Cálculo de la incertidumbre de medida al equipo de movimiento rectilíneo uniforme del grupo de investigación Dicoped

En el presente trabajo se muestra la metodología para el cálculo de la incertidumbre en la medición de la velocidad a través del equipo movimiento rectilíneo uniforme, diseñado por el grupo de investigación DICOPED (Diseño y construcción de prototipos para experimentos de demostración) el cual trabaja con un microcontrolador PIC16F676 y con un cronómetro que se conecta al equipo para tomar el tiempo que se demora en realizar el movimiento. Para la realización del trabajo se mandó a calibrar una regla graduada clase 2 para medir la distancia y se utilizó como patrón del tiempo un cronómetro Casio-Hs-1000 en milésimas de segundo. La metodología sigue los siguientes pasos basados en la GUM (Guía para estimar la incertidumbre de medición), el documento de aplicación para laboratorios EA 4/02 (rev00) ,artículos de ciencia y técnica: i) Expresar el modelo matemático del mensurando. ii) Cuantificación: evaluación de las incertidumbres tipo A y tipo B. iv) Calcular la incertidumbre estándar combinada v) Cálculo de la incertidumbre expandida.vi) Expresión de la incertidumbre de medida

Cálculo de la incertidumbre de medida al equipo de movimiento rectilíneo uniforme del grupo de investigación Dicoped

En el presente trabajo se muestra la metodología para el cálculo de la incertidumbre en la medición de la velocidad a través del equipo movimiento rectilíneo uniforme, diseñado por el grupo de investigación DICOPED (Diseño y construcción de prototipos para experimentos de demostración) el cual trabaja con un microcontrolador PIC16F676 y con un cronómetro que se conecta al equipo para tomar el tiempo que se demora en realizar el movimiento. Para la realización del trabajo se mandó a calibrar una regla graduada clase 2 para medir la distancia y se utilizó como patrón del tiempo un cronómetro Casio-Hs-1000 en milésimas de segundo. La metodología sigue los siguientes pasos basados en la GUM (Guía para estimar la incertidumbre de medición), el documento de aplicación para laboratorios EA 4/02 (rev00) ,artículos de ciencia y técnica: i) Expresar el modelo matemático del mensurando. ii) Cuantificación: evaluación de las incertidumbres tipo A y tipo B. iv) Calcular la incertidumbre estándar combinada v) Cálculo de la incertidumbre expandida.vi) Expresión de la incertidumbre de medida

Evaluation of medical student self-rated preparedness to care for limited english proficiency patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) represent a growing proportion of the US population and are at risk of receiving suboptimal care due to difficulty communicating with healthcare providers who do not speak their language. Medical school curricula are required to prepare students to care for all patients, including those with LEP, but little is known about how well they achieve this goal. We used data from a survey of medical students' cross-cultural preparedness, skills, and training to specifically explore their self-rated preparedness to care for LEP patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We electronically surveyed students at one northeastern US medical school. We used bivariate analyses to identify factors associated with student self-rated preparedness to care for LEP patients including gender, training year, first language, race/ethnicity, percent LEP and minority patients seen, and skill with interpreters. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the independent effect of each factor on LEP preparedness. In a secondary analysis, we explored the association between year in medical school and self-perceived skill level in working with an interpreter.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 651 students, 416 completed questionnaires (63.9% response rate). Twenty percent of medical students reported being very well or well-prepared to care for LEP patients. Of these, 40% were in their fourth year of training. Skill level working with interpreters, prevalence of LEP patients seen, and training year were correlated (p < 0.001) with LEP preparedness. Using multivariate logistic regression, only student race/ethnicity and self-rated skill with interpreters remained statistically significant. Students in third and fourth years were more likely to feel skilled with interpreters (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Increasingly, medical students will need to be prepared to care for LEP patients. Our study supports two strategies to improve student preparedness: training students to work effectively with interpreters and increasing student diversity to better reflect the changing US demographics.</p

Human-Crocodilian interactions in Latin America and the Caribbean region

In order to mitigate harmful interactions with wildlife, we need to understand the interactions between predators, domesticated animals and humans. Largescale transformations of crocodilian habitats across the Latin America and Caribbean region, alongside significant use of crocodilians as a resource, and retaliatory killing of crocodilians following (or to prevent) attacks on humans and their animals, are generating significant conservation challenges. This matters because this is the world’s most biodiverse region for crocodilians. Because there is little information on specific situations across this vast and complex region, in 2018 we initiated a biannual questionnaire survey to establish a reporting network. In this paper, we summarise the findings of surveys conducted in 2018 and 2020. We triangulate this feedback with croc attack data, consultation with regional experts, and the published and grey literature. We identify overall trends in negative human-crocodilian interactions at country level, the most reported causes of these, and identify the key species and regions of concern. We report on management policies and responses to negative interactions including direct action and outreach activities. We acknowledge (and clarify) key knowledge gaps, and motivate for improved cooperation across the region with regard to policies, management and data collection and sharing

