Volume and effectiveness assessment of articain 4% versus mepivacaine 2% used in third molar surgery : randomized, double-blind, split-mouth controlled clinical trial

The different indications for extraction of the lower third molars, require resources to manage pain and discomfort, such as, for example, adequate anesthetic techniques, and the type of anesthetic used can influence the management of pain in tooth extractions. Few studies in the literature compare the anesthetics 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride showing evidence that both allow for successful pain management. This study sought to compare the volume, efficacy and safety of these two anesthetic drugs, both associated with epinephrine at a ratio of 1:100,000, used in the extraction of lower third molars. A controlled, clinical, split-mouth compared these both local anesthetics in a sample of 20 patients requiring bilateral extraction of teeth. Pain was the main parameter to be assessed by means of the visual analogue scale (VAS) applied during and immediately after the surgery. Hemodynamic parameters, adverse events, presence of paresthesia and satisfaction of patients and surgeon were also analysed. Pain management was more effective with mepivacaine up to two hours after surgery (p=0.014), whereas the surgeon was more satisfied with the use of articaine during divulsion and suture (p<0.05). However no statistically significant differences were found between both anesthetics regarding pain perception. It was observed that both anesthetics are efficient and safe in the management of pain for extraction of third molars, in which less amount of mepivacaine is needed. The satisfaction of patients and surgeon was the same for both anesthetics, with articaine being highlighted during divulsion and suture

Translation and cultural adaptation for Brazil of the Developing Nurses\u27 Thinking model1

Objectives to translate and culturally adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Developing Nurses\u27 Thinking model, used as a strategy for teaching clinical reasoning. Method the translation and cultural adaptation were undertaken through initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of specialists and a pre-test with 33 undergraduate nursing students. Results the stages of initial translation, synthesis of the translations and back-translation were undertaken satisfactorily, small adjustments being needed. In the evaluation of the translated version by the committee of specialists, all the items obtained agreement over 80% in the first round of evaluation and in the pre-test with the students, so the model was shown to be fit for purpose. Conclusion the use of the model as a complementary strategy in the teaching of diagnostic reasoning is recommended, with a view to the training of nurses who are more aware regarding the diagnostic task and the importance of patient safety

Tradução e adaptação cultural para o Brasil do modelo Developing Nurses' Thinking

OBJETIVOS: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil o modelo Developing Nurses' Thinking, utilizado como estratégia ao ensino do raciocínio clínico. MÉTODO: a tradução e adaptação cultural foi realizada por meio de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste com 33 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. RESULTADOS: as etapas de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções e retrotradução foram realizadas a contento, havendo a necessidade de pequenos ajustes. Na avaliação pelo comitê de especialistas da versão traduzida, todos os itens obtiveram concordância superior a 80% na primeira rodada de avaliação e no pré-teste com os estudantes. O modelo mostrou-se adequado à sua finalidade. CONCLUSÃO: recomenda-se o uso do modelo como uma estratégia complementar ao ensino do raciocínio diagnóstico, visando a formação de enfermeiros mais conscientes sobre a tarefa diagnóstica e a importância da segurança do paciente.OBJETIVOS: traducir y adaptar culturalmente para el idioma portugués de Brasil el modelo Developing Nurses' Thinking, utilizado como estrategia la enseñanza del raciocinio clínico. MÉTODO: la traducción y adaptación cultural fue realizada por medio de traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, retrotraducción, evaluación por comité de especialistas y preprueba con 33 estudiantes de graduación en enfermería. RESULTADOS: las etapas de traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones y retrotraducción fueron realizadas satisfactoriamente, habiendo la necesidad de realizar pequeños ajustes. En la evaluación por el comité de especialistas de la versión traducida, todos los ítems obtuvieron concordancia superior a 80% en la primera rodada de evaluación y en el preprueba con los estudiantes, el modelo se mostró adecuado para su finalidad. CONCLUSIÓN: se recomienda el uso del modelo como una estrategia complementaria a la enseñanza del raciocinio diagnóstico, objetivando la formación de enfermeros más conscientes sobre la tarea diagnóstica y la importancia de la seguridad del paciente.OBJECTIVES: to translate and culturally adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Developing Nurses' Thinking model, used as a strategy for teaching clinical reasoning. METHOD: the translation and cultural adaptation were undertaken through initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of specialists and a pre-test with 33 undergraduate nursing students. RESULTS: the stages of initial translation, synthesis of the translations and back-translation were undertaken satisfactorily, small adjustments being needed. In the evaluation of the translated version by the committee of specialists, all the items obtained agreement over 80% in the first round of evaluation and in the pre-test with the students, so the model was shown to be fit for purpose. CONCLUSION: the use of the model as a complementary strategy in the teaching of diagnostic reasoning is recommended, with a view to the training of nurses who are more aware regarding the diagnostic task and the importance of patient safety

