Padrão geográfico de diversidade genética em populações naturais de Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora), na Amazônia Central

Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae) is an Amazonian evergreen tree and a source of the purest linalool, the main component of its essential oil, which is very valuable in the international perfumery market. After decades of over-exploitation it is currently considered as threatened. We evaluated the genetic diversity and its distribution in four populations in Central Amazonia. Thirty-five reliable RAPD markers were generated, of which 32 were polymorphic (91.4%). Variation was higher within the populations (76.5%; p < 0.0001) and geographic distribution contributed to population differentiation (23.4%; p < 0.0001). The Amazon River had a small influence on gene flow (3.3%; p < 0.0001), but we identified evidence of gene flow across the river. There were significant differences in marker frequencies (p < 0.05), in agreement with the low gene flow (Nm = 2.02). The correlation between genetic distance and gene flow was - 0.95 (p = 0.06) and between geographic distance and gene flow was -0.78 (p = 0.12). There was a geographic cline of variability across an East-West axis, influenced as well by the Amazon River, suggesting the river could be a barrier to gene flow. Although threatened, these Rosewood populations retain high diversity, with the highest levels in the Manaus population, which has been protected for over 42 years in a Reserve.O Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae) é uma árvore amazônica fonte do mais puro linalol, o qual é o principal componente do seu óleo essencial e muito valioso no mercado internacional de perfumaria. Após várias décadas de intensa exploração, a espécie foi levada à categoria de ameaçada de extinção. Quatro populações naturais distribuídas na bacia Amazônia Central foram avaliadas quanto ao nível e a distribuição da diversidade genética. Trinta e cinco marcadores RAPD reprodutíveis foram gerados, dos quais 32 foram polimórficos (91,4%). A diversidade foi maior dentro das populações (76,5%; p < 0,0001) e a distribuição geográfica contribuiu para a diferenciação entre as populações (23,4%; p < 0,0001). A AMOVA indicou que pode haver uma influência parcial do Rio Amazonas no fluxo gênico (3,3%; p < 0,0001), mas foram identificadas evidências de fluxo gênico atravessando o rio. Houve diferenças significativas nas freqüências dos marcadores (p < 0,05) e o fluxo gênico estimado foi relativamente baixo (Nm = 2,02). A correlação entre a distância genética e o fluxo gênico foi de - 0,95 (p = 0,06) e para a distância geográfica e o fluxo gênico foi de - 0,78 (p = 0,12). Houve um padrão geográfico de variabilidade ao longo do eixo Leste - Oeste, influenciado também pelo Rio Amazonas, o que sugere que o rio poderia funcionar como uma barreira para o fluxo gênico. Apesar de ameaçadas, estas populações de Pau-rosa possuem alta diversidade, com o maior valor na população de Manaus, que vem sendo protegida por 42 anos em uma reserva

Lectotypification Of Names Of Brazilian Species Of Cryptocarya (lauraceae)

In a forthcoming systematic treatment of Brazilian species of Cryptocarya, almost all known herbarium collections were examined, and as a result, eight validly published species names are recognized. Types are cited for accepted names and synonyms. Several lectotypes and an epitype are newly designated. One new combination is proposed.543789795Bentham, G., Laurineae (1880) Genera Plantarum, 3 (1), pp. 146-168. , Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (eds.), L. Reeve & Co., LondonBrown, R., (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, 1. , LondiniBurdet, H.M., Cartulae ad botanicorum graphicem. 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(Paris), 8, pp. 67-128Kostermans, A.J.G.H., A historical survey of Lauraceae (1952) J. Sci. Res. Indonesia, 1, pp. 83-95Kostermans, A.J.G.H., Lauraceae (1957) Pengum. Balai Besar Penjel. Kehut. (Jakarta), 57, pp. 1-64Lima, H.C., Leguminosas da Flora Fluminensis - J.M. da C. Vellozo - Lista atualizada das espécies arbóreas (1995) Acta Bot. Brasil., 9, pp. 123-146Meissner, C.F., Lauraceae (1864) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, 15 (1), pp. 1-260. , De Candolle, A. P. (ed.), V. Masson et Filii, ParisiisMeissner, C.F., Lauraceae (1866) Flora Brasiliensis, 5 (2), pp. 138-335. , Martius, C. F. P. (ed.), Frid. Fleischer in Comm., LipsiaeMez, C.C., Lauraceae Americanae monographice descripsit (1889) Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 5, pp. 1-556Mez, C.C., Spicilegium laureanum (1892) Arbeiten Königl. Bot. Gart. Breslau, 1, pp. 71-166Mez, C.C., Lauraceae (1893) Bot. Jahrb. 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(eds.), Springer, BerlinRohwer, J.G., Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Lauraceae: Evidence from matK sequences (2000) Syst. Bot., 25, pp. 60-71Stellfeld, C., (1952) Os Dois Vellozo, , Gráfica Editora Sousa, Rio de JaneiroVan Der Merwe, J.J.M., Van Wyk, A.E., Kok, P.D.F., Pollen types in the Lauraceae (1990) Grana, 29, pp. 185-196Van Der Werff, H., A key to the genera of Lauraceae in the New World (1991) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 78, pp. 377-387Van Der Werff, H., Proposal to conserve 2813 Cryptocarya against Ravensara (Lauraceae) (1992) Taxon, 41, pp. 129-130Van Der Werff, H., Richter, H.G., Toward an improved classification of Lauraceae (1996) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 83, pp. 409-418Vattimo-Gil, I., Notas sôbre o gênero Cryptocarya R. Br. no Brasil (Lauraceae) (1966) Rodriguésia, 25 (37), pp. 219-231Vellozo, J.M.D.C., (1790) Flora Fluminensis, p. 11691. , Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional. CatIcones, pp. 1-17. , Cat. 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Development of microsatellite loci for Cryptocarya mandioccana Meisner (Lauraceae) and their genotyping success in different tissues

<div><p>ABSTRACT Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for Cryptocarya mandioccana Meisner, a tree from the Atlantic Rainforest with seeds dispersed by large animals. The loci were characterized using 48 individuals from two populations and their genotyping success tested in four tissues: leaves from adults and seedlings, and two diaspore maternal tissues. Maternity analyses were also performed on diaspores and leaves from nine adult trees. The number of alleles per locus ranged from nine to 15 and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.214 to 0.864 and 0.745 to 0.892, respectively. The loci genotyping success did not significantly differ between tissues and varied from 56 to 96%. The microsatellites showed enough polymorphism to assign the nine adult trees to their diaspores. The successful genotyping in all tissues and identification of mother trees show that the microsatellites are suitable for studies such as spatial genetic structure and maternity analyses.</p></div