Nuestra Experiencia en el Estudio con Ultrasonografía en la Cadera Neonatal

Se estudian mediante ultrasonografía las caderas de 112 recién nacidos (224 caderas) con signos clínicos de displasia luxante de cadera. Los resultados se comparan con los datos de exploración clínica y estudio radiográ- fico poniendo en evidencia las limitaciones diagnósticas de las maniobras exploratorias clásicas y la radiografía. Concluye que la ultrasonografía es el método más seguro e inocuo para el diagnóstico precoz de la displasia luxante de cadera en el recién nacido.The authors are studied by ultrasonography 112 newborns (224 hips) with clinical signs of congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip. The results obtained are compared with clinical findings and radiographic study emphasizing the diagnostic limitations of the clasics maneuvistes of physical examination and radiography. They conclude that the ultrasonography is the most sure method and innocuous to the early diagnosis of the congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip at the newborn

Los Ultrasonidos en la Cadera Neonatal

Los autores describen la técnica de Estudio mediante Ecografía de la cadera neonatal, las imágenes normales, los métodos de mediciones y las características de los distintos grados de displasiaThe authors describe the technique of the study by ultrasound examination of neonatal hip, normal images, methods of measurement and characteristics of differents degrees of dysplasi

Displasia Epifisaria Hemimélica en rótula: (descripción de un nuevo caso y revisión bibliográfica)

Se describe un nuevo caso de Displasia Epifisaria Hemimélica que asienta en una legalización muy poco frecuente cual es la rótula. Realizan una amplia revisión bibliográfica de la literatura mundial y se comentan las variaciones observadas en cuanto al cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y diagnóstico diferencial.The authors describe a new case of Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica with affectation of the patela. It is a localization very infrequent. They have made a review of the literature and analyse the variations observed as for clinical findings, diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of layers of superconducting 2H-TaSe2_\textbf{2}: Evidence for a zero bias anomaly in single layers

We report a characterization of surfaces of the dichalcogenide TaSe$_2$ using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) at 150 mK. When the top layer has the 2H structure and the layer immediately below the 1T structure, we find a singular spatial dependence of the tunneling conductance below 1 K, changing from a zero bias peak on top of Se atoms to a gap in between Se atoms. The zero bias peak is additionally modulated by the commensurate $3a_0 \times 3a_0$ charge density wave of 2H-TaSe$_2$. Multilayers of 2H-TaSe$_2$ show a spatially homogeneous superconducting gap with a critical temperature also of 1 K. We discuss possible origins for the peculiar tunneling conductance in single layers.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Strong enhancement of superconductivity at high pressures within the charge-density-wave states of 2H-TaS 2 and 2H-TaSe 2

We present measurements of the superconducting and charge density wave critical temperatures (Tc and TCDW) as a function of pressure in the transition metal dichalchogenides 2H-TaSe2 and 2H-TaS2. Resistance and susceptibility measurements show that Tc increases from temperatures below 1 K up to 8.5 K at 9.5 GPa in 2H-TaS2 and 8.2 K at 23 GPa in 2H-TaSe2. We observe a kink in the pressure dependence of TCDW at about 4 GPa that we attribute to the lock-in transition from incommensurate CDW to commensurate CDW. Above this pressure, the commensurate TCDW slowly decreases coexisting with superconductivity within our full pressure range.Comment: Published in Phys. Rev B 93, 184512 (2016

Fracturas estallido de columna toracolumbar: Evaluación clinicoradiológica y terapéutica de 90 casos