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE DEGREE OF CONSERVATISM: AN EMPIRICAL-STUDY IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLICLY TRADED COMPANIES LISTED IN BOVESPA

Neste trabalho, procurou-se identificar se o grau de conservadorismo utilizado pelas empresas que fazem parte dos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa é diverso/diferente do conservadorismo utilizado pelas demais empresas. Como modelo, aplicou-se o de Basu (1997), que visa identificar a existência de assimetria de reconhecimento entre as notícias boas e as notícias ruins, utilizando, para tanto, o retorno econômico das ações. O conservadorismo é uma ferramenta utilizada pela contabilidade com o objetivo de fazer com que as informações contábeis sejam mais confiáveis, tornando a informação menos otimista. Os dados coletados correspondem ao período de 2000 a 2004 e os resultados demonstram que o grau de conservadorismo utilizado pelas empresas que possuem níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa (companhias listadas no Nível 1, no Nível 2 ou no Novo Mercado) é maior do que grau utilizado pelas demais companhias listadas na Bovespa, que não possuem títulos elencados em tais níveis. Como contribuição desta pesquisa, foi possível observar que a contabilidade, utilizando mecanismos como o conservadorismo, pode influenciar os resultados contábeis e, portanto, os resultados encontrados confirmam a existência da assimetria de reconhecimento das notícias boas e notícias ruins no mercado brasileiro.This study had the objective to identify if the degree of conservatism used by companies that are part of the differentiated levels of corporate governance is different from the conservatism used by other companies. The model used was that of the Basu (1997) which allows identifying the existence of recognition asymmetry between good and bad news, using the stock market economic return for its purpose. The conservatism is a tool used by accounting with the purpose of making accounting information more reliable and less optimistic. The data obtained was taken between 2000 and 2004 and the results show that the degree of conservatism, used by the companies that have differential levels of corporate governance, (companies listed by Nível 1, Nível 2 or by the Novo Mercado) is higher than that used by other companies listed by Bovespa, which do not have shares listed by such levels. This research made it possible to observe that accounting, using mechanisms as the conservatism, can influence the accounting results and because of that, the results found reaffirm the existence of recognition asymmetry for good and bad news, in the Brazilian market

Sign language: how the nursing staff interacts to take care of deaf patients?

Objective: To identify how the professional nursing staff of a university hospital interacts to care for their deaf patients. Method: A descriptive, exploratory, and quanti-qualitative study performed in the second semester of 2012. Results: Twenty-one nurses (57%) reported never having provided care for deaf patients. Sixteen nurses (43%) have provided care for deaf patients and reported the following means of communication: 12 (46,15%) referred using mime; 4 (15,38%) mentioned using lip reading; 8 (30,77%) used writing; 1 (3,85%) used drawing and; 1 (3,85%) used an interpreter. Conclusion: It is necessary to take effective measures for nursing professionals to communicate appropriately with deaf patients starting with the offering of specific disciplines in all courses and education programs

Uncovered stent does not provoke reactions in renal arteries and renal parenchyma in swines

