Validación de una secuencia didáctica sobre conducción de calor en estudiantes de secundaria mexicanos

El diseño y aplicación de las secuencias didácticas ha tenido un auge en los últimos años en el campo de Didáctica de las Ciencias. Gracias a la dualidad que éstas presentan, es posible manejarlas como objeto de investigación. Es por ello que en esta contribución presentamos los resultados de la aplicación de la secuencia didáctica con el objeto de validarla, al compararla con los modelos iniciales y los modelos alcanzados por los estudiantes (post-intervención) con un modelo teórico propuesto. En el estudio participaron estudiantes mexicanos de segundo año de secundaria (13-15 años). Los resultados indican que después de la intervención el 63% de la muestra se acercó al modelo teórico postulado (27% modelo casi completo y 36% modelo completo). Sin embargo, algunas ideas previas persisten

The Journalist Discourse on Political Corruption. A Comparative Analysis of the SQM case in Chile and the Bárcenas case in Spain

Este artículo empírico analiza cualitativamente el tratamiento periodístico de la corrupción política en España y en Chile. Concretamente, se centra en el caso chileno “Soquimich” y en el caso español “Bárcenas”. Para ello, se compara el discurso noticioso de los diarios chilenos El Mercurio y La Tercera y de los periódicos españoles El País y El Mundo en relación a los siguientes ejes: 1) Rol de los personajes y caracterización de los mismos y 2) Estrategias discursivas subyacentes en el discurso mediático. Si bien existen diferencias en la cobertura noticiosa en ambos países, los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el tratamiento de la corrupción es simplificado e incompleto. Eso se debe a que los relatos analizados se focalizan en los “corruptos” sin cuestionar las verdaderas raíces de la corrupción.This empirical article analyzes qualitatively press coverage of political corruption in Spain and Chile. Specifically, the study focuses on the Chilean case “Soquimich” and in the Spanish case “Barcenas”. For this purpose, the news discourse of Chilean daily El Mercurio and La Tercera and Spanish newspapers El País and El Mundo were compared regarding the following axes: 1) Role of the characters and characterization of them and 2) Discursive strategies underlayed by the media discourse. While there are differences in news coverage of corruption in both countries, the results obtained indicate that treatment of corruption is simplified and incomplete. That is because the stories analyzed are focused on corrupt —the particular characters— without questioning the real roots of corruption

The effect of magnetic activity on low-mass stars in eclipsing binaries

In recent years, analyses of eclipsing binary systems have unveiled differences between the observed fundamental properties of low-mass stars and those predicted by stellar structure models. Particularly, radius and effective temperatures computed from models are ~ 5-10% lower and ~ 3-5% higher than observed, respectively. These discrepancies have been attributed to different factors, notably to the high levels of magnetic activity present on these stars. In this paper, we test the effect of magnetic activity both on models and on the observational analysis of eclipsing binaries using a sample of such systems with accurate fundamental properties. Regarding stellar models, we have found that unrealistically high spot coverages need to be assumed to reproduce the observations. Tests considering metallicity effects and missing opacities on models indicate that these are not able to explain the radius discrepancies observed. With respect to the observations, we have tested the effect of several spot distributions on the light curve analysis. Our results show that spots cause systematic deviations on the stellar radii derived from light curve analysis when distributed mainly over the stellar poles. Assuming the existence of polar spots, overall agreement between models and observations is reached when ~ 35% spot coverage is considered on stellar models. Such spot coverage induces a systematic deviation in the radius determination from the light curve analysis of ~ 3% and is also compatible with the modulations observed on the light curves of these systems. Finally, we have found that the effect of activity or rotation on convective transport in partially radiative stars may also contribute to explain the differences seen in some of the systems with shorter orbital periods.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Human mobility and spatial disease dynamics