Distribution of minerals in the organs of green pea and snap bean plants that could be used in Industry 4.0

Objective: Know the composition of minerals, essential trace elements and toxic trace elements of the organs of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants for their possible use in industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: The concentration of mineral elements was determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the relationship of the amount of minerals with the flours of the different organs (root, stem, leaves and fruits of peas (P. sativum L.) and green beans (P. vulgaris). Results: The leaves represent an important fraction of the dry matter (30-40%) in the plants evaluated and are rich in minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium), essential trace elements (manganese, iron, selenium, zinc) , toxic trace elements (aluminum, strontium, boron, tin, ba-rium) and rare earth elements (cerium, yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium). Limitations on study/implications: The production condition of the crops is unknown, on which the content of mineral elements largely depends. Findings/conclusions: The organs of pea and snap bean plants represent an alternative as raw material in the production of foods and biomaterials enriched with minerals, essential trace elements, toxic trace elements and rare earth elements, since these accumulate and biocontain -focus on these organs and these plants can be used as indicators or as phytoextractors to be selected as inputs in industry 4.0 processes

Peces de la estrella fluvial inírida: ríos Guaviare, Inírida, Atabapo y Orinoco (Orinoquía colombiana)

Data derived from the literature supplemented with new collections made in the Inírida Fluvial Star (15th to 27th February 2008) reveal a species richness of 470 fishes species grouped in 224 genera, 40 families, and 10 orders. Its represents the higher species richness in the Orinoco River Basin. Orders with the largest numbers of species in the Star were Characiformes (237 species), Siluriformes (136 species), Perciformes (60 species), and Gymnotiformes (19 species), with the remaining 6 orders having from 1 to 7 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (141 species), followed by the Cichlidae (55 species), Loricariidae (39 species), Pimelodidae (23 species), and Anostomidae (21 species); the remaining 35 families have 1 to 18 species. Present data indicate that 4 species are new records for the Orinoco River Basin and 19 are new for Colombia. The species richness by river was: 280 for the Inírida, 238 for Atabapo, 224 for Guaviare, and 82 for the Orinoco. In the Inírida Fluvial Star 335 species have commercial value as ornamentals, and 132 are harvested for food

Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): a comparative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We compare traditional knowledge and use of wild edible plants in six rural regions of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula as follows: Campoo, Picos de Europa, Piloña, Sanabria and Caurel in Spain and Parque Natural de Montesinho in Portugal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on the use of 97 species were collected through informed consent semi-structured interviews with local informants. A semi-quantitative approach was used to document the relative importance of each species and to indicate differences in selection criteria for consuming wild food species in the regions studied.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>The most significant species include many wild berries and nuts (e.g. <it>Castanea sativa, Rubus ulmifolius, Fragaria vesca</it>) and the most popular species in each food-category (e.g. fruits or herbs used to prepare liqueurs such as <it>Prunus spinosa</it>, vegetables such as <it>Rumex acetosa</it>, condiments such as <it>Origanum vulgare</it>, or plants used to prepare herbal teas such as <it>Chamaemelum nobile</it>). The most important species in the study area as a whole are consumed at five or all six of the survey sites.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Social, economic and cultural factors, such as poor communications, fads and direct contact with nature in everyday life should be taken into account in determining why some wild foods and traditional vegetables have been consumed, but others not. They may be even more important than biological factors such as richness and abundance of wild edible flora. Although most are no longer consumed, demand is growing for those regarded as local specialties that reflect regional identity.</p

Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2

Although two-dose mRNA vaccination provides excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2, there is little information about vaccine efficacy against variants of concern (VOC) in individuals above eighty years of age1. Here we analysed immune responses following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine2 in elderly participants and younger healthcare workers. Serum neutralization and levels of binding IgG or IgA after the first vaccine dose were lower in older individuals, with a marked drop in participants over eighty&nbsp;years old. Sera from participants above eighty showed lower neutralization potency against the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and P.1. (Gamma) VOC than against the wild-type virus and were more likely to lack any neutralization against VOC following the first dose. However, following the second dose, neutralization against VOC was detectable regardless of age. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells was higher in elderly responders (whose serum showed neutralization activity) than in non-responders after the first dose. Elderly participants showed a clear reduction in somatic hypermutation of class-switched cells. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 by SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells was lower in older participants, and both cytokines were secreted primarily by CD4 T cells. We conclude that the elderly are a high-risk population and that specific measures to boost vaccine responses in this population are warranted, particularly where variants of concern are circulating

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3$\sigma$ (5$\sigma$) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3$\sigma$ level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest