77 research outputs found
Temperamento y adaptación de vacas holando en un sistema de ordeño voluntario : comportamiento, metabolismo y producción
Encuadernado con: Dairy cows´temperament and milking performance during the adaptation to an automatic milking system / Jéssica Tatiana Morales-Piñeyrúa ... [et al.]. Animals 13, 2023. -- Metabolic profile and productivity of dairy Holstein cows milked by a pasture-based automatic milking system during early lactation: Effects of cow temperament and parity / Jéssica T. Morales-Piñeyrúa ... [et al.]. Res. Vet. Sci. 147, 2022. -- The effects of heat stress on milk production and the grazing behavior of dairy Holstein cows milked an automatic milking system / Jéssica T. Morales-Piñeyrúa ... [et al.]. J Anim. Sci. 100, 2022A través de las respuestas fisiológicas y comportamentales individuales al manejo (por ejemplo, el temperamento) es posible evaluar como los animales se adaptan a los sistemas de producción. El temperamento influye en la producción, reproducción, metabolismo, salud y respuestas de estrés de las vacas lecheras. Sin embargo, cómo el temperamento afecta la adaptación de vacas lecheras a los sistemas de producción no ha sido estudiado. Dado que los sistemas de ordeñe voluntarios (SOV) se incrementan en Uruguay, es relevante conocer cómo se adaptan los animales a dichos sistemas, y qué factores afectan esta adaptación. El objetivo general de la tesis fue caracterizar el temperamento de vacas Holando primÃparas y multÃparas por diferentes pruebas, y evaluar las respuestas comportamentales, metabólicas y productivas de acuerdo con el temperamento animal en un SOV. El trabajo se desarrolló en cuatro grandes capÃtulos siguiendo los objetivos especÃficos: 1) evaluar la adaptación comportamental y productiva de vacas multÃparas Holando al traslado desde un sistema de ordeñe convencional a uno voluntario, y su relación con la reactividad a diferentes pruebas de temperamento (n=35), 2) determinar la influencia del temperamento de vacas primÃparas Holando en los indicadores productivos y comportamentales de adaptación a los primeros ordeñes en un SOV (n=34), 3) comparar la producción y composición de la leche, frecuencia de ordeñe, y los perfiles metabólicos durante el perÃodo de transición (hasta 70 dÃas posparto) de vacas Holando multÃparas (n=57) y primÃparas (n=34) de diferente reactividad a pruebas de temperamento en un SOV, 4) relacionar la reactividad a distintas pruebas de temperamento y la paridad (primÃparas o multÃparas) de vacas Holando con sus comportamientos en pastoreo bajo un SOV pastoril (n=69). Se evaluó el temperamento a los animales perteneciente al rodeo del SOV de INIA La Estanzuela, utilizando 4 pruebas: reactividad en el ordeñe, tiempo de pasaje por el tubo, velocidad de fuga y distancia de fuga. Las vacas primÃparas y multÃparas fueron clasificadas según cada prueba en animales calmos, intermedios o reactivos, y esos grupos de temperamento fueron relacionados con diferentes variables productivas, comportamentales y fisiológicas, obtenidas en diferentes situaciones de manejo o estrés (traslado de un sistema de ordeñe a otro, primeros ordeñes y perÃodo de transición). En base a nuestros resultados podemos concluir que existió una relación entre el temperamento evaluado por pruebas realizadas en el corral y las respuestas comportamentales, productivas y metabólicas de vacas Holando cuando entran por primera vez al SOV y durante el posparto temprano. Los comportamientos de los animales mientras pastorean también fueron influenciados por la reactividad a diferentes pruebas de temperamento de los mismos. Todas estas respuestas fueron diferentes según la paridad y la prueba usada para evaluar el temperamento. En términos generales, las vacas calmas fueron más sensibles y/o tuvieron más dificultades para adaptarse al cambio de sistema que las reactivas, lo cual se evidenció en variables comportamentales (ej. más patadas), productivas (menor producción y flujo de leche) y metabólicas (mayor concentración de AGNE, colesterol, y haptoglobina, y menor BHB y proteÃnas totales), evidenciando un mayor compromiso de su bienestar
Relação entre o biótipo de vacas Holando, a estratégia de alimentação e a saúde do úbere
