Gestión de la empresa Erie en simulador de negocios CAPSIM

El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar la estrategia, las decisiones y los resultados del equipo de trabajo que tomó la dirección de la compañía Erie en el simulador de negocios Capstone. En este simulador, que se especializa en la enseñanza de estrategias de negocios, compiten seis empresas durante ocho años de operación, está situado en la industria de los sensores y el año de arranque fue el 2017

Use of Microcalorimetry to Determine the Costs and Benefits to Pseudomonas Putida Strain KT2440 of Harboring Cadmium Efflux Genes

A novel microcalorimetric approach was used to analyze the responses of a metal-tolerant soil bacterium (Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440) to metal resistance gene deletions in cadmium-amended media. As hypothesized, under cadmium stress, the wild-type strain benefited from the resistance genes by entering the exponential growth phase earlier than two knockout strains. In the absence of cadmium, strain KT1, carrying a deletion in the main component (czcA1) of a Cd/Zn chemiosmotic efflux transporter (CzcCBA1), grew more efficiently than the wild type and released similar to 700 kJ (per mole of biomass carbon) less heat than the wild-type strain, showing the energetic cost of maintaining CzcCBA1 in the absence of cadmium. A second mutant strain (KT4) carrying a different gene deletion, Delta cadA2, which encodes the main Cd/Pb efflux transporter (a P-type ATPase), did not survive beyond moderate cadmium concentrations and exhibited a decreased growth yield in the absence of cadmium. Therefore, CadA2 plays an essential role in cadmium resistance and perhaps serves an additional function. The results of this study provide direct evidence that heavy metal cation efflux mechanisms facilitate shorter lag phases in the presence of metals and that the maintenance and expression of tolerance genes carry quantifiable energetic costs and benefits

Utilización de Clorhexidina en la prevención de enfermedad gingival de pacientes embarazadas

Varios trabajos de investigación señalan la relación entre enfermedad periodontal (EP) y parto prematuro. Por otra parte durante el embarazo, múltiples factores promueven inflamación y sangrado de las encías. Esta situación puede verse agravada por la persistencia de placa dental debido a modificaciones en los hábitos higiénicos- dietéticos y a la situación socioeconómica y cultural de la gestante. La gingivitis no prevenida o no tratada facilita el desarrollo de la EP En el presente trabajo se ha adicionado a la terapia básica convencional clorhexidina, un fármaco de valor intrínseco elevado para prevenir la placa dental, con el propósito de mejorar recursos terapéuticos que reduzcan la prevalencia y las complicaciones asociadas a inflamación gingival en la etapa gestacional.Para el estudio comparativo, controlado y abierto se consideraron a 60 mujeres embarazadas con un rango de edad entre los I 7 y 40 años, atendidas en un Hospital Público de la ciudad de Corrientes, República Argentina. Mediante selección aleatoria simple fueron divididas en dos grupos, uno de control con tratamiento de terapia básica y otro considerado experimental a quien se le agregó clorhexidina al 0,12 % del 3° al 8° mes de embarazo. Los marcadores utilizados para la evaluación fueron el índice de O ’Leary de placa dental y el índice gingival de Loe y Silness.Los resultados demostraron que la asociación clorhexidina- terapia básica es más eficaz y efectiva que el control mecánico de la placa dental exclusivamente. Asimismo sugieren que programas de prevención de salud bucal dirigido especialmente a grupos de mujeres gestantes de alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica podrían beneficiarse con una relación beneflcio/riesgo/costo favorable al reducir riesgos asociados al uso de medicamentos sistémicos y las intervenciones odontológicas invasivas implicados en el trata­miento de enfermedad periodontal instalada

Synthesis and characterization of fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus oryzae ipt-301 for high fructooligosaccharides production

