The epistemic value of iconicity in artihmetic:the case of Leibniz’s Explication de l’Arithmétique Binaire(1703)

En este trabajo propongo discutir la tesis de la irreducibilidad de los aspectos icónicos en la representación en matemáticas. Más específicamente, consideraré el valor epistémico de la iconicidad para el caso de diferentes representaciones numéricas en aritmética elemental. Con este fin, presentaré un estudio de caso basado en el trabajo de Leibniz con distintos sistemas numéricos. En el caso bajo consideración Leibniz argumenta en favor de la idea de que los aspectos icónicos presentes en la notación binaria revelan relaciones estructurales de los números naturales que en otros sistemas de numeración permanecen ocultas. En consonancia con el trabajo de Grosholz (2007), concluiré que los aspectos icónicos de la representación en matemáticas son irreducibles y pueden cobrar mayor o menor relevancia dependiendo de los contextos posibles de resolución de problemas.In my paper I propose to discuss the epistemic value of iconicity in the case of different representations of numbers in elementary arithmetic. Recalling Peirce’s distinction between iconic, symbolicand indexical signs, I will first consider the thesis of the irreducibility of iconic representation in mathematics. Here I rely on research by Grosholz (2007). I will then show that iconicity is a matter of degree depending on each context of work as well as background knowledge relevant to the problem-solving activity. To this aim, I will make use of a case study: Leibniz ́s uses of numerical notations in arithmetic, in particular, the preference he expresses in 1703 for the binary system.Fil: Morales, José Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades. Cent.de Invest. Maria Saleme de Burnichon; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Impact of the Model Minority Myth for Asian American Students

Asian-Americans are often recognized for their merit among the minority groups. They attain jobs that allow them to hit the glass ceiling while also being recognized for their academic success. The society sees Asian Americans as the model minorities, a minority group that has been able to thrive in the Eurocentric society. They are the epitome of success for which other minority groups should strive for as an example. However, the idea of Model Minority sets a guise over Asian-Americans and the struggles they face. The purpose of this senior capstone is to examine in depth on how the Model Minority myth has negatively impact on Asian American students

Errors induced by the neglect of polarization in radiance calculations for three-dimensional cloudy atmospheres

Remote sensing instruments observe radiation being scattered and absorbed by molecules, aerosol particles, cloud droplets and ice crystals. In order to interpret and accurately model such observations, the vector radiative transfer equation needs to be solved, because scattering polarizes the initially unpolarized incoming solar radiation. A widely used approximation in radiative transfer theory is the neglect of polarization which allows to greatly simplify the radiative transfer equation. It is well known that the error caused by multiple Rayleigh scattering can be larger than 10\%, depending on wavelength and sun-observer geometry (Mishchenko et al., 1994). For homogeneous plane-parallel layers of liquid cloud droplets the error is comparatively small (below 1\%) (Hansen 1971). However, in reality clouds are not plane-parallel layers of water droplets but complex three-dimensional (3D) structures and observations of clouds usually include pixels consisting of clear and cloudy parts. In this study we revisit the question of the magnitude of error due to the neglect of polarization in radiative transfer theory for a realistic 3D cloudy atmosphere. We apply the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model MYSTIC with and without neglecting polarization and compare the results. At a phase angle of 90{\deg} and 400nm wavelength we find the maximum overestimation error of about 8% for complete clear-sky conditions. The error is reduced to about 6% in clear-sky regions surrounded by clouds due to scattering from clouds into the clear regions. Within the clouds the error is up to 4% with the highest values in cloud shadows. In backscattering direction the radiance is underestimated by about 5% in clear regions between clouds. For other sun-observer geometries, the error ranges between the two extremes. The error decreases with wavelength and in the absorption bands

Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) (I): Medidas de prevención y control