Mastitis frequency could be affected by animal and environmental conditions such as dairy cow genetics and feeding strategies. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the probability of clinical mastitis and somatic cell count (SCC) for New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein-Friesian cows maintained on two different feeding strategies (pasture or mixed). A total of 120 cows from the experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (INIA, by its Spanish acronym) (Colonia, Uruguay) were grouped into four groups derived from the combination of two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed, and two Holstein strains: NZ or NA (n=30). Clinical mastitis and SCC were evaluated monthly during a whole lactation period. There was an interaction between the Holstein strains and parity for clinical mastitis (P=0.04). The NA primiparous cows were the least likely to suffer clinical mastitis (OR: 0.003), while NA multiparous cows were the most likely to show clinical mastitis (OR: 0.12). The NZ cows reported intermediate values of OR (primiparous: 0.082, multiparous: 0.066). Feeding strategies did not affect clinical mastitis or SCC. Similar SCC was found for NZ and NA strains. In conclusion, regardless of the feeding strategy, the probability of clinical mastitis differed by the genetic origin of the Holstein cows. However, this difference was influenced by parity. The SCC was not influenced by the Holstein strain or the feeding strategy.Factores relacionados con el animal y el ambiente pueden afectar la frecuencia de mastitis, siendo la genética y la estrategia de alimentación algunos de dichos factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la frecuencia de mastitis clÃnica y los recuentos de células somáticas (RCS) de vacas Holando de dos biotipos, Norteamericano (NA) y Neozelandés (NZ), bajo dos estrategias de alimentación (pastura o mixto). En la Unidad Experimental de LecherÃa de INIA La Estanzuela (Colonia, Uruguay) fueron agrupadas 120 vacas en 4 tratamientos según la combinación de biotipo y estrategia de alimentación (n=30). La cantidad de vacas con mastitis clÃnica y los RCS fueron registrados mensualmente durante una lactación. Hubo una interacción entre el biotipo y la paridad de las vacas (primÃparas y multÃparas) (P=0,04) para la frecuencia de mastitis. Vacas primÃparas NA presentaron menor probabilidad de presentar mastitis clÃnica (ODR: 0,003). Por el contrario, las vacas multÃparas NA fueron las que presentaron mayor probabilidad de experimentar mastitis clÃnica (ODR: 0,12), mientras que las vacas de origen NZ mostraron valores intermedios (ODR primÃparas: 0,082; ODR multÃparas: 0,066). La estrategia de alimentación no afectó la frecuencia de mastitis ni los RCS. Tampoco el biotipo afectó el RCS. En conclusión, sin importar la estrategia de alimentación, la frecuencia de mastitis clÃnica fue diferente según el biotipo, pero estas diferencias fueron influenciadas por el número de partos de los animales. Los RCS no fueron afectados por la estrategia de alimentación o el biotipo animal.A genética e os sistemas de alimentação são fatores que afetam a incidência de mastite. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a incidência de mastite clÃnica e a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) de vacas holandesas de dois biótipos, norte-americana (NA) e neozelandês (NZ), sob dois sistemas de alimentação (pastejo fixo ou máximo). Na Unidade Experimental do INIA La Estanzuela (Colonia, Uruguay) 120 vacas foram distribuÃdas em 4 tratamentos de acordo com a combinação de biótipo e alimentação (n = 30). O número de vacas com mastite clÃnica e a CSS foram registrados mensalmente durante uma lactação. Houve interação entre o biótipo e a paridade das vacas (P = 0,04) na frequência de mastite. Vacas primÃparas NA apresentaram menor probabilidade de apresentarem mastite clÃnica (ODR: 0,003). Em contraste, as vacas multÃparas NA tiveram a maior probabilidade de experimentar mastite clÃnica (ODR: 0,12), sendo as vacas de origem NZ os animais com valores intermédios (ODR primÃparas: 0,082; ODR multÃparas: 0,066). O sistema de alimentação não afetou a frequência de mastite ou CCS. O biótipo também não afetou a CCS. Em conclusão, independente do sistema de alimentação, a frequência de mastite foi diferente de acordo com o biótipo, mas essas diferenças foram influenciadas pela paridade dos animais. A CCS não foi afetada pelo sistema de alimentação ou biótipo animal
Concepto del Consejo de Estado Frente al deber contitucional de protección de los humedales