OBJECTIVE: To assess the histological changes of the aorta, the renal arteries and the renal parenchyma in swine, induced by a metalic uncovered stent implanted in transrenal position in the abdominal aorta. METHODS: Ten pigs with a mean weight of 86.6 kg and mean age of 6 months underwent implantation of metal stent graft placed in the aorta at the level of the renal arteries after 100 days of implantation. The self-expanding stents were released by laparotomy. Anatomic and histological analyses of the abdominal aorta, the renal arteries and the renal parenchyma were performed. Histological slices were performed in the following sites: 1) transitional zone between the aorta with and without stent graft; 2) portion of the renal arteries ostia; 3) renal parenchyma. The slices were stained through the hematoxylin and eosin stain technique and analyzed according the protocol of histological analyses applied in the clinical practice of pathology labs. RESULTS: The macroscopic findings showed thickening of the aortic wall; patent renal arteries; and normal anatomic renal structures. Microscopic analyses, close to the stents, showed thickening of the vascular wall, renal arteries without changes, and preserved renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The uncovered stainless steel stent caused a significant inflammatory reaction with thickening of the aortic wall. However, the renal arteries remained patent and the renal parenchyma did not present embolic or ischemic changes.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histológicas da aorta, artéria renal e parênquima renal, em suínos, induzidos pelo stent metálico descoberto implantado em localização transrenal na aorta abdominal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 suínos com peso médio de 86,6 quilos e idade média de 6 meses, submetidos a implante de stent metálico posicionado na aorta, no nível das artérias renais, após 100 dias do implante. Os stents foram liberados por auto-expansão com laparotomia. Foram realizadas análises anatômicas e histológicas da aorta abdominal, artérias renais e parênquima renal. Os cortes histológicos foram realizados nos seguintes locais: 1) transição entre a aorta normal e aorta contendo stent; 2) porção contendo os óstios das artérias renais, 3) parênquima renal. As lâminas foram coradas pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina e analisadas conforme protocolo de análise histológica aplicada na prática clínica dos laboratórios de patologia. RESULTADOS: Os achados macroscópicos revelaram espessamento da parede aórtica; artérias renais pérvias; estrutura anatômica renal normal. Análises microscópicas, próximas aos stents, evidenciaram espessamento da parede vascular, artérias renais sem alterações e parênquima renal preservado. CONCLUSÃO: O stent de aço inoxidável descoberto produziu importante reação inflamatória com espessamento da parede da aorta. No entanto, as artérias renais permaneceram pérvias e o parênquima renal sem alterações isquêmicas ou embólicas.INCOR Hospital Maternidade Marieta Konder BonhausemUNIFESPUNIFESP - Escola Paulista de Medicina São PauloUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Hospital VeterinárioLaboratório RochaHospital São JoséSanta CasaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Efeitos da suplementação com vitamina E na cicatrização de feridas induzidas em Oreochromis niloticus

In the present study, the effect of vitamin E supplementation 450 mg/kg diet was appraised in the process of induced wound healing in Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were distributed into 18 tanks (10 fish each). Nine tanks were fed the non-supplemented diet and the other 9 tanks were fed 450 mg vitamin E for 60 days. Subsequently, the fish were anesthetized and the epidermis and dermis were surgically removed. The rate of cicatricial retraction and appearance of the wounds, and the histomorphometry of mucous cells, chromatophores, revascularization, inflammatory cells, presence of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and scales were checked after 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28 days post-wounding. The retraction rate of the wound was significantly higher in the supplemented fish. The higher concentrations of inflammatory cells, mucous cells, and chromatophores, as well as the production and organization of collagen fibers, resulted in a higher retraction rate. We concluded that a dietary supplementation diet improves specific aspects of the cutaneous healing process in Nile tilapia fish.No presente estudo, o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E de 450 mg / kg de dieta foi avaliado no processo de cicatrização induzida de feridas em tilápias do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. Os peixes foram distribuídos em 18 tanques (N=10), sendo 9 tanques com dieta não suplementada e os outros 9 tanques suplementados com 450 mg de vitamina E por 60 dias. Posteriormente, os peixes foram anestesiados e a epiderme e derme foram removidas cirurgicamente. Nos tempos pré- determinado de 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a ferida foi analisado a taxa de retração cicatricial, a aparência das feridas e a histomorfometria das células mucosas, dos cromatóforos, das células inflamatórias, a revascularização, a presença de fibroblastos, de fibras de colágeno e escamas. A taxa de retração da ferida foi significativamente maior nos peixes suplementados. As maiores concentrações de células inflamatórias, mucosas e cromatóforos, bem como a produção e organização das fibras de colágeno, resultaram em uma maior taxa de retração. Concluímos que a dieta de suplementação melhora aspectos específicos do processo de cicatrização cutânea em peixes de tilápia do Nilo

