Acontecimento da poesia: uma breve introdução à poética de Fernando Paixão

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Dossiê: Acervos de escritores e suas correspondências

Os acervos de escritores são labirintos complexos que apresentam diversos desafios aos pesquisadores. Há a ilusão de que os documentos desses acervos são organizados de modo hierárquico, mas quando ampliamos a escala de observação notamos que existe sempre um rizoma complexo interligando os documentos. Seus pontos de conexão são infinitos e extrapolam os limites do acervo, avançando para outros espaços. No dossiê Acervos de escritores e suas correspondências, a revista Légua & Meia acolheu artigos que apresentam, problematizem ou analisem acervos de escritores, levando em consideração as múltiplas relações entre seus documentos, o diálogo entre diferentes acervos ou as relações dos acervos com outras fontes documentais.

Hematologia, perfil bioquímico e hormônios da tireoide em quatro espécies de arraias de água doce do gênero Potamotrygon

Potamotrygonidae is a family of freshwater stingray endemic in South America. We determined the hematological and serum biochemistry parameters of Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon falkneri from Parana Basin and Potamotrygon orbignyi and Potamotrygon scobina from the Amazon Basin. Blood was collected from 55 specimens of Potamotrygon sp., and these parameters were evaluated: red blood cell count, hematocrit percent, hemoglobin concentration, leucocytes count, trombocytes count, total protein concentration, albumin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein HDL, calcium, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus relationship, creatine kinase CK, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase GGT, Aspartate transaminase AST, alanine transaminase ALT, globulin, albumin/globulin relationship, alkaline phosphatase AP, sodium, chloride, potassium, triiodothyronine T3, and thyroxine T4 hormones. The hematological indices were similar for all species, except for levels of heterophils in P. orbignyi and P. scobina that were higher. Calcium, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus relationship, sodium, potassium, chloride, AST, ALT, GGT, CK, albumin/globulin relationship, uric acid, creatinine, urea, triglycerides, HDL, T3, T4 levels had no significant difference between the species. These results suggest that there is low influence of habitat and feeding habits. AP, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and total cholesterol had significant differences between the studied species. These results support the theory that stingrays migrated from the Atlantic Ocean, adapting to different conditions over time and placed themselves geographically distant from each other.Potamotrygonidae e um grupo de raias endêmicas da América do Sul distribuídas nas principais bacias hidrográficas brasileiras, mas informações sobre suas variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas são escassas. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar estas variáveis em Potamotrygon motoro e P. falkneri na Bacia do Rio Paraná, Estado do Paraná e de P. orbignyi e P. scobina do Rio Piririm, na Bacia Amazônica, Estado do Amapá. Foi capturado um total de 53 espécimes de Potamotrygon spp. para colheita de sangue e avaliações do hemograma e variáveis bioquímicas séricas. Os valores do hemograma foram próximos para as quatro espécies e os resultados com diferenças significativas entre Potamotrygon falkneri, P. motoro, P. orbigni e P. scobina ocorreram quanto ao número de eritrócitos e heterófilos. Apesar da diversidade geográfica os resultados apresentaram pouca interferência dos diferentes habitats nas variáveis avaliadas. Os níveis de proteínas, globulinas, relação albumina:globulina, acido úrico, creatinina, ureia, HDL-C, relação cálcio:fósforo, sódio, cloreto, AST, ALT, creatinoquinase (CK), fosfatase alcalina, hormônios triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) não diferiram entre as espécies de Potamotrygon. Porem, os níveis de albumina, glicose, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e gama glutamil transferase (GGT) apresentaram diferenças. Este fato sugere pouca interferência do habitat nas variáveis avaliadas apesar da diversidade geográfica de origem das raias de vida livre

Insulin Therapy does not Interfere with Venous Endothelial Function Evaluation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Endothelium-dependent dilation is improved in insulin-treated diabetic patients, but this effect is probably due to improved glycemic control. The objective of the present study was to compare endotheliumdependent dilation in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes who are or are not using insulin as part of their therapy. METHODS: We studied 27 patients with type 2 diabetes (11 women, 60.3 years ¡ 6 years, with HbA1c , 7% and no nephropathy), including 16 patients treated with anti-diabetic agents (No-Ins, 8 women) and 11 patients treated with insulin alone or in combination with anti-diabetic agents (Ins, 3 women). Endothelial function was evaluated by the dorsal hand vein technique, which measures changes in vein diameter in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent vasodilation). RESULTS: Age, systolic blood pressure (No-Ins: 129.4 mmHg ¡ 11.8 mmHg, Ins: 134.8 mmHg ¡ 12.0 mmHg; P = 0.257), HbA1c, lipids and urinary albumin excretion rate [No-Ins: 9 mg/24 h (0-14.1 mg/24 h) vs. Ins: 10.6 mg/24 h (7.5- 14.4 mg/24 h), P = 0.398] were similar between groups. There was no difference between endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the No-Ins group (59.3% ¡ 26.5%) vs. the Ins group (54.0% ¡ 16.3%; P = 0.526). Endotheliumindependent vasodilation was also similar between the No-Ins (113.7% ¡ 35.3%) and Ins groups (111.9% ¡ 28.5%; P = 0.888). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous insulin therapy does not interfere with venous endothelial function in type 2 diabetes when glycemic and blood pressure control are stable

Comparison of primary human gingival fibroblasts from an older and a young donor on the evaluation of cytotoxicity of denture adhesives