El objetivo del presente artÃculo es determinar la importancia de los humedales como parte integrante de un medio ambiente sano, el cual conlleva consigo un sin número de recursos naturales que son objeto de derechos y por ende de vital conservación y protección por parte del Estado a nivel nacional e internacional, esta investigación se trabaja con la metodologÃa investigación teórica ya que está dirigida al análisis y sÃntesis del problema. Su
técnica será Análisis de contenido de texto, utilizando como criterios base los fallos emitidos por el Consejo de Estado, frente al tema planteado en la introducción.Por medio de este artÃculo queremos resaltar la importancia que tiene el medio ambiente, especialmente los humedales y el papel fundamental del Estado en su cuidado y protección, debiéndose reglamentar de manera prioritaria su preservación.universidad Libre, Facultad de Derecho, Especialización de Derecho AdministrativoThe intect of this article is to determine the importance of wetlands as an integral part of a healthy environment, natural resources that are subject to rights and therefore vital conservation and protection by the government at the national and international levels, This research is worked with the theoretical research methodology since it is aimed at the analysis and synthesis of the problema. This research is worked with the theoretical research methodology since it is aimed at the analysis and synthesis of the problema.
Through this article we want to highlight the importance of caring for the environment. especially wetlands and the fundamental role of the State in their care and protection The care and preservation of them must be regulated as a matter of priorit
Relationship between strains of Holstein cows, feeding strategies and udder health
Mastitis frequency could be affected by animal and environmental conditions such as dairy cow genetics and feeding strategies. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the probability of clinical mastitis and somatic cell count (SCC) for New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein-Friesian cows maintained on two different feeding strategies (pasture or mixed). A total of 120 cows from the experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (INIA, by its Spanish acronym) (Colonia, Uruguay) were grouped into four groups derived from the combination of two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed, and two Holstein strains: NZ or NA (n=30). Clinical mastitis and SCC were evaluated monthly during a whole lactation period. There was an interaction between the Holstein strains and parity for clinical mastitis (P=0.04). The NA primiparous cows were the least likely to suffer clinical mastitis (OR: 0.003), while NA multiparous cows were the most likely to show clinical mastitis (OR: 0.12). The NZ cows reported intermediate values of OR (primiparous: 0.082, multiparous: 0.066). Feeding strategies did not affect clinical mastitis or SCC. Similar SCC was found for NZ and NA strains. In conclusion, regardless of the feeding strategy, the probability of clinical mastitis differed by the genetic origin of the Holstein cows. However, this difference was influenced by parity. The SCC was not influenced by the Holstein strain or the feeding strategy
Menstrual problems and lifestyle among Spanish university women
ABSTRACT: Menstrual problems affect many young women worldwide, conditioning both their academic performance and quality of life. This study sought to analyse the prevalence of menstrual problems and their possible relationship with lifestyle among Spanish university women, as part of a research project (UniHcos Project) involving a cohort of 11 Spanish universities with 7208 university students. A descriptive analysis was performed using the bivariate chi-square test and the Student’s t-test together with a binary logistic regression, in which the dependent variable was ‘suffering from menstrual problems’. Menstrual problems were identified in 23.8% of the students, representing women who paid more visits to the doctor and to emergency rooms, and who consumed more painkillers and contraceptives. In relation to dietary preferences, menstrual problems were 1.39 (CI 95% 1.22–1.61; p = 0.000) times more likely among women classified as high-risk alcohol users according to the AUDIT questionnaire, and 1.187 (CI 95% 1.029–1.370; p = 0.019) times greater among those who consumed sweets daily, 1.592 (CI 95% 1.113–2.276; p = 0.011) times more frequent among those who eat fish daily, and 1.199 (CI 95% 1.004–1.432; p = 0.045) times greater among those who were dieting. Menstrual problems affect many college students and potentially modifiable lifestyle variables exist which may influence their prevalence. It would be interesting to develop programmes to promote women’s health in the university context.This research was funded by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Grant numbers: 2010|145 and 2013|034) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant number: PI16/01947)
