephone contact with owners. The mean age was 5.4 years (3 months - 15 years) and body weight 17.66 kg (3 - 28.4 kg). The fractures were due to being hit by a vehicle (5), bites (1), accident with a toy (1), and unknown (6). Discussion: All cases included in this study were in the femur, humerus or tibia. Fractures in the radius are also frequent in small animal traumatology, but in this case the use of an intramedullary pin is not recommended. All animals had diaphyseal fractures, which is an important prerequisite for IMPP stabilization. The IMPP association is mainly indicated in cases of comminuted fractures, when it is anatomically impossible to reduce fracture fragments, as occurred with nine patients in this study. The plate did not break of fail in any of the cases, as the association of an intramedullary pin with the plate significantly reduces tension on the plate, increasing bending strength up to ten times. One of the animals presented severe postoperative pain and could not adequately lean on the operated limb. Orthopedic and neurological evaluation led to the conclusion that the long pin in the region of the subtrochanteric fossa could be injuring the sciatic nerve and the animal was reoperated to cut the pin shorter. Pain stopped and after seven months the animal could lean on the limb and move normally, being proprioceptive and showing no pain on palpation and manipulation. The pin used in the IMPP technique should fill 30 to 40% of the diameter of the intramedullary canal at its narrowest portion. Of the 13 patients included in this study, six received pins within the recommended diameter, one received a pin larger than recommended, and five received pins smaller than recommended. The mean diameter of the pin related to the diameter of the medullary canal was 32.3% (19% - 54.8%). The bone healing rate described for IMPP is high (98%), three patients returned for this study reevaluation and all of them presented visible radiographic bone healing. We concluded that osteosynthesis associated with the use of intramedullary pin and plate resulted in adequate stabilization of fractures in the femur, tibia and humerus, allowing fast functional recovery with low complication rates

Assessment of risk scores to predict mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit

ObjectivesTo assess the ABC2-SPH score in predicting COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, during intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and to compare its performance with other scores (SOFA, SAPS-3, NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, SOARS, CURB-65, modified CHA2DS2-VASc, and a novel severity score).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of 25 hospitals, located in 17 Brazilian cities, from October 2020 to March 2022, were included. Overall performance of the scores was evaluated using the Brier score. ABC2-SPH was used as the reference score, and comparisons between ABC2-SPH and the other scores were performed by using the Bonferroni method of correction. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsABC2-SPH had an area under the curve of 0.716 (95% CI 0.693–0.738), significantly higher than CURB-65, SOFA, NEWS2, SOARS, and modified CHA2DS2-VASc scores. There was no statistically significant difference between ABC2-SPH and SAPS-3, 4C Mortality Score, and the novel severity score.ConclusionABC2-SPH was superior to other risk scores, but it still did not demonstrate an excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate the need to develop a new score, for this subset of patients

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