The understanding of human mobility and the development of qualitative models as well as quantitative theories for it is of key importance to the research of human infectious disease dynamics on large geographical scales. In our globalized world, mobility and traffic have reached a complexity and volume of unprecedented degree. Long range human mobility is now responsible for the rapid geographical spread of emergent infectious diseases. Multiscale human mobility networks exhibit two prominent features: (1) Networks exhibit a strong heterogeneity, the distribution of weights, traffic fluxes and populations sizes of communities range over many orders of magnitude. (2) Although the interaction magnitude in terms of traffic intensities decreases with distance, the observed power-laws indicate that long range interactions play a significant role in spatial disease dynamics. We will review how the topological features of traffic networks can be incorporated in models for disease dynamics and show, that the way topology is translated into dynamics can have a profound impact on the overall disease dynamics. We will also introduce a class of spatially extended models in which the impact and interplay of both spatial heterogeneity as well as long range spatial interactions can be investigated in a systematic fashion. Our analysis of multiscale human mobility networks is based on a proxy network of dispersing US dollar bills, which we incorporated in a model to produce real-time epidemic forecasts that projected the spatial spread of the recent outbreak of Influenza A(H1N1)

Evaluación de la eficacia anti-arrugas de formulaciones cosméticas con un péptido anti-envejecimiento (Argirelina®)

The purpose of this research was to evaluate, by means of in vivo studies, the efficacy of new cosmetic active ingredients which effect of botox, called Argireline®), so that width and depth of wrinkles could be established. For this, it is prepared two formulations: an emulsion with an external aqueous phase for normal to dry skin, and a gel for oily skin. We likewise study the water content of the skin after the application of both formulas, as this must be one of the priority functions of facial treatments in general, as well as the level of satisfaction from the subjective point of view, fundamental for patients and their continuation of the treatment.After the designed tests, it is possible to verify that there is a remarkable diminution of the wrinkles size tested in each patient during the month of treatment. Besides, it is possible to review how the moisturizing capacity has been increased in all cases.At the end of the visual test, all the volunteers experienced a reduction in the depth of wrinkles, and from the subjective point of view, the appearance and elasticity of the skin were improved. Finally it is possible to conclude that Argireline® (acetyl hexapeptide-8 ) shows a great antiaging capacity in all the cases that have been studied and the tried compounds have increased moisturizing power.El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar, mediante estudios in vivo, se podrían establecer la eficacia de nuevos ingredientes activos cosméticos que efecto del botox, llamado Argirelina®), de manera que la anchura y la profundidad de las arrugas. Para esto, se preparó dos formulaciones: una emulsión con una fase acuosa externa para piel normal a seca, y un gel para la piel grasa. Del mismo modo se estudia el contenido de agua de la piel después de la aplicación de ambas fórmulas, ya que esta debe ser una de las funciones prioritarias de tratamientos faciales en general, así como el nivel de satisfacción desde el punto de vista subjetivo, tanto para el enfermo y su continuación del tratamiento.Después de las pruebas diseñadas, es posible verificar que hay una notable disminución del tamaño de las arrugas a prueba en cada paciente durante el mes de tratamiento. Además, es posible revisar la forma en la capacidad de hidratación se ha incrementado en todos los casos.Al final de la prueba visual, todos los voluntarios experimentaron una reducción en la profundidad de las arrugas, y desde el punto de vista subjetivo, el aspecto y la elasticidad de la piel se han mejorado. Por último, es posible concluir que Argirelina® (hexapéptido acetil-8) muestra una gran capacidad antienvejecimiento en todos los casos que han sido estudiados y los compuestos probados se han incrementado poder hidratante

Orientaciones para la investigación educativa: problemáticas, métodos y análisis

Reseña del libro Orientaciones para la investigación educativa: problemáticas, métodos y análisis. Patricio Pino Castillo. Editorial Santo Tomás. Santiago, 2021, 332 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-18065-28-

A Philosophy of Movement: Compositionality and Compossesssions of a Choreography of the Event, Environmental Bodyings, and its Pedagogies On Thought Experienced, Movement Moving and the Feeling of the Unfelt