Measures of prevention and control against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) focus on an official food control, a code of best practice to reduce PAHs levels by controlling industry and in the development of a chemopreventive strategy. Regulation (EU) 835/2011 establishes maximum levels of PAHs for each food group. In addition, Regulations (EU) 333/2007 and 836/2011 set up the methods of sampling and analysis for its official control. Scientific studies prove that the chemopreventive strategy is effective against these genotoxic compounds effects. Most chemopreventive compounds studied with proven protective effects against PAHs are found in fruit and vegetables.Las medidas de prevención y control que existen frente a los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) consisten en realizar un control oficial, en llevar a cabo un código de buenas prácticas para reducir los niveles de HAPs en las industrias y en el desarrollo de una estrategia quimiopreventiva. El Reglamento (UE) 835/2011 establece los contenidos máximos de HAPs en los productos alimenticios. Además los Reglamentos (UE) 333/2007 y 836/2011 establecen los métodos de muestreo y análisis para el control oficial de estos compuestos. Estudios científicos demuestran que la estrategia quimiopreventiva es eficaz frente a los efectos genotóxicos de estos compuestos. La mayoría de los compuestos quimiopreventivos estudiados con efecto protector frente a los HAPs, se encuentran en frutas y vegetales

Labour Managed Firms in Spain

There are at least two types of companies: conventional capitalist companies or Profit Maximizing Firms (PMFs) and, on the other hand, companies managed by their workforce or Labour-Managed Firms (LMFs). The entrepreneurial structures in Spain which include this second type are worker cooperatives (cooperativas de trabajo asociado) and public or limited liability worker-owned companies (sociedades laborales). This paper describes how this type of company has evolved using a set of indicators and offers a closer look at some of the reasons which explain the current difficult situation which, as will be shown, can be considered as critical in the case of cooperatives.Labour-Managed Firms, worker cooperatives, worker-owned companies, employment.

El "análisis de los caracteres", signos ambiguos y la idea de "sustitución" según Leibniz

Nuestro propósito en este escrito será investigar el tema de la "sustitución" en Leibniz en el contexto de lo que este autor denomina ars inveniendi (arte inventivo). Consideraremos, más específicamente, la utilización de algunas herramientas simbólicas empleadas en sus trabajos matemáticos a la luz de una serie de fragmentos filosóficos del autor inmediatamente posteriores a su estancia en París (1672 - 1676), período en el que se trazan las bases fundamentales del cálculo infinitesimal

Vínculo de la teoría práctica para el desarrollo de competencias mediante la asignatura de Física en el Nivel Medio Superior de la UANL.

En esta actividad investigativa se diseñó una estrategia didáctica para la realización de actividades en el salón de clase orientadas al desarrollo de competencias científicas en los estudiantes; para ello se propone el estudio integral del fenómeno físico enfocado a la comprensión total, tomando en cuenta las potencialidades de la Física aunado a las potencialidades de su didáctica. El principal sustento consiste en que en una misma actividad docente: se observe, se modele, se interprete, se describa, se argumente, se interactúe con el fenómeno físico y se verifique lo estudiado. Para ello fue necesario elaborar una serie de experimentos en las áreas de Mecánica, Óptica, Electricidad y Magnetismo, Calor y Fluidos, además se diseñó un software relacionado con algunos de los experimentos para el estudio del fenómeno físico de la manera antes descrita. Se aplicó la estrategia a un grupo de estudiantes de la asignatura de Física de una de las preparatorias de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León y se muestran los resultados de la aplicación

Slow fashion and sustainability in Spain: How can local manufacturing improve sustainability and how do consumers respond?

"Slow Fashion" attempts to offset the demand for fast fashion and mass production (Fletcher, 2007). Consumers' response to sustainability-based practices is a limited discourse and studies for slow fashion concept are scarce. This study thus aims to enlighten the subject of how slow fashion concept could improve local economies and how Spanish consumers respond to such initiatives. This paper is based on an exploratory qualitative research for which focus group interviews including three group discussions with Spanish consumers were held. The data was examined by constant comparison analysis to present consumer insights. Moreover, a case study was conducted with a Spanish apparel brand. Saint Brissant was chosen since it manufactures in Spain to (i) ensure its products? high quality and (ii) to empower Spanish economy. This paper provides empirical insights. Even though local manufacturing was perceived to have a higher quality, Spanish consumers? behavioural intentions of using local brands were not high.Self-interest, mainly price and design, was recorded as the most influential purchase criteria. Furthermore, Saint Brissant case demonstrated that local manufacturing could boost local economies by creating workforce. However, governmental subsidies should be rearranged and consumers? perceptions should be improved to support local manufacturers in Spain