Diseño y fabricación de un dispositivo portátil para la detección de epidemias
176 p.De acuerdo a la OMS, las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores representan
más del 17% de todas las enfermedades infecciosas, y provocan más de 700.000
muertes cada año. Entre estas enfermedades se encuentra una ocasionada por el
virus del Hanta, esta es la enfermedad de fiebre hemorrágica con sÃndrome renal
que tiene una incidencia anual de 150.000 a 200.000 casos en regiones como
Asia y Europa. Este virus también está presente en América, salvo que se
manifiesta con otras enfermedades, como lo es el sÃndrome cardio-pulmonar por
hantavirus. Este sÃndrome es una de las enfermedades que aqueja a la población
de nuestro paÃs y es producido especÃficamente por la cepa Andes del virus del
Hanta. El vector de esta cepa es el ratón de cola larga o Oligoryzomis
longicaudatus perteneciente a la familia Cricetidae que es una familia de roedores
miomorfos que forman parte de la gran superfamilia Muroidea. Existe una gran
cantidad de personas infectadas año a año con hantavirus en nuestro paÃs, y ya se
cuentan con 55 casos confirmados en lo que va del año 2019, según datos del
Ministerio de Salud de la República de Chile. Cómo método preventivo se ha
desarrollado un dispositivo inteligente, que utiliza el trampeo y captura viva de
roedores de pequeña envergadura, para colectar muestras biológicas del animal
(orina) y detectar de forma autónoma la presencia de proteÃnas en ellas. Esta
detección puede ser extrapolada para encontrar proteÃnas especÃficas de
determinados virus, cómo el hantavirus, con el fin de encontrar individuos
seropositivos en poblaciones de roedores de la familia Cricetidae. La detección de
virus en las condiciones que presenta el hábitat de estos roedores, requieren de
técnicas robustas, que sean capaces de resistir las adversidades del ecosistema y
no requieran mano de obra especializada ni intervención humana para su
operación. Se fabricó e implementó un dispositivo microfluÃdico basado en papel,
para la detección de proteÃnas a partir de una muestra de orina. Posteriormente, se realiza el envÃo de los resultados de manera remota. Como prueba del funcionamiento del equipo, se utilizaron muestras de orina humana. // ABSTRACT: According to WHO, vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all
infectious diseases, and cause more than 700,000 deaths each year. Among these
diseases is one caused by the Hanta virus, this is the disease of hemorrhagic fever
with renal syndrome that has an annual incidence of 150,000 to 200,000 cases in
regions such as Asia and Europe. This virus is also present in America, unless it
manifests itself with other diseases, such as hantavirus cardio-pulmonary
syndrome. This syndrome is one of that afflicts the population of our country and is
produced specifically by the Andes type of Hanta virus. The vector of this strain is
the long-tailed mouse or Oligoryzomis longicaudatus belonging to the Cricetidae
family, that is a family of myomorphic rodents that are part of the great Muroidea
superfamily. There is a large number of people infected year by year with
hantavirus in our country, and there are already 55 confirmed cases so far in 2019,
according to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Chile. As a
preventive method, an intelligent device has been developed, which uses the
trapping and live capture of small rodents, to collect biological samples of the
animal (urine) and autonomously detect the presence of proteins in them. This
detection can be extrapolated to find specific proteins of certain viruses, such as
hantavirus, in order to find seropositive individuals in rodent populations of the
Cricetidae family. The detection of viruses in the conditions presented by the
habitat of these rodents requires robust techniques that are capable of
withstanding the adversities of the ecosystem and do not require specialized labor
or human intervention for their operation. A paper-based microfluidic device was
manufactured and implemented for the detection of proteins from a urine sample.
