244 research outputs found
The effect of infrastructures on total factor productivity and its determinants: a study on Mexico
Se analiza el impacto de las infraestructuras sobre la productividad to-
tal de los factores, PTF, y sus componentes: cambio técnico y cambio
en eficiencia, en las entidades federativas en México. La metodología
para obtener la PTF y sus componentes se basa en técnicas de fronteras
no paramétricas Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). En el análisis de
la influencia de las infraestructuras sobre los componentes de la PTF
se utilizan técnicas econométricas de datos de panel. Los resultados
muestran la relevancia del cambio en la eficiencia, mientras que las
infraestructuras afectan de manera positiva sólo a la PTF y al compo-
nente que hace referencia al cambio técnico.The objective of this research is to identify the effect which infras-
tructures have on Total Factor Productivity, TFP, and on its compo-
nents: technical change and efficiency change, of the Mexican states.
The methodologies employed are Data Envelopment Analysis to obtain
TFP and their components, and panel data econometrics, particularly
through the estimation of a model of fixed effects, to determine the
effect of the infrastructures. The results show in the first place that
technical efficiency is of greater importance to the composition of TFP.
Likewise, the existence of a favorable effect of the infrastructures on
TFP and its factors is verified
Frontera tecnológica y eficiencia técnica sectorial en México: un análisis envolvente de datos
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la frontera tecnológica
y la eficiencia técnica sectorial de México. La metodología empleada es el Data
Envelopment Analysis. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que los sectores relacionados con la agricultura, minería, manufacturas, servicios financieros,
profesionales y corporativos, son totalmente eficientes bajo rendimientos variables a
escala mientras que bajo rendimientos constantes se excluye el sector 11; la media de
eficiencia es de 0.71 bajo rendimientos variables y 0.64 bajo rendimientos constantes
a escala, por lo que existe la posibilidad de mejorar el output en aproximadamente un
30% haciendo mejor uso del capital y el empleo.This research aims to determine the technological frontier and technical sectorial
efficiency in Mexico. The methodology is based on Data Envelopment Analysis. The
results show, first, that the sectors related to agriculture, mining, manufacturing,
financial services, professional and corporative, are fully efficient under variable
returns to scale while under constant returns excluding the sector 11. The average
efficiency is 0.71 under variable returns and 0.64 under constant returns to scale,
so there is the possibility of improving the output by about 30% doing better use of
capital and employment
The effect of infrastructures on total factor productivity and its determinants: a study on Mexico
The objective of this research is to identify the effect which infrastructures have on Total Factor Productivity, TFP, and on its components: technical change and efficiency change, of the Mexican states. The methodologies employed are Data Envelopment Analysis to obtain TFP and their components, and panel data econometrics, particularly through the estimation of a model of fixed effects, to determine the effect of the infrastructures. The results show in the first place that technical efficiency is of greater importance to the composition of TFP. Likewise, the existence of a favorable effect of the infrastructures on TFP and its factors is verified.total factor productivity, infrastructures, regional analysis and productivity and growth
Genetic risk score of NOS gene variants associated with myocardial infarction correlates with coronary incidence across Europe
Coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality and morbidity is present in the European continent in a four-fold gradient across populations, from the South (Spain and France) with the lowest CAD mortality, towards the North (Finland and UK). This observed gradient has not been fully explained by classical or single genetic risk factors, resulting in some cases in the so called Southern European or Mediterranean paradox. Here we approached population genetic risk estimates using genetic risk scores (GRS) constructed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from nitric oxide synthases (NOS) genes. These SNPs appeared to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in 