Denture adhesives (DA) improve the retention and stability of ill-fitting dentures, especially for older adults. These materials should be biocompatible, i.e., they cannot cause undesired biological responses and be non-cytotoxic to oral tissues. However, in vitro testing of DA biocompatibility employing primary cell culture may possibly be affected by other factors, such as the donor age. Objective To compare the cytotoxicity of three different denture adhesives when assessed in primary gingival fibroblasts from a young donor or from an older donor, as well as the release of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the inflammatory response marker interleukin-6 (IL-6). Material and Methods Gingival fibroblasts isolated from a 30- and a 62-year-old donor were assayed for proliferation (1-7 days) and sensitivity to latex (positive control). Fibroblasts were indirectly exposed to Corega Ultra (cream), Corega powder and Fixodent Original for a 24 h period and assayed by XTT and Crystal Violet tests. The release of IL-6 and bFGF by exposed cells was determined by ELISA. Results While cells from the young donor presented higher cell growth after 7 days, the sensitivity to increasing concentrations of latex extracts was very similar between young and older cells. Both XTT and CVDE detected no difference between the DA and the control group. All materials induced higher levels of IL-6 and bFGF compared to control. Cells from the older donor exposed to Corega Ultra released lower levels of cytokine and growth factor. Conclusions All materials were considered non-cytotoxic, but affected cytokine and growth factor release. The biological differences found between fibroblasts from both donors could be due to individual or age-related factors. The authors suggest the use of cells from older donors on studies of dental products aimed at older patients, to better simulate their physiological response

SOURCES OF GROWTH IN YUCCA MICROREGION OF GUAMÁ, PARÁ STATE, IN THE PERIOD 1990-2011

RESUMO: O trabalho avalia a evolução e identifica as fontes de crescimento da produção de mandioca na microrregião do Guamá no período 1990-2011. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos a partir do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foi empregado o método shift-share que permite decompor a taxa de crescimento da produção nos efeitos área e rendimento. No período de 1990 a 2009 a produção da mandioca da microrregião do Guamá, evoluiu a uma taxa de 3,7 % ao ano. Destaca-se que o principal fator responsável por este crescimento foi o efeito-área, pois a área colhida cresceu a uma taxa de 1,38% ao ano. A taxa de crescimento da produtividade (efeito-rendimento) cresceu a uma taxa de 2,3%, sendo positiva, entretanto, se mostrou inferior ao crescimento da produção. Este resultado aponta para a necessidade de ampliar o nível tecnológico dos sistemas de produção de mandioca na microrregião do Guamá, visando incrementar a produtividade das lavouras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: economia, formação de preços, comercialização.ABSTRACT: The work evaluates the evolution and identifies the sources of growth of cassava production in the microregion of Guamá in the period 1990-2011. The data used were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Method was used shift-share decomposition that allows the growth rate of production in the area and yield effects. In the period 1990-2009 the production of cassava in the microregion of Guamá, evolved at a rate of 3.7% per year. It is noteworthy that the main factor responsible for this increase was the effect-area because the harvested area grew at a rate of 1.38% per annum. The rate of productivity growth (effect-income) grew at a rate of 2.3%, being positive, however, was inferior to output growth. This result points to the need to expand the technological level of cassava production systems in the micro Guamá, thus increasing crop productivity. KEY-WORDS: economics, pricing, marketing

Sleep pattern and learning in knockdown mice with reduced cholinergic neurotransmission

Impaired cholinergic neurotransmission can affect memory formation and influence sleep-wake cycles (SWC). In the present study, we describe the SWC in mice with a deficient vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) system, previously characterized as presenting reduced acetylcholine release and cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Continuous, chronic ECoG and EMG recordings were used to evaluate the SWC pattern during light and dark phases in VAChT knockdown heterozygous (VAChT-KDHET, n=7) and wild-type (WT, n=7) mice. SWC were evaluated for sleep efficiency, total amount and mean duration of slow-wave, intermediate and paradoxical sleep, as well as the number of awakenings from sleep. After recording SWC, contextual fear-conditioning tests were used as an acetylcholine-dependent learning paradigm. The results showed that sleep efficiency in VAChT-KDHET animals was similar to that of WT mice, but that the SWC was more fragmented. Fragmentation was characterized by an increase in the number of awakenings, mainly during intermediate sleep. VAChT-KDHET animals performed poorly in the contextual fear-conditioning paradigm (mean freezing time: 34.4±3.1 and 44.5±3.3 s for WT and VAChT-KDHET animals, respectively), which was followed by a 45% reduction in the number of paradoxical sleep episodes after the training session. Taken together, the results show that reduced cholinergic transmission led to sleep fragmentation and learning impairment. We discuss the results on the basis of cholinergic plasticity and its relevance to sleep homeostasis. We suggest that VAChT-KDHET mice could be a useful model to test cholinergic drugs used to treat sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de FisiologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsicobiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Instituto do CerebroUniversidade Federal do ABC Computacao e Cognicao Centro de MatematicaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica Nucleo de NeurocienciasUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Robarts Research InstituteUNIFESP, Depto. de FisiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Soil management in the Atlantic Forest’s rural properties:

The environmental benefits arising from the interaction between matter and energy flows of permacultural systems accelerate the recovery processes of degraded areas, which can be potentiated by the increase of plant biomass associated with the green manure technique, proposed in this work for the study territory: the surroundings of two Conservation Units (UC), of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) type, the RPPN Águas Claras I and II. The RPPN Águas Claras I and II are located in the Macabu River basin, a microbasin of the Carukango River. The objective of this study was to analyze areas submitted to reforestation and agroforestry system (SAF) projects, through estimates of local biomass obtained with the aid of secondary data from the UCs’ forest inventory. As a result, it was possible to list Ficus sp and Sparattosperma leucanthum as priority native species for forest restoration. It was concluded that it is necessary to consort the two species with the planting of species considered green manures, in order to increase forest biomass and stimulate the improvement of soil conditions in the degraded portion of the reserve. This strategy can accelerate the regeneration process, as indicated by secondary soil analysis data using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), performed in the area of implementation of the SAF