O SIGNIFICADO DO TRABALHO PARA OS DOCENTES DE UMA IFES: UM CONTRIBUTO À ÁREA DE GESTÃO DE PESSOAS

Conhecer os significados do trabalho para os diferentes grupos funcionais, constitui-se, ainda na atualidade, em verdadeiro desafio aos gestores, principalmente em momentos que ocorrem mudanças no contexto do trabalho. Esta é a situação vivenciada pelos docentes de instituições públicas federais, mediante as políticas que vem sendo implementadas no sentido de promoção do acesso ao ensino superior. Diante deste cenário, este estudo inicial busca analisar o significado que os docentes de uma IFES atribuem aos seus trabalhos, já que tais modificações apresentam potencial de impactar significativamente em suas atividades. Tratase de uma pesquisa exploratória, de cunho qualitativo, caracterizada como um estudo de caso. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas a docentes que atuam junto à instituição pesquisada. Pode-se verificar que o trabalho apresenta forte relação com a identidade dos mesmos, sendo fonte geradora de orgulho e status. Percebeu-se, também, a forte associação atribuída entre trabalho e vida. Espera-se, assim, subsidiar o desenvolvimento de novas políticas voltadas à gestão de pessoas, já que o sentido atribuído ao trabalho é capaz de afetar as crenças sobre o que é legítimo e o que se pode tolerar do trabalho (MOW, 1987)

Is semantic verbal fluency impairment explained by executive function deficits in schizophrenia?

Objective: To investigate if verbal fluency impairment in schizophrenia reflects executive function deficits or results from degraded semantic store or inefficient search and retrieval strategies. Method: Two groups were compared: 141 individuals with schizophrenia and 119 healthy age and education-matched controls. Both groups performed semantic and phonetic verbal fluency tasks. Performance was evaluated using three scores, based on 1) number of words generated2) number of clustered/ related wordsand 3) switching score. A fourth performance score based on the number of clusters was also measured. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia produced fewer words than controls. After controlling for the total number of words produced, a difference was observed between the groups in the number of cluster-related words generated in the semantic task. In both groups, the number of words generated in the semantic task was higher than that generated in the phonemic task, although a significant group vs. fluency type interaction showed that subjects with schizophrenia had disproportionate semantic fluency impairment. Working memory was positively associated with increased production of words within clusters and inversely correlated with switching. Conclusion: Semantic fluency impairment may be attributed to an inability (resulting from reduced cognitive control) to distinguish target signal from competing noise and to maintain cues for production of memory probes.Fundacao de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Programa Esquizofrenia PROESQ, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, LINC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCtr Univ FIEO UNIFIEO, Dept Psicol Educ, Ave Franz Voegeli 300,Bloco Prata,Sala 10, BR-06020190 Osasco, SP, BrazilBrown Univ, Dept Cognit & Linguist Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USAUniv Mackenzie, Programa Posgrad Disturbios Desenvolvimento, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Programa Esquizofrenia PROESQ, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, LINC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/50740-5FAPESP: 2007/58630-9Web of Scienc