2165 cases and 2153 controls. The GRSs were computed in 34 general European populations. Although the contribution of these GRS was lower than 1% between cases and controls, the mean GRS per population was positively correlated with coronary incidence explaining 65-85% of the variation among populations (67% in women and 86% in men). This large contribution to CAD incidence variation among populations might be a result of colinearity with several other common genetic and environmental factors. These results are not consistent with the cardiovascular Mediterranean paradox for genetics and support a CAD genetic architecture mainly based on combinations of common genetic polymorphisms. Population genetic risk scores is a promising approach in public health interventions to develop lifestyle programs and prevent intermediate risk factors in certain subpopulations with specific genetic predisposition
La cueva de el Sidron (Borines, Piloña, Asturias) : primeros resultados
Se exponen los resultados preliminares de las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a
cabo en la Cueva de El Sidrón entre 2000 y 2002, de acuerdo con los tres objetivos
principales que conciernen al registro fósil humano: las características antropológicas,
cómo y cuándo llegaron allí y la relación entre fósiles y cultura. Las primeras conclusiones
obtenidas son que los restos humanos pertenecen al Neandertal, que el registro
arqueológico corresponde a un tecno-complejo del Paleolítico Medio y que están en
posición secundaria.We expose the preliminary results ofthe archaeological excavations developed between
2000-2002 in Sidrón's Cave, according to the three main objectives that concern the
human fossil record: the anthropological characteristics, how and when they arrived
there and the relation between fossils and culture. We conclude preliminarily that the
record belongs to Horno Neanderthalensis, archeological remains to the Middle Paleolithic
techno-complex, and they are in a secondary [email protected]
Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of primary health care professionals towards alcohol use: A national, cross-sectional study
Introduction Primary care (PC) professionals' knowledge about alcohol use has been identified as one of the barriers PC providers face in their clinic. Both PC professionals' level of training and attitude are crucial in the clinical practice regarding alcohol use. Objective To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices of Spanish PC physicians and nurses towards alcohol use. Design An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-center study. Methodology Location: PC centers of the Spanish National Health System (NHS). Participants: PC physicians and nurses selected randomly from health care centers, and by sending an e-mail to semFYC and SEMERGEN members. Healthcare providers completed an online survey on knowledge, attitude, and follow-up recommendations for reducing alcohol intake. A descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis was conducted (p<0.05). Results Participants: 1, 760 healthcare providers completed the survey (75.6% [95% CI 73.5-77.6] family physicians; 11.4% [95% CI 9.9-12.9] medical residents; and 12.5% [95% CI 10.9-14.1] nurses), with a mean age of 44.7 (SD 11.24, range: 26-64, 95% CI: 47.2-48.2). Knowledge was higher in family physicians (p<0.001), older professionals (Spearman's r = 0.11, p<0.001), and resident trainers (p<0.001). The PC professional most likely to provide advice for reducing alcohol use was: a nurse (p<0.001), female (p = 0.010), between 46 and 55 years old (p <0.001). Conclusions PC providers' knowledge and preventive practices regarding alcohol use are scarce, hence specific training strategies to increase their knowledge and improve their attitude and skills with regard to this health problem should be considered a healthcare policy priority
Dating of the hominid (homo neanderthalensis) remains accumulation from el sidrón cave (piloña, asturias, north spain): An example of a multi-methodological approach to the dating of upper pleistocene sites
The age of Neanderthal remains and associated sediments from El Sidrón cave has been obtained through different dating methods (14CAMS, U/TH, OSL, ESR and AAR) and samples (charcoal debris, bone, tooth dentine, stalagmitic flowstone, carbonate-rich sedi
Dating of the hominid (Homo neanderthalensis) remains accumulation from El Sidrón Cave (Piloña, Asturias, North Spain): an example of a multi-methodological approach to the dating of Upper Pleistocene sites.