Presentamos un estudio retrospectivo de 90 fracturas toracolumbares tipo estallido con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Se realizó tratamiento ortopédico en 43 casos y en 47 se indicó una artrodesis instrumentada. Realizamos una evaluación clínico-radiológica en base al dolor residual y evolución del ángulo de cifosis con el objetivo de valorar el tratamiento ortopédico como opción terapéutica y la necesidad de distinguir fracturas estallido con afectación de 2 ó 3 columnas. No apreciamos diferencias estables significativas en el dolor y la lesión de las tres columnas. El aumento de cifosis angular media en las fracturas estallido estable no operadas es de 4.7º y de 5.2º en las fracturas estallido inestables tratadas ortopédicamente. Observamos una alta incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con la fijación (21%) cuando la fractura asentaba en la charnela y se instrumentaba a un solo nivel. El tratamiento ortopédico es una opción aceptable en las fracturas estallido en pacientes neurológicamente indemnes.Ninety burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were retrospectively assessed with a minum follow-up of 12 months. Conservative treatment was indicated in 43 cases, and reduction and surgical stabilization in 47. The aim was to compare the two treatment modalities according to fracture stability. Clinical and radiological evaluation included chronic pain and kyphotic angle progression. No statistical differences were found between stable and unstable fractures as to chronic pain. The kyphotic angle average progression for stable burst fractures was 4.7º and 5.2º for unstable fractures conservatively treated. There was a high rate of complications related to instrumentation (21%) particularly when the fracture was at the thoracolumbar junction and a single level was fixed. The orthopaedic treatment is an acceptable alternative treatment for stable burst fractures without neurological injury

Coexistence of structural and magnetic phases in van der Waals magnet CrI3

CrI3 is a popular van der Waals magnet that exhibits anomalous magnetic properties between bulk and thin layers due to different crystal symmetry. Here, the authors report the coexistence of different magnetostructural phases over the entire range of temperatures, solving a long-standing puzzle

Layer-dependent mechanical properties and enhanced plasticity in the van der Waals chromium trihalide magnets

The mechanical properties of magnetic materials are instrumental for the development of the magnetoelastic theory and the optimization of strain-modulated magnetic devices. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) magnets hold promise to enlarge these concepts into the realm of low-dimensional physics and ultrathin devices. However, no experimental study on the intrinsic mechanical properties of the archetypal 2D magnet family of the chromium trihalides has thus far been performed. Here, we report the room temperature layer-dependent mechanical properties of atomically thin CrI3 and CrCl3, finding that bilayers of CrI3 and CrCl3 have Young's moduli of 62.1 GPa and 43.4 GPa, with the highest sustained strain of 6.09% and 6.49% and breaking strengths of 3.6 GPa and 2.2 GPa, respectively. Both the elasticity and strength of the two materials decrease with increased thickness, which is attributed to a weak interlayer interaction that enables interlayer sliding under low levels of applied load. The mechanical properties observed in the few-layer chromium trihalide crystals provide evidence of outstanding plasticity in these materials, which is qualitatively demonstrated in their bulk counterparts. This study will contribute to various applications of the van der Waals magnetic materials, especially for their use in magnetostrictive and flexible devices.Comment: Main text and supplementary informatio

Effects of supply with glutamine on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in patients with parenteral nutrition

Introducción: En el paciente crítico hay una continua producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) que necesitan se neutralizadas para evitar el estrés oxidativo (EO). Entre las defensas antioxidantes endógenas, el sistema glutatión (GSH) es cuantitativamente el más importante, pero en situaciones de estrés severo se encuentra disminuido. Para incrementarlo, la suplementación con glutamina ha demostrado ser efectiva, ejerciendo protección contra el daño oxidativo y reduciendo la morbi-mortalidad. Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de la adición de un dipéptido alanyl-glutamina a la NP sobre la peroxidación lipídica y el metabolismo del glutatión y su relación con la morbilidad de los pacientes críticos. Métodos: Determinación, mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas, de glutatión peroxidasa, glutatión reductasa, glutatión total y malonilaldehído al ingreso y tras siete días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de 20 pacientes mayores de 18 años con tratamiento nutricional parenteral. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes que recibió nutrición parenteral con adición de glutamina experimentó aumentos signifcativos a la semana de tratamiento nutricional en la concentración del glutatión total (42,35 ± 13 vs 55,29 ± 12 μmol/l; p < 0,05), junto a un incremento de la actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa (470 ± 195 vs 705 ± 214 μmol/l; p < 0,05). En cambio, el grupo con nutrición parenteral convencional no presentó modificaciones significativas en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, tanto la mortalidad como la estancia en UCI no fue diferente para los grupos estudiados, mientras que si se observó una menor gravedad, valorada por e SOFA score, en el grupo de pacientes que recibieron glutamina (SOFA 5 ± 2 vs 8 ± 1,8; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El aporte de glutamina en pacientes críticos mejora las defensas antioxidantes, lo que repercute en una menor peroxidación lipídica y menor morbilidad durante la estancia en UCI.Introduction: In the critically ill patient, there is a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that need to be neutralized to prevent oxidative stress (OS). Quantitatively speaking, the glutathione system (GSH) is the most important anti-oxidant endogenous defense. To increase it, glutamine supplementation has been shown to be effective by protecting against the oxidative damage and reducing the morbimortality. Objective: To assess the effect of adding an alanylglutamine dipeptide to PN on lipid peroxidation lipidica and glutathione metabolism, as well as its relationship with morbidity in critically ill patients. Methods: Determination through spectrophotometry techniques of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, total glutathione, and maloniladdehyde at admission adn after seven days of hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in 20 patients older than 18 years on parenteral nutrition therapy. Results: The group of patients receiving parenteral nutrition with glutamine supplementation had significant increases in total glutathione (42.35 ± 13 vs 55.29 ± 12 μmol/l; p < 0.05) and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidasa (470 ± 195 vs 705 ± 214 μmol/l; p < 0.05) within one week of nutritional therapy, whereas the group on conventional parenteral nutrition did not show significant changes of any of the parameters studied (p > 0.05). However, both mortality and ICU stay were not different between the study group, whereas the severity (asessed by the SOFA score) was lower in the group of patients receiving glutamine (SOFA 5 ± 2 vs 8 ± 1.8; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Glutamine intake in critically ill patients improves the antioxidant defenses, which leads to lower lipid peroxidation and lower morbidity during admission at the ICU.Éste estudio ha sido financiado en parte por el FIBAO y el premio Fressenius/SENPE 2006

Outstanding performance of the microwave-made MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 anode on the removal of antimicrobial activity of Penicillin G by photoelectrolysis

This paper studies the applicability of a novel microwave-prepared mixed metal oxide (MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2) anode in the electrolysis and photo-electrolysis of synthetic urine intensified with Penicillin G. Results are compared with those obtained using boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the anode. In general, electrolysis with both anodes are effective in terms of penicillin removal, and the combination with UV radiation shows a clear synergistic effect on the degradation of Penicillin G: 420% and 355% using MMO and BDD, respectively. The outstanding performance of the MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 anode is demonstrated by the decrease in toxicity and the reduction of the antibiotic effect on the urine observed during photo-electrolysis. Notably, photo-electrolysis using the MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 anode generates solutions with almost zero residual toxicity and without antibiotic effect, with lower specific energy consumption than using BDD anode. The remarkable performance of the microwaves-prepared MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 coatings makes them very promising for being used in the electrochemical treatment of sanitary wastes.Este artículo estudia la aplicabilidad de un novedoso ánodo de óxido metálico mixto (MMO-Ti/RuO 2 IrO 2 ) preparado con microondas en la electrólisis y fotoelectrólisis de orina sintética intensificada con penicilina G. Los resultados se comparan con los obtenidos usando diamante (BDD) como ánodo. En general, la electrólisis con ambos ánodos es efectiva en términos de eliminación de penicilina, y la combinación con radiación UV muestra un claro efecto sinérgico en la degradación de Penicilina G: 420% y 355% usando MMO y BDD, respectivamente. El excelente rendimiento del MMO-Ti/RuO 2 IrO 2ánodo se demuestra por la disminución de la toxicidad y la reducción del efecto antibiótico en la orina observado durante la fotoelectrólisis. En particular, la fotoelectrólisis utilizando el ánodo MMO-Ti/RuO 2 IrO 2 genera soluciones con una toxicidad residual casi nula y sin efecto antibiótico, con un consumo de energía específico menor que utilizando el ánodo BDD. El notable rendimiento de los recubrimientos MMO-Ti/RuO 2 IrO 2 preparados con microondas los hace muy prometedores para su uso en el tratamiento electroquímico de desechos sanitarios