Preparation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides from vegetable oil FAME

Sunflower oil and oleic motif‐enriched sunflower oil methyl esters were used to prepare alkenyl succinic anhydrides. A classic batch reactor was selected to carry out the synthesis. The range in which the temperature, reaction time, and molar ratio between the number of moles of maleic anhydride and the equivalent number of double bonds present in the unsaturated vegetable oil methyl esters (the most influential factors in the process) varied was determined in a preliminary study. A secondorder Doehlert uniform network design was used to investigate the influence of the temperature and molar ratio for all the methyl esters on the yield of alkenyl succinic anhydride from methyl oleate, the conversion of methyl oleate, the formation of side reaction products, the Gardner color of the product, and viscosity. The optimal reaction conditions for obtaining the maximal yield (around 95%) of alkenyl succinic anhydride from methyl oleate were 235°C, a molar ratio of 1.5, and a reaction lasting 8 h. However, the products synthesized under these conditions showed high viscosity (215 cP), a very dark color (18+ Gardner color), and a high content of undesirable side products (4%), which hindered their direct industrial use. The increase in the product viscosity was probably due to the formation of side reaction products. A molar ratio of less than 1.5 led to a less viscous product, although with a lower alkenyl succinic anhydride content

Durability improvement of wood by treatment with Methyl Alkenoate Succinic Anhydrides (M-ASA) of vegetable origin

Methyl Alkenoate Succinic Anhydride (M-ASA) is the product of the reaction between methyl esters of fatty acids and maleic anhydride. Crude M-ASA was synthesized from rapeseed oil methyl esters. The main compounds in this adduct are methyl oleate succinic anhydride (30%), methyl linoleate succinic anhydride (24%), unreacted methyl esters (41%) and unreacted maleic anhydride (4%). The treatment of wood at high temperature with crude M-ASA conferred protection against fungal decay and insects. Biological tests were carried out on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood and beech (Fagus sylvatica) according to European standards. M-ASA treatment was efficient against mould fungi (BS 3900), blue staining (EN 152), white and brown rot fungi (EN 113), longhorn beetle larvae (EN 46 and 47) and termites (EN 117). This treatment delayed the degradation of wood by soft rot (ENV 807) but it did not prevent it. Therefore, M-ASA combines all the necessary conditions to fulfil the requirements of the biological use classes 2 and 3, but not for class 4

De la fonction à la participation : illustration par le développement et la validation de trois outils de mesure en médecine physique et de réadaptation

Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) has been developed around a holistic approach of the individual and the multiple consequences of impairments and disabilities resulting from a health problem. Determining these consequences requires the use of assessment, which is a concept widely used in medicine in clinical practice, therapy, research, and which is based on the use of measuring tools. The PRM vision was built on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) which is a biopsychosocial framework for the description of the health state, which can thus be used to define of the measured. The close links between PRM and ICF led us to question the different ways of developing assessment tools adapted to each of the dimensions of the ICF: function, activity and participation. We have therefore through various health states, explored these three dimensions in clinical practice using valid methods in metrology, via three measurement tools: (1) neurological function in French-speaking children with a neonatal stroke, (2) a score of physical and cognitive activity in patients hospitalized in follow-up care and rehabilitation, (3) participation of children with neuromuscular disease. The results and their interpretation stemming from this work, clearly place participation as the main criterion for actions in PRM while highlighting the importance of mastering the limits of measurement tools before taking into account their advantages.La médecine physique et de réadaptation (MPR) s’est développée autour d’une approche globale de l’individu et des multiples conséquences des déficiences et incapacités résultant d’un problème de santé. La détermination de ces conséquences nécessite le recours à l’évaluation, concept largement utilisé en médecine lors de la pratique clinique, la thérapeutique, la recherche… Cette évaluation, qui repose elle-même sur la nécessaire évaluation de l’outil de mesure et de ses modalités d’utilisation, constitue le corps de notre travail de thèseLa vision MPR s’est construite sur la Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé (CIF) qui fournit un cadre biopsychosocial pour la description des états de santé, pouvant ainsi servir à la définition du mesuré. Les liens étroits entre MPR et CIF nous ont amenés à nous interroger sur les différentes manières de développer des outils d’évaluation adaptés à chacune des dimensions de la CIF : la fonction, l’activité et la participation.À travers différents états de santé, nous avons donc exploré ces trois dimensions cliniques en utilisant des méthodes valides en métrologie, via trois outils de mesure : (1) de la fonction neurologique chez des enfants ayant eu un accident vasculaire cérébral néonatal, (2) d’activité physique et cognitive chez des patients hospitalisés en soins de suite et de réadaptation et (3) de la participation d’enfants ayant une maladie neuromusculaire. Les résultats et leur interprétation placent la participation comme critère principal des actions en MPR tout en soulignant l’importance de maitriser la limite de chaque outil de mesure bien avant de valoriser de leurs avantages