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are mainly produced by microbial fructosyltransferases (FTase, E.C.2.4.1.9), and Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301 has shown high fructosyl transferring and low hydrolytic activities, which leads to high FOS production yields, but the main operating parameters for its best performance have been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the cellular growth, production and characterization of mycelial and extracellular FTases by Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301. Experimental design showed that the extracellular FTase performance was optimized (high transfructosylation activity and low hydrolytic activity) for reaction pH 5.5 - 6.75 and temperature of 45-50 °C and was fitted by the Michaelis-Menten model, while the mycelial FTase showed better performance at pH below 6.5 and temperature above 46 °C and was better fitted by the Hill model. The results obtained showed that the fungus represents a promising source for FOS production on a laboratorial scale.The authors gratefully acknowledge The State of Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG, Process APQ-02131-14) for providing financial support and the Institute for Technological Research (IPT/SP)/Programa Novos Talentos, through an individual research grant attributed to Cristiane Angélica Ottoni.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enhanced detection of groundwater contamination from a leaking waste disposal site by microbial community profiles

Groundwater biogeochemistry is adversely impacted when municipal solid waste leachate, rich in nutrients and anthropogenic compounds, percolates into the subsurface from leaking landfills. Detecting leachate contamination using statistical techniques is challenging because well strategies or analytical techniques may be insufficient for detecting low levels of groundwater contamination. We sampled profiles of the microbial community from monitoring wells surrounding a leaking landfill using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Results show in situ monitoring of bacteria, archaea, and the family Geobacteraceae improves characterization of groundwater quality. Bacterial T-RFLP profiles showed shifts correlated to known gradients of leachate and effectively detected changes along plume fringes that were not detected using hydrochemical data. Experimental sediment microcosms exposed to leachate-contaminated groundwater revealed a shift from a -Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated community to one dominated by Firmicutes and δ-Proteobacteria. This shift is consistent with the transition from oxic conditions to an anoxic, iron-reducing environment as a result of landfill leachate-derived contaminants and associated redox conditions. We suggest microbial communities are more sensitive than hydrochemistry data for characterizing low levels of groundwater contamination and thus provide a novel source of information for optimizing detection and long-term monitoring strategies at landfill sites. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union

Tratamiento farmacológico en odontología. ¿Cuándo afecta la seguridad del paciente?

Patient safety is a quality dimension in health care, because there is a certain degree of danger in each step of the process; focusing on the use of medicines, the most harmful problems are related to errors in the selection of medicines and their correlation with the diagnosis and in the unjustified use of them. The objective of this study was to analyze drug prescription situations in relation to patient safety. It is a prospective, observational and descriptive study; of a sample made up of all the prescriptions received during 12 continuous months, prescribed by dentists for oral pathologies, from a social service institute, in the city of Corrientes, Argentina. The prescription situations were analyzed into adequate and inadequate, and the latter were subdivided into: a) excessive prescription or undermedication and b) inappropriate prescription in relation to the indicated medication or dose, with the diagnosis. A quantitative analysis of the prescribed drugs was performed with descriptive statistics and a qualitative analysis through quality parameters such as the number of active ingredients that the drug contains and the "potential therapeutic intrinsic value" (PTIV). Results: 518 prescriptions were prescribed by dentists for oral pathologies, 20% presented situations of unsafe use, 17 prescriptions with excessive prescriptions or submedication and 86 prescriptions with an inappropriate relationship between the medication and the diagnosis. In conclusion, we have detected prescriptions with a high potential to produce adverse effects, as well as situations of lack of knowledge about therapeutic indications, with unnecessary use of antibiotics.La seguridad del paciente es una dimensión de calidad en atención de salud, porque hay cierto grado de peligrosidad en cada paso del proceso; centrándonos en el uso de medicamentos los problemas más perjudiciales están relacionados a errores en la selección de los medicamentos y su correlación con el diagnóstico y en la utilización injustificada de los mismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar situaciones de prescripción de medicamentos en relación a la seguridad del paciente. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo; de una muestra constituida por todas las recetas recibidas durante 12 meses continuos, prescriptas por odontólogos para patologías bucodentales, de un instituto de servicio social, de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. Las situaciones de prescripción se analizaron y clasificaron en adecuadas e inadecuadas, y estas últimas fueron subdivididas en: a) prescripción excesiva o submedicación y b) prescripción inapropiada en relación entre medicamento o dosis indicadas, con el diagnóstico. Se realizó el análisis cuantitativo de los medicamentos prescritos con estadística descriptiva y un análisis cualitativo a través de parámetros de calidad como número de principios activos que contiene el medicamento y el “valor intrínseco terapéutico potencial” (VITP). Resultados: de 518 recetas prescriptas por odontólogos para patologías bucodentales, el 20% presentaban situaciones de uso inseguro, 17 recetas con prescripciones excesivas o submedicación y 86 recetas con inadecuada relación entre el medicamento y diagnóstico. En conclusión hemos detectado prescripciones con alto potencial de producir efectos adversos, como así también situaciones de falta de conocimiento sobre indicaciones terapéuticas, con uso innecesario de antibióticos

Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N2O emissions in pasture soils

This work was funded by the New Zealand Government through the New Zealand Fund for Global Partnerships in Livestock Emissions Research to support the objectives of the Livestock Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (Agreement number: 16084) awarded to SEM and the University of Otago.peer-reviewedDenitrification is mediated by microbial, and physicochemical, processes leading to nitrogen loss via N2O and N2 emissions. Soil pH regulates the reduction of N2O to N2, however, it can also affect microbial community composition and functional potential. Here we simultaneously test the link between pH, community composition, and the N2O emission ratio (N2O/(NO + N2O + N2)) in 13 temperate pasture soils. Physicochemical analysis, gas kinetics, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomic and quantitative PCR (of denitrifier genes: nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII) analysis were carried out to characterize each soil. We found strong evidence linking pH to both N2O emission ratio and community changes. Soil pH was negatively associated with N2O emission ratio, while being positively associated with both community diversity and total denitrification gene (nir & nos) abundance. Abundance of nosZII was positively linked to pH, and negatively linked to N2O emissions. Our results confirm that pH imposes a general selective pressure on the entire community and that this results in changes in emission potential. Our data also support the general model that with increased microbial diversity efficiency increases, demonstrated in this study with lowered N2O emission ratio through more efficient conversion of N2O to N2.New Zealand Fund for Global Partnerships in Livestock Emissions Researc

High-Resolution Denitrification Kinetics in Pasture Soils Link N2O Emissions to pH, and Denitrification to C Mineralization

peer-reviewedDenitrification in pasture soils is mediated by microbial and physicochemical processes leading to nitrogen loss through the emission of N2O and N2. It is known that N2O reduction to N2 is impaired by low soil pH yet controversy remains as inconsistent use of soil pH measurement methods by researchers, and differences in analytical methods between studies, undermine direct comparison of results. In addition, the link between denitrification and N2O emissions in response to carbon (C) mineralization and pH in different pasture soils is still not well described. We hypothesized that potential denitrification rate and aerobic respiration rate would be positively associated with soils. This relationship was predicted to be more robust when a high resolution analysis is performed as opposed to a single time point comparison. We tested this by characterizing 13 different temperate pasture soils from northern and southern hemispheres sites (Ireland and New Zealand) using a fully automated-high-resolution GC detection system that allowed us to detect a wide range of gas emissions simultaneously. We also compared the impact of using different extractants for determining pH on our conclusions. In all pH measurements, soil pH was strongly and negatively associated with both N2O production index (IN2O) and N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio. Furthermore, emission kinetics across all soils revealed that the denitrification rates under anoxic conditions (NO+N2O+N2 μmol N/h/vial) were significantly associated with C mineralization (CO2 μmol/h/vial) measured both under oxic (r2 = 0.62, p = 0.0015) and anoxic (r2 = 0.89, p<0.0001) conditions.This work was funded by the New Zealand Government through the New Zealand Fund for Global Partnerships in Livestock Emissions Research to support the objectives of the Livestock Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (Agreement number: 16084) awarded to SEM and the University of Otago