La participación de la audiencia televisiva en los programas de opinión españoles a través de Twitter

Las redes sociales permiten que la audiencia televisiva interactúe con los contenidos de los programas, expresando su opinión, contribuyendo a difundir informaciones de actualidad, debatiendo asuntos de interés público y organizando iniciativas de cambio social. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las características de la participación de los televidentes de los programas de opinión (debate, magacín y entrevista) a través de la red social Twitter. Para ello, se empleó la técnica del análisis de contenido a una muestra representativa de los mensajes emitidos por los telespectadores durante este tipo de programas a lo largo de un año en los canales públicos y privados españoles. Los resultados obtenidos indican un predominio de opiniones diferentes a las transmitidas durante el programa, la ausencia de justificación o argumentación de los comentarios, la escasa proporción de propuestas concretas de mejora de las situaciones criticadas, una alta incidencia de mensajes que solo reproducían el contenido televisivo y una casi inexistente interacción entre los usuarios. Los mensajes están demasiado condicionados por el medio que los ocasiona y aún no se ha desarrollado toda la capacidad crítica y transformadora que podría alcanzar la participación de los usuarios en este tipo de programas. Social media allow television audiences to interact with program contents, by expressing their opinions, contributing to spreading news information, debating issues of public interest and organizing initiatives for social change. The central objective of this study is to discern the characteristics of television audience participation in opinion programs (debate, interview and magazines) through the social network Twitter. In order to accomplish this, we performed a content analysis on a representative sample of a full year of messages sent by viewers of these programs on Spanish public and private channels. The results indicates a pre-dominance of opinions differing from those transmitted during the program, the absence of motivation or arguments in the comments, a low proportion of proposals to improve the social situations under critique, a high presence of messages that reproduced the television content; and the almost non-existence of interaction among the users. These findings suggest that, despite audiences having diverging opinions on TV and a certain level of independent judgment, the tweets are heavily conditioned by these media and the user participation in such programs has not developed the critical and transformative power it could reach

Transparency of government healthcare websites: a predictive model based on the main public administrations of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain

Transparency and public accountability are two essential aspects of public administrations because they help to prevent possible cases of corruption and encourage citizen participation. In this sense, transparency is a communicative, not merely administrative or legal, process between public institutions and citizens. The main objective of this study is to identify predictive factors of transparency in government healthcare centers in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain in 2021. To do this, we analyzed the websites of 64 public administrations from these countries. Content analysis was applied to assess the presence of 24 indicators on each website. The results for the studied cases reveal an association between the level of transparency and three factors: healthcare systems, internet access, and administration levels. We also identified a predictive factor that should be considered in future studies on the transparency of healthcare websites: the likelihood of decreased transparency was reduced by 91% for public healthcare systems (Ecuador and Spain) as opposed to mixed public –private healthcare systems (Chile and Colombia). We thereby conclude that the involvement of the State, at least in matters related to the healthcare field, favors greater access to information by the community, at the same time as providing greater social responsibility because of substantial communication of the activities carried out by these centers, as well as how and by whom

High 2,3-butanediol production from glycerol by Raoultella terrigena CECT 4519.

Bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into 2,3-butanediol has received recently much attention due to its increasing surplus and its multiple uses in industry as bulk chemical. The influence of initial glycerol concentration on 2,3-butanediol production in batch runs has been studied. A concentration higher than 140 g/L produces an inhibitory effect on the final 2,3-butanediol concentration and its production rate. In batch mode, the highest yield respect to the theoretical maximum yield (71%) was reached employing 140 g/L as initial concentration 140 g/L. Based on these results, a high 2,3-butanediol production has been achieved through a fed-batch strategy. The reached 2,3-butanediol concentration was 90.5 g/L from pure glycerol and 80.5 g/L from raw glycerol. The 2,3-butanediol yield respect to the theoretical maximum yield was also improved through the fed-batch operation (90%). To date, this concentration is the highest produced amount employing as biocatalyst a non-pathogenic bacterium (level 1).pre-print478 K

Transparency of government healthcare websites : a predictive model based on the main public administrations of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain

Este artículo es resultado de las actividades de investigación de la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación de la Universidad del Rosario (Colombia), del Laboratorio de Periodismo y Comunicación para la Ciudadanía Plural de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España) y del Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación, Desarrollo y Política(Gicodepo) de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador).Transparency and public accountability are two essential aspects of public administrations because they help to prevent possible cases of corruption and encourage citizen participation. In this sense, transparency is a communicative, not merely administrative or legal, process between public institutions and citizens. The main objective of this study is to identify predictive factors of transparency in government healthcare centers in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain in 2021. To do this, we analyzed the websites of 64 public administrations from these countries. Content analysis was applied to assess the presence of 24 indicators on each website. The results for the studied cases reveal an association between the level of transparency and three factors: healthcare systems, internet access, and administration levels. We also identified a predictive factor that should be considered in future studies on the transparency of healthcare websites: the likelihood of decreased transparency was reduced by 91% for public healthcare systems (Ecuador and Spain) as opposed to mixed public -private healthcare systems (Chile and Colombia). We thereby conclude that the involvement of the State, at least in matters related to the healthcare field, favors greater access to information by the community, at the same time as providing greater social responsibility because of substantial communication of the activities carried out by these centers, as well as how and by whom.La transparencia y la rendición de cuentas son dos importantes aspectos para las administraciones públicas, dado que ayudan tanto a prevenir posibles casos de corrupción, como a incentivar una mayor participación de la ciudadanía. En este sentido, la transparencia es un proceso comunicativo, no un mero proceso administrativo o legal entre las ins-tituciones públicas y los ciudadanos. El objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar los factores predictivos de la transparencia en los sitios gubernamentales de salud de Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y España en 2021. Para ello, hemos analizado los sitios web de 64 administraciones públicas de estos países. El estudio se basó en un análisis de contenido a partir del examen de 24 indicadores en cada una de esas páginas. Los resultados revelan una asociación entre el nivel de transparencia y tres factores: los sistemas de salud, el acceso a internet y los niveles de la administración. También se identifica un factor predictivo que debe ser considerado en estudios futuros sobre la transparencia de los servicios de salud: la probabilidad de contar con una menor transparencia se reduce en un 91% de posibilidades para los sistemas públicos de salud (Ecuador y España), frente a los sistemas mixtos público-privados (Chile y Colombia). En consecuen-cia, la presencia del Estado en el campo de la salud genera una mayor apertura de la información y, al mismo tiempo, muestra una mayor responsabilidad social de esas instituciones gracias a la comunicación sobre lo que se hace, quiénes lo hacen y cómo lo hacen

Health transparency and communication on the government websites of Ibero-American countries: the cases of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain

Through the strategic use of health communication from their websites, government institutions can achieve greater promotion and prevent health issues for citizens, at whom such websites are aimed. Thus, the transparency of these sites is essential to favor issues such as participation, accountability, and good governance. In the present study, through content analysis, we examined how active transparency and communication in health is built through analyzing the information provided by the different administrative levels with competencies in this field (government, regions, and municipalities) from the following countries: Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain. The results were projected according to a double axis of analysis. On the one hand, we offer a description of the levels of management of this phenomenon (structural characteristics and available resources). On the other hand, we developed indices based on each of the countries to compare the typologies grouped in these Ibero-American countries. As a general conclusion, the results evinced insufficient transparency in common; however, the deficit was less in countries that had a public health syste

Pining for answers: Study of cationic amino acids (CATs) transport in maritime pine Pinus pinaster Aiton.

Amino acid (AA) transporters are membrane proteins involved in AA mobilization within and between cells and cells compartments. In plants, these transporters are responsible of AA transport from sink to source organelle/cell and vice versa. They have a variety of biological functions, including phloem loading and unloading, seed development, intracellular transport, and organic nitrogen (N) assimilation in roots (Dinkeloo et al., 2018). Widhalm et al. (2015) confirmed the existence of a cationic AA transporter in Petunia hybrida (PhCAT) that is involved in Phe transport from the plastids to the cytosol in flowers. Pinus pinaster is a conifer model tree with ecological and economical importance due to its forestry and biotechnological interest. Molecular studies have been developed, especially related with N transport, metabolism, and regulation as well as wood formation (Castro-Rodríguez et al., 2016, 2017; Ortigosa et al., 2020, 2022). The objective of this study is to identify cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) in maritime pine (P. pinaster) and to elucidate the intracellular and intercellular transport of amino acids. In our research group, 9 CATs have been identified in P. pinaster (PpCATs) using differential transcriptomic profiling in different tissues. The structure and topology of the membrane proteins, their gene expression levels and subcellular localization have been studied for PpCAT3, PpCAT9, PpCAT10 and PpCAT11. PpCAT3 and PpCAT9 are localized in the plasma membrane, PpCAT11 in the tonoplast while PpCAT10 is found in the chloroplast membrane. Furthermore, the localization of PpCAT10 was verified by chloroplast isolation and confirmed using an organelle marker. The location of PpCAT10 in the plastid membrane and its expression pattern suggest that this AA transporter has a critical role in AA transport from plastids to the cytosol (and/or vice versa) during seasonal growth in maritime pine.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Divulgación de la información ambiental en páginas web en empresas cotizadas chilenas