From function to participation : illustration through the development and validation of three measurement tools in physical medicine and rehabilitation

La médecine physique et de réadaptation (MPR) s’est développée autour d’une approche globale de l’individu et des multiples conséquences des déficiences et incapacités résultant d’un problème de santé. La détermination de ces conséquences nécessite le recours à l’évaluation, concept largement utilisé en médecine lors de la pratique clinique, la thérapeutique, la recherche… Cette évaluation, qui repose elle-même sur la nécessaire évaluation de l’outil de mesure et de ses modalités d’utilisation, constitue le corps de notre travail de thèseLa vision MPR s’est construite sur la Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé (CIF) qui fournit un cadre biopsychosocial pour la description des états de santé, pouvant ainsi servir à la définition du mesuré. Les liens étroits entre MPR et CIF nous ont amenés à nous interroger sur les différentes manières de développer des outils d’évaluation adaptés à chacune des dimensions de la CIF : la fonction, l’activité et la participation.À travers différents états de santé, nous avons donc exploré ces trois dimensions cliniques en utilisant des méthodes valides en métrologie, via trois outils de mesure : (1) de la fonction neurologique chez des enfants ayant eu un accident vasculaire cérébral néonatal, (2) d’activité physique et cognitive chez des patients hospitalisés en soins de suite et de réadaptation et (3) de la participation d’enfants ayant une maladie neuromusculaire. Les résultats et leur interprétation placent la participation comme critère principal des actions en MPR tout en soulignant l’importance de maitriser la limite de chaque outil de mesure bien avant de valoriser de leurs avantages.Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) has been developed around a holistic approach of the individual and the multiple consequences of impairments and disabilities resulting from a health problem. Determining these consequences requires the use of assessment, which is a concept widely used in medicine in clinical practice, therapy, research, and which is based on the use of measuring tools. The PRM vision was built on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) which is a biopsychosocial framework for the description of the health state, which can thus be used to define of the measured. The close links between PRM and ICF led us to question the different ways of developing assessment tools adapted to each of the dimensions of the ICF: function, activity and participation. We have therefore through various health states, explored these three dimensions in clinical practice using valid methods in metrology, via three measurement tools: (1) neurological function in French-speaking children with a neonatal stroke, (2) a score of physical and cognitive activity in patients hospitalized in follow-up care and rehabilitation, (3) participation of children with neuromuscular disease. The results and their interpretation stemming from this work, clearly place participation as the main criterion for actions in PRM while highlighting the importance of mastering the limits of measurement tools before taking into account their advantages

Étude d'un procédé d'amélioration de la durabilité de bois d'oeuvre à l'aide d'un anhydride alkényle succinique (ASA) d'origine végétale

TOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF

Fixed-distance walk tests at comfortable and fast speed: Potential tools for the functional assessment of coronary patients?

International audienceObjectivesThere is ambiguity concerning the walk tests available for functional assessment of coronary patients, particularly for the walking speed. This study explores the psychometric properties of two walking tests, based on fixed-distance tests, at comfortable and fast velocity, in stabilized patients at the end of a cardiac rehabilitation program.MethodsAt a three-day interval 58 coronary patients (mean age of 64.85 ± 6.03 years, 50 men) performed three walk tests, the first two at a comfortable speed in a random order (6-minute walk test – 6MWT – and 400-metre comfortable walk test – 400mCWT) and the third at a brisk speed (200-metre fast walk test – 200mFWT). A modified Bruce treadmill test was associated at the end of the second phase. Monitored main parameters were: heart rate, walking velocity, VO2.ResultsTolerance to the 3 tests was satisfactory. The reliability of the main parameters was good (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.8). The VO2 concerning 6MWT and 400mCWT were not significantly different (P = 0.33) and were lower to the first ventilatory threshold determined by the stress test (P < 0.001): 16.2 ± 3.0 vs. 16.5 ± 2.6 vs. 20.7 ± 5.1 mL·min−1·kg−1 respectively. The VO2 of the 200mFWT (20.2 ± 3.7) was not different from the first ventilatory threshold.Conclusions400mCWT and 200mFWT are feasible, well-tolerated and reliable. They explore two levels of effort intensity (lower and not different to the first ventilatory threshold respectively). 400mCWT is a possible alternative to 6MWT. Associated with 200mFWT it should allow a better measurement of physical capacities and better customization of exercise training