The age of Neanderthal remains and associated sediments from El Sidrón cave has been obtained through different dating methods (14CAMS, U/TH, OSL, ESR and AAR) and samples (charcoal debris, bone, tooth dentine, stalagmitic flowstone, carbonate-rich sediments, sedi- mentary quartz grains, tooth enamel and land snail shells). Detrital Th contamination ren- dered Th/U dating analyses of flowstone unreliable. Recent 14C contamination produced spurious age-values from charcoal samples as well as from inadequately pretreated tooth samples. Most consistent 14C dates are grouped into two series: one between 35 and 40 ka and the other between 48 and 49 ka. Most ESR and AAR samples yielded concordant ages, ranging between 39 and 45 ka; OSL dating results permitted adequate bracketing of the sedimentary layer that contained the human remains. Our results emphasize the value of multi-dating approaches for the establishment of reliable chronologies of human remains
The Effect of Patients’ Met Expectations on Consultation Outcomes. A Study with Family Medicine Residents
OBJECTIVES: To know the patients’ expectations and the fulfillment of these at family medicine consultations by resident doctors and to assess their effect on some consultation outcomes. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients attending family medicine consultations held by 38 resident doctors: 1,301 eligible patients, 702 filled in all questionnaires. MEASUREMENTS: Before each visit, the patients’ expectations about that particular consultation were registered. Right after the visit was over, their perception of several aspects of the communicative interaction with the doctor was measured. Later, patients were interviewed on the phone to know how their expectations had been fulfilled, how satisfied they were about the consultation, how they had followed the doctor’s suggestions, if they were going to seek further care for the same cause later, and the evolution of their clinical problem. Logistic regression was the main analysis used. RESULTS: The most common expectations were the doctor showing interest and listening (30.5%), getting some information about the diagnosis (16.3%), and sharing problems and doubts (11.1%). The rate of main expectations that were met was 76.5%. Satisfaction with the encounter was associated with the clinical evolution [odds ratio (OR) 2.23; confidence interval (CI): 1.32–3.75], and the fulfilling of the patients’ main or two main expectations was significantly related to all the measured outcomes (satisfaction OR 3.51, CI: 1.73–7.8; adherence OR 1.80, CI: 1.11–2.92; clinical evolution OR 1.54, CI: 1.01–2.35; and seeking further care later OR 0.54, CI:0.36–0.81) CONCLUSIONS: Patients prioritize expectations of a more general sort when they attend primary care consultations and residents fulfill these acceptably. The fulfillment of expectations seems to affect the studied outcomes more than other factors
Thin disc, Thick Disc and Halo in a Simulated Galaxy
Within a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, we form a disc galaxy with
sub- components which can be assigned to a thin stellar disc, thick disk, and a
low mass stellar halo via a chemical decomposition. The thin and thick disc
populations so selected are distinct in their ages, kinematics, and
metallicities. Thin disc stars are young (<6.6 Gyr), possess low velocity
dispersion ({\sigma}U,V,W = 41, 31, 25 km/s), high [Fe/H], and low [O/Fe]. The
thick disc stars are old (6.6<age<9.8 Gyrs), lag the thin disc by \sim21 km/s,
possess higher velocity dispersion ({\sigma}U,V,W = 49, 44, 35 km/s),
relatively low [Fe/H] and high [O/Fe]. The halo component comprises less than
4% of stars in the "solar annulus" of the simulation, has low metallicity, a
velocity ellipsoid defined by ({\sigma}U,V,W = 62, 46, 45 km/s) and is formed
primarily in-situ during an early merger epoch. Gas-rich mergers during this
epoch play a major role in fuelling the formation of the old disc stars (the
thick disc). This is consistent with studies which show that cold accretion is
the main source of a disc galaxy's baryons. Our simulation initially forms a
relatively short (scalelength \sim1.7 kpc at z=1) and kinematically hot disc,
primarily from gas accreted during the galaxy's merger epoch. Far from being a
competing formation scenario, migration is crucial for reconciling the short,
hot, discs which form at high redshift in {\Lambda}CDM, with the properties of
the thick disc at z=0. The thick disc, as defined by its abundances maintains
its relatively short scale-length at z = 0 (2.31 kpc) compared with the total
disc scale-length of 2.73 kpc. The inside-out nature of disc growth is
imprinted the evolution of abundances such that the metal poor {\alpha}-young
population has a larger scale-length (4.07 kpc) than the more chemically
evolved metal rich {\alpha}-young population (2.74 kpc).Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. This version after helpful referee comments.
Comments welcome to [email protected]
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