No cabe duda de que la divulgación en temas de sostenibilidad es aporte a la problemática mundial medioambiental. En este sentido, este trabajo presenta un análisis de la divulgación de información relacionadas con los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en las páginas web de 107 compañías chilenas utilizando diferentes variables recogidas de forma dicotómica desde los sitios web corporativos a partir de una lista de chequeo para determinar un índice que permita medir la revelación de información relativa al medioambiente bajo un contexto de sostenibilidad, a partir de cinco índices propuestos. Entre los resultados observamos que las empresas divulgan más respecto a su gobierno corporativo y en menor medida en condiciones laborales. Asimismo, se observa que el sector minero presenta una mejor divulgación promedio, sin embargo, la industria agro-silvícola aún tiene mucho por mejorar en esta materia y las empresas de mayor tamaño y mejor EBIT igualmente se relacionan directamente con la mayor divulgación en internet de informaciones evaluadas

Centrifugally spun mats based on biopolyesters/hydroxyapatite and their potential as bone scaffolds

This work studied the potential of centrifugal spinning for the production of fibrous materials based on poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-Hap). The influence of n-Hap concentration (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) and spinneret angular speed on the final fiber morphology were analyzed. Further experimental evaluations were implemented to determine the effect of n-Hap on the thermal and mechanical performance. The optimum parameters that show a balance among high yield production of homogeneous fibers with the smallest fiber average diameter were found to be at 5 wt.% of n-Hap processed at 7000 rpm for PDLLA, and 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of n-Hap at 6000 rpm for PHB. The thermal stability, for both systems, was not significantly affected. The mechanical performance of PHB systems was improved with the addition of n-Hap. Osteoblast cell viability tests depicted a favorable cell response on the PDLLA systems

Yajat Kiwe : sendero ecológico, turístico educativo para caminantes de la naturaleza

El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un sendero ecológico que articule procesos del etnoturismo y el enfoque sostenible el cual fomentará el reconocimiento del territorio para aportar a el cambio de imagen que se tiene, debido a la estigmatización de la zona, por el con icto histórico y social “poscon icto”, se requieren acciones para incrementar el número de visitantes y turistas en la zona. Se planteo un diseño arquitectónico con una implantación en un sector rural de un sendero ecológico que se desarrolle por medio del etnoturismo y el enfoque sostenible bajo la cosmovisión indígena “NASA PAEZ” para generar nuevas aperturas y dinámicas en el territorio. Constituye una serie de estrategias que indican el camino que se debe recorrer para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, está constituido por una metodología teórica donde los métodos son el levantamiento de información según tema, Diagnóstico multisecular de la zona de intervención, Investigación de la ACIN y su jurisprudencia, Investigación de sobre los planes de vida de la comunidad indígena NASA PAEZ, Análisis del Estado del Arte, Percepción de la zona de intervención, Formulación de la pregunta, Formulación de objetivos, Hipótesis y por ultimo Profundización del método de Diseño participativo, Arrojando las determinantes de diseño y propuesta de diseño.The main objective of the work is to design an ecological path that articulates processes of ethnotourism and sustainable approach which will promote the recognition of the territory to contribute to the change of image that is had, due to the stigmatization of the area, by the historical con ict and social "post-con ict", actions are required to increase the number of visitors and tourists in the area. An architectural design was proposed with an implantation in a rural sector of an ecological path that is developed through ethnotourism and the sustainable approach under the indigenous worldview "NASA PAEZ" to generate new openings and dynamics in the territory. It constitutes a series of strategies that indicate the path that must be traveled to reach the proposed objective, it is constituted by a theoretical methodology where the methods are the gathering of information according to topic, multisecular diagnosis of the area of intervention, ACIN investigation and its jurisprudence, Investigation of the life plans of the indigenous community NASA PAEZ, Analysis of the State of the Art, Perception of the area of intervention, Formulation of the question, Formulation of objectives, Hypothesis and nally Deepening of the participatory design method, Shedding the determinants of design and design proposal. Inpu