A Tool Derived from the Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, to Assess Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity or Biostimulation of Novel Compounds Used in Agriculture

The increased use of biostimulants in conventional agriculture and organic farming requires the implementation of rapid tests to determine their effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and protection against abiotic stresses. However, their innocuity to plant health has rarely been demonstrated. We used the Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, as described by the standard AFNOR EN ISO 29200(2020-05) to reveal biostimulant, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of four commercialized wood-based products by comparing mitotic indices and micronucleus frequencies with respect to the controls. Neither genotoxicity, as measured by micronucleus frequency (MN), nor cytotoxicity, assessed by Mitotic index counts, was observed. Additionally, one of these stimulants (BHS®) conferred protective effects against contaminants (maleic hydrazide or lead nitrate). We describe that plotting micronuclei frequency against mitotic indices allows discrimination between cytotoxic/genotoxic effects from growth levels. Vicia faba experiments were successfully transposed to other agronomical important crops such as corn and sunflower. This technique can be valuable to industrials, to assess growth, potential cytoxicity and genotoxicity effects of any new biostimulant or organic

A Tool Derived from the <i>Vicia faba</i> Micronucleus Assay, to Assess Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity or Biostimulation of Novel Compounds Used in Agriculture

The increased use of biostimulants in conventional agriculture and organic farming requires the implementation of rapid tests to determine their effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and protection against abiotic stresses. However, their innocuity to plant health has rarely been demonstrated. We used the Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, as described by the standard AFNOR EN ISO 29200(2020-05) to reveal biostimulant, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of four commercialized wood-based products by comparing mitotic indices and micronucleus frequencies with respect to the controls. Neither genotoxicity, as measured by micronucleus frequency (MN), nor cytotoxicity, assessed by Mitotic index counts, was observed. Additionally, one of these stimulants (BHS®) conferred protective effects against contaminants (maleic hydrazide or lead nitrate). We describe that plotting micronuclei frequency against mitotic indices allows discrimination between cytotoxic/genotoxic effects from growth levels. Vicia faba experiments were successfully transposed to other agronomical important crops such as corn and sunflower. This technique can be valuable to industrials, to assess growth, potential cytoxicity and genotoxicity effects of any new biostimulant or organic

SMA: Des échelles d’évaluation motrice pour le public francophone

À l’heure des nouvelles thérapeutiques chez les personnes présentant une amyotrophie spinale antérieure ou spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), la mesure régulière, précise et fiable des capacités motrices est devenue indispensable. Différents outils ont été développés dans la littérature et peuvent être utilisés pour cela. Le choix d’une échelle/ d’un outil se fait en fonction du type de SMA, de l’âge de la personne et des éléments spécifiques de la motricité que l’on souhaite évaluer. En France, l’échelle MFM est utilisée en pratique clinique dans de nombreux centres de référence de Maladies Neuromusculaires (MNM). Les autres échelles fréquemment utilisées au niveau international ne sont cependant pas disponibles en français rendant leur utilisation plus difficile en pratique clinique courante. Cet article présente le processus de traduction en français des échelles les plus fréquemment utilisées chez la personne avec SMA (CHOP INTEND, HFMSE, RULM, 6-minute walk test et HINE-2). Différentes étapes ont été respectées, notamment les étapes de traduction en français, traduction inversée en anglais, comparaison des versions anglaises, harmonisation et obtention de la version finale en français. Un programme de formation et sensibilisation des différents professionnels des consultations MNM des centres de référence français avec proposition d’ateliers en présence des membres du comité scientifique suivra l’étape de traduction afin de les faire connaître, expliciter leur utilisation et participer à la diffusion de ce travail

Thomae de Aquino Catena aurea in Lucam. Editio scientifica, fontibus repertis textuque emendato: novissima emendatio 25.9.2022

International audienceEdition électronique native dynamique : restauration du texte universitaire (taux d'avancement 55 %), identification différentielle et édition du texte des sources (62%, révisions et compléments en cours), annotation. Consultable sur le site "Sacra Pagina : la Bible latine glosée au Moyen Âge" à l'adresse : https://gloss-e.irht.cnrs.fr/php/editions.php?livre=../sources/editions/catena/GLOSS-catena57.xm