This research-creation thesis is a improvisation of thought, in that sense, it proposes a writing practice as a dance and choreographic endeavour, in the way that it is made as if making a choreography, in that way it is a choreographic text. It tries desperately to pull aways and de-center dance from the dance studio and a body that continually moves in a space toward a pull that calls a different way of envisioning movement not necessarily only in a body but in-bodyings, and also not only in-constant-movement but also in non-movement and non-location. It also desperately wills to break free from the concept of separated entities and perception located in a human brain-body-mind, in order to move with a more intuitive concept of compositionality and environmentality and to craft practices to move from there. Thus, moving with a childish obsession of always feeling and wanting and needing one thing being another and another and another in potential. The obsession carries the hiccup of the phrase: A text can be a painting, a dance can be a sculpture, a choreography can be the making of an egg. This research-creation thesis elbows itself with a philosophy of organism or process philosophy, meaning that it improvises, dances in thought, and writes with philosopher Alfred North Whitehead and it is more an ode to thought rather than a descriptive or explanatory text. It is not about, nor it explains anything. It seeks itself as a creative gesture. It produces zones of relevance from flash thoughts and moves from there into the unknown proliferations, repetitions, or insistences, from a dance oriented qualitative environment of thought. It seeks to craft itself with the qualities of the sculptoric, painting, storytelling, architectal, and the pedagogical in its movements; in such way, seeking a transversal relationality, rather than a locality of fields. It won’t fit in pre-demarcated fields, instead, it greets and invents fields anew for an attempt toward the creation of new possible worlds of potential with the appetite of an artful way of living as an imperative urgent task of the world that announces itself as necessary as it unfolded at the turn of 2019 and into the 2020’s with the pains of the pandemic. It works with the concept of an occasion of experience from Whitehead, departing from the chant: the world is activity and thought is in the world. Like that, it stays close to such chant and builds its own invented quasi-concepts: compositionality, compossessions, and environmentalities. It also invents the term Machines for Feeling and moves with such intensive conceptual fielding. It tries over and over, to move from inter-actions toward infra-actions. Hopefully it is an intensive work that dives into a profoundity under-the-sea-like, that keeps on digging toward infra-activities of mental-actual or non-actual actual worlds' dances in the making. It inclines in a small ledge of felt thought of the virtual in the actual and the actual potential in the virtual. Like that, it moves into conceptual architectures made from a delicate choreography of conceptual forces through a written languaging texture. Its desire is to build enough consistency for a conceptual launchpad as a relational platform in order to be able to jump into a very wanted text on pedagogies and choreographic modes found again and again in what the author calls The Diagram Game. It moves with the figures of forgetting, starting again, unfinishing, diagrammatic walking, bread-crumbing, interrupting, loosing, tripping, mundane everyday life, friends, living room, kitchen and shower dances, slownesses and speeds, non-movement, movement, discontinuities, pain and joy. It was written and re-written and has many friend-texts that evented in the lapse of 9 years (2014-2023). It bows itself toward the patience of all the co-conspirators that accompanied the multiple processes it navigated with. It thinks-feels itself as an energetics for pedagogies and worlds to come

Instruments for assessing the risk of falls in acute hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Falls are a serious problem for hospitalized patients, reducing the duration and quality of life. It is estimated that over 84% of all adverse events in hospitalized patients are related to falls. Some fall risk assessment tools have been developed and tested in environments other than those for which they were developed with serious validity discrepancies. The aim of this review is to determine the accuracy of instruments for detecting fall risk and predicting falls in acute hospitalized patients. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Main databases, related websites and grey literature were searched. Two blinded reviewers evaluated title and abstracts of the selected articles and, if they met inclusion criteria, methodological quality was assessed in a new blinded process. Meta-analyses of diagnostic ORs (DOR) and likelihood (LH) coefficients were performed with the random effects method. Forest plots were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, DOR and LH. Additionally, summary ROC (SROC) curves were calculated for every analysis. Results Fourteen studies were selected for the review. The meta-analysis was performed with the Morse (MFS), STRATIFY and Hendrich II Fall Risk Model scales. The STRATIFY tool provided greater diagnostic validity, with a DOR value of 7.64 (4.86 - 12.00). A meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of average patient age over 65 years and the performance or otherwise of risk reassessments during the patient’s stay. The reassessment showed a significant reduction in the DOR on the MFS (rDOR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.89, p = 0.017). Conclusions The STRATIFY scale was found to be the best tool for assessing the risk of falls by hospitalized acutely-ill adults. However, the behaviour of these instruments varies considerably depending on the population and the environment, and so their operation should be tested prior to implementation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the reassessment of these instruments with respect to hospitalized adult patients, and to consider the real compliance by healthcare personnel with procedures related to patient safety, and in particular concerning the prevention of falls