Subsequently, the results are sent remotely to a database. As evidence of the operation of the equipment, human urine samples were used
Predicción de sitios de unión al ADN en la superfamilia Fur mediante inteligencia artificial y descriptores moleculares
71 p.La Superfamilia Fur se compone de proteÃnas reguladoras de absorción de iones,
estas poseen una similitud funcional y capacidad de unión al ADN, varÃan según el
cofactor metálico que utilicen dentro de las cuales podemos encontrar del tipo Fur,
Zur, Mur, Nur y PerR. El estudio del sitio de unión en proteÃnas de la Superfamilia
Fur y factores de transcripción es un tema de gran interés debido a que este tipo
de proteÃnas pueden ser potencialmente utilizadas en desarrollos y aplicaciones
antimicrobianas. En este estudio se caracterizaron 63 sitios de unión al ADN de
organismos bacterianos pertenecientes a Fur y diversos factores de transcripción,
mediante descriptores moleculares de secuencia y estructura. Utilizando técnicas
de inteligencia artificial se realizó la identificación de caracterÃsticas relevantes
para entrenar los modelos predictivos SVM y RF. Del análisis realizado se
determinó que el mejor modelo entrenado con caracterÃsticas de secuencia es
SVM logrando un rendimiento de exactitud (Accuracy) de 84.6%, mientras que
utilizando caracterÃsticas estructurales el modelo RF es el que logra un mejor
rendimiento con una exactitud (Accuracy) de 77.3%. Los resultados de la
predicción indican que es posible desarrollar un modelo predictivo de zonas de unión al ADN en proteÃnas con una alta precisión utilizando solo la información de secuencia. // ABSTRACT: The Fur superfamily is composed of ion absorption regulatory proteins. These have
functional similarities and DNA binding capacity. The diversity depends on the
metal cofactor used, among which they can find Fur, Zur, Mur, Nur, and PerR
types. The study of metal binding site proteins in the Fur superfamily and
transcription factors is a very interesting topic because these types of proteins can
potentially be used in antimicrobial development and its applications. In this
investigation, 63 DNA-binding sites of bacterial organisms belonging to the Fur
family and various transcription factors were characterized by molecular
descriptors of sequence and structure. The use of intelligent artificial intelligence
techniques made it possible to identify relevant characteristics for training SVM and
RF predicting models. The performed analysis determined that the best predicting
model using sequence characteristics is SVM, achieving a performance of 84.6%
accuracy while using structural characteristics the RF model achieved the best performance with 77.3% accuracy. The results of the prediction indicate that it is
possible to develop a DNA-binding site predictive model in proteins with high
accuracy using only sequence information
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Evolution of Prevalence and Patterns of Cannabis Use among First-Year University Students in Spain—UniHcos Project
Among university students there has been evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic increased their psychological distress, exacerbated by social restrictions. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use among university students, in contrast to previous trends since 2012. Data from 10,522 first-year university students (73.3% female, Mage 19 (SD = 1.6)) from eleven Spanish universities collected between 2012 and May 2022 was analysed. Prevalences of cannabis use and their differences by sex were studied, as well as changes in patterns of use and its use for coping during the pandemic. It was found that during lockdown, all prevalence rates of cannabis use decreased in both sexes, showing no statistically significant differences and increasing again in the new normal period in both. Among regular cannabis users, 79.7% reported maintaining or increasing their cannabis use during the pandemic, and of these, half reported using cannabis to cope. Moreover, cannabis use in the usual household increased during the lockdown. These results show that although the overall prevalence of cannabis use was reduced during the lockdown, regular users tended to maintain or increase cannabis use. This could imply two different patterns of use among students, one social and occasional versus the other regular, providing new lines of research for prevention and the implementation of social policies.This research was funded by the National Drug Plan from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Grant numbers: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant number: PI16/01947)
Post-COVID-19 Condition and Its Presence in Mexico
In this chapter, we discuss general information about the post-COVID-19 condition, also known as long COVID. Since it is still under research, many questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, post-acute complications due to infections have been previously reported for other viruses. Among those complications that remain are anosmia, fatigue, cardiovascular, and pulmonary. The evidence so far suggests that these complications decrease with time. The most worrying persistent symptoms due to COVID-19 are related to neurological damage. Most post-COVID-19 complications can be treated in a standard way, but their impact on life quality is unknown. Finally, we present a rough landscape of long COVID-19 in Mexico and Latin America. More studies are needed to study this condition and its impact on public health
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