Aplicabilidade do Teste de Ativação de Monócitos (MAT) no Brasil: importância da sua utilização como teste para detecção de pirogênios no controle da qualidade de produtos injetáveis

Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) is thought to be a good replacement for rabbit pyrogen test (RPT); however, MAT remains controversial. MAT was not adequately evaluated in a sufficient number of products, and there is no sufficient data that support the ability of MAT to detect non-endotoxin pyrogens. Furthermore, MAT was used subject to validation for each specific product. The aim of this study was to identify in main pharmacopoeias, whose monographs require pyrogenicity tests, and propose those products for which only the rabbit pyrogen test is required to be used as a kick-off study for future studies. Products’ monographs in pharmacopeias in the United States, Europe, and Brazil that are recommended for RPT or Bacterial Endotoxins Test (BET) are as follows. RPT: 20 in American, 37 in European, and 28 in Brazilian pharmacopoeias. BET: 619 in American, 157 in European, and 41 in Brazilian pharmacopoeias. Four products require pyrogenicity testing in three pharmacopoeias. Both RPT and BET are recommended by six monographs in Brazilian pharmacopeias and 15 in European pharmacopoeias. In Brazilian pharmacopoeias most are biological. These products should be the first to be tested for their applicability to MAT because they are currently tested mainly by RPT.O MAT (sigla do inglês Monocyte Activation Test) é considerado um potencial substituto do Teste de Pirogênios, entretanto: i. não foi avaliado para um número suficiente de produtos; ii. faltam dados que possam garantir sua capacidade em detectar pirogênios não endotoxinas; e iii. deve ser realizada a validação do método para cada classe de produtos. O objetivo foi identificar as monografias que requerem testes de pirogenicidade e propor os produtos que têm por base somente o teste de pirogênios como um ponto de partida para futuros estudos. As monografias específicas nas Farmacopeias Americana, Europeia e Brasileira que recomendam o Teste de Pirogênios ou Teste de Endotoxina Bacteriana ou LAL (sigla do inglês Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) foram: Teste de Pirogênios: 20 monografias na Americana, 37 na Europeia e 28 na Brasileira. LAL: 619 monografias na Americana, 157 na Europeia e 41 na Brasileira. Somente quatro produtos requerem testes de pirogenicidade nas três farmacopeias analisadas. O Teste de Pirogênios e LAL são recomendados em seis monografias na Brasileira e 15 na Europeia. Na Brasileira, a maior parte dessas monografias é referente a produtos biológicos, sugerindo, assim, que estes devam ser os primeiros a ser testados, uma vez que são ensaiados em animais

Determinação da contaminação fúngica do ar em Creches Públicas do Rio de Janeiro/RJ

This note presents measurements of fungal contaminants in two public nursery schools in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. One of the nursery school operates in an adapted floor in a building that belongs to the administrative sector of a federal hospital; the other is newer and was designed to be a nursery school. Measurements were obtained for airborne fungi, temperature and relative humidity. Each of these measurements was made in three points in nursery school A and four points in school B over four seasons – spring, summer, fall and winter. We compared the indoor environments and examined the variability in measured parameters between and within schools and across seasons. The level of all measured parameters was comparable for the two schools. It was observed that in the majority of the evaluated areas the indoor contamination was close to or superior to the outdoor contamination.Este artigo apresenta a avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos contaminantes ambientais de duas creches no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Uma das creches funciona em um andar do prédio administrativo de um Hospital Federal e a outra foi instalada em uma edificação mais nova e construída para essa função. Foram escolhidos três pontos de coleta na creche A e quatro pontos na creche B durante as quatro estações do ano – primavera, verão, outono e inverno. Comparamos os ambientes internos e avaliamos a variabilidade dos parâmetros entre as duas creches durante as estações. Os níveis de contaminação eram próximos em ambas as creches. Foi observado que a maioria das áreas internas avaliadas tinha o nível de contaminação igual ou superior à contaminação externa

POLIMORFISMO GENÉTICO DA αS1-CASEÍNA EM CABRAS DO SEMIÁRIDO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

The population of native and mixed-breeds (MB) goats from the Northeast of Brazil is little characterized, despite the importancegiven to studies of genetic resources in domestic animals. With the objective of studying the polymorphism of the αS1-casein gene in genomic DNA of Moxotó and mixed-breed goats from the semi-arid of Brazilian Northeast, by the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorfism) technique,215 Moxotó and mixed-breeed goats, which came from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará, were used. Based on the allelic frequency from the breeds studied, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) among the populations of each studied state and between Moxotó and mixed-breed animals. In face of the detection of a highest presence of allele B (strong) from the αS1-casein gene in the animals studied, it is admitted the possibility that, phenotypically, these animals present the characteristic of a strong production of proteins, an important feature for the milk destined to cheese production, favoring the goat raising in the region

Physiotherapy Care of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - A Brazilian Experience

Some patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) present with severe acute respiratory syndrome, which causes multiple organ dysfunction, besides dysfunction of the respiratory system, that requires invasive procedures. On the basis of the opinions of front-line experts and a review of the relevant literature on several topics, we proposed clinical practice recommendations on the following aspects for physiotherapists facing challenges in treating patients and containing virus spread: 1. personal protective equipment, 2. conventional chest physiotherapy, 3. exercise and early mobilization, 4. oxygen therapy, 5. nebulizer treatment, 6. noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen, 7. endotracheal intubation, 8. protective mechanical ventilation, 9. management of mechanical ventilation in severe and refractory cases of hypoxemia, 10. prone positioning, 11. cuff pressure, 12. tube and nasotracheal suction, 13. humidifier use for ventilated patients, 14. methods of weaning ventilated patients and extubation, and 15. equipment and hand hygiene. These recommendations can serve as clinical practice guidelines for physiotherapists. This article details the development of guidelines on these aspects for physiotherapy of patients with COVID-19

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A capoeira como matriz no aprendizado de danças afro-brasileiras

Neste ensaio, realizarei uma reflexão perante uma diferente proposta no aprendizado de danças afro-brasileiras, sendo elas o Maracatu, Maculelê e o Samba de Roda. A proposta apresentada seria em reflexo da análise de alguns elementos presentes em outra cultura no Brasil, a Capoeira. Poderia a ginga, as técnicas de golpes e esquivas, relações com o chão, posições dos pés e da cintura pélvica e o conceito de espirais capazes de se interligarem com a estrutura de outras danças afro-brasileiras? Se sim, como conectar essas pontes? A cada capítulo, uma apresentação significativa sobre a dança ali estudada, seguida de sua proposta de conexão entre a Capoeira e a mesma. Talvez a eficácia desse aprendizado esteja além de puros passos mecânicos para sua interpretação, havendo outro elemento essencial, que contemple tal reflexão sobre o aprendizado de danças tão importantes para a história, cultura e arte brasileiras.In this essay, accomplish a reflection before a different proposal for learning Afro-Brazilian dances, Maracatu, Maculelê and Samba de Roda. The proposal would be in reflection of the analysis of some elements present within another culture in Brazil, Capoeira. Could the ginga, the techniques of scams and elusive, relations with the ground, positions of the feet and of the pelvic region and the concept of spirals, able to interface with the structure of other Afro-Brazilian dances? If Yes, how to connect these bridges? Every chapter, a significant presentation about the dance there studied, followed by its proposed connection between Capoeira and the same. Maybe the effectiveness of this learning is beyond pure mechanical steps to its interpretation, and there are another essential element that includes such reflection on learning of dances as important to the history, culture and art