The role of coral in art and architecture: An overview

Coral is one of the richest ecosystems in the world and divided into two major groups. First group consist of soft corals living in tropical and semitropical oceans and seas. People in the past used these kinds of coral to make jewelry and decorative objects. Second group contains hard coral which have been used as construction material in coastal zones. This paper presents the role of corals in art and architecture in four southern Islands (Qeshm, Hormoz, Hengam and Larak) of the Persian Gulf by studying objects in some museums around the world and some ancient Iranian jewelry manuscripts. The results showed that despite references made about corals, especially the red one, in jewelry and historical books and in Persian literature, there have never been any traces of an object made by coral in the Persian Gulf. In scientific researchers, there is no report on red coral in the Persian Gulf and studies indicate that red coral as a jewelry and decorative objects were exported to these Islands via India and Africa. Instead three groups of Coral reefs, Lumashell and Coquina were used as construction materials in these Islands mostly in historical, religious, hydraulic and offshore architectures

Evaluation of the Effects of 810 nm Diode Laser Alone and in Combination With Gluma© and Chromophore on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis

Introduction: Tooth hypersensitivity is among the most common patient complaints caused by the response of exposed dentin to external stimuli. No definite treatment has been suggested so far for dentin hypersensitivity (DH). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the diode laser alone and in combination with Gluma and chromophore in occluding opened dentine tubules and the treatment of DH.Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 30 extracted human third molars kept in 0.1% thymol solution. The teeth were mounted in transparent acrylic resin and the buccal enamel was cut to expose the outer third of dentin. The samples were then divided into 6 groups of negative control (no smear layer removal), positive control (smear layer removal with 6% citric acid application), 810 nm diode laser irradiation (energy density 55.55 J/cm2, 1 W for 20 seconds in a continuous mode), chromophore (1 mg/mL indocyanine green, ICG) plus diode laser irradiation (1 W, 20 seconds), Gluma plus diode laser irradiation, and Gluma + chromophore + diode laser. Dentinal tubules were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope at x2000 magnification. The mean percentage of the obstruction of dentinal tubules was reported as mean and standard deviation. Considering the normal distribution of the data, two-way ANOVA was applied to compare the efficacy of treatments, and an independent-samples t test was used for pairwise comparisons at P<0.05 level of significance.Results: The highest mean percentage of the obstruction of dentinal tubules was noted in the diode laser/chromophore/Gluma group (65.68±12.31%) while the lowest value was noted in the diode laser/Gluma group (24.33±5.90%). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05) except for the difference between the laser/Gluma/chromophore and laser/chromophore groups (P = 0.20).Conclusion: It seems that chromophore increases the efficacy of the diode laser for the obstruction of dentinal tubules

Um estudo sobre a relação entre os esquemas desadaptativos precoces, a inteligência emocional e a automutilação em adolescentes estudantes das escolas secundárias de Teerã entre 2017 e 2018

One of the aspects of quality of life is the quality of mental health which is included in lack of fear, anxiety, and depression. The quality of mental health is one of the important variables in positive psychology which reflects the individuals’ psychological health. Emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies are among the important variables that according to various researches play a significant role in the relation between the factors related to personality and their psychological consequences.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the early maladaptive schemas and emotional intelligence with self-harm of adolescent girls in Tehran high schools between 2017 and 2018. The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relation between the two schemas of emotional deprivation and sacrifice with self-harm but there is not a significant relation between the other schemas and the adolescent girls’ self-harm.Uno de los aspectos de la calidad de vida es la calidad de la salud mental que se incluye en la falta de miedo, ansiedad y depresión. La calidad de la salud mental es una de las variables importantes en la psicología positiva que refleja la salud psicológica de los individuos. La inteligencia emocional y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés son algunas de las variables importantes que, según diversas investigaciones, desempeñan un papel importante en la relación entre los factores relacionados con la personalidad y sus consecuencias psicológicas.El propósito de este estudio es investigar la relación entre los esquemas de mala adaptación temprana y la inteligencia emocional con autolesiones de las adolescentes en las escuelas secundarias de Teherán entre 2017 y 2018. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que existe una relación significativa entre los dos esquemas de privación emocional y sacrificio con autolesión, pero no existe una relación significativa entre los otros esquemas y la autolesión de las adolescentes.Um dos aspectos da qualidade de vida é a qualidade da saúde mental incluída na falta de medo, ansiedade e depressão. A qualidade da saúde mental é uma das variáveis importantes na psicologia positiva que reflete a saúde psicológica dos indivíduos. A inteligência emocional e as estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse estão entre as variáveis importantes que, de acordo com várias pesquisas, desempenham um papel significativo na relação entre os fatores relacionados à personalidade e suas consequências psicológicas.O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre os esquemas desadaptativos precoces e a inteligência emocional com autoflagelação de adolescentes do ensino médio de Teerã entre 2017 e 2018. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que existe uma relação significativa entre os dois esquemas. de privação emocional e sacrifício com autoflagelação, mas não há uma relação significativa entre os outros esquemas e a automutilação das adolescentes

Effect of different treatment on Surface Morphology of laser bleached teeth: SEM Evaluation

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of dental surface treatment with Er:YAG , Nd:YAG ,CO2 lasers and sodium ascorbate to recently laser bleached enamel by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Methods: 15caries-free extracted human third molars were selected for this study. The samples were bleached by Heydent JW power activated by diode laser 810 nm. After 7 day, the bleaching procedure was repeated as same as first time. Then, the samples were divided to five groups randomly as follow: Group 1: treated using Nd:YAG laser with output power of 1 W, Group 2: treated using Er:YAG laser with output power of 0.5 W, Group 3: treated using CO2 laser with output power of 0.5 W, Group 4: sodium ascorbate 10%, Group 5: no surface treatment. After treatments, the surfaces were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis.Results: The surfaces treated by Nd:YAG laser showed some melting area but the surface treated by Er:YAG laser showed irregular and micro porous surface. CO2 laser treatment of surfaces resulted in melting of superficial layer of dental substrate and micro cracks. Sodium ascorbate did not change the surface except changes raised from bleaching.Conclusion: Laser conditioning of laser-bleached teeth can be beneficial for enhancing bond  strength of resin material to recently bleached enamel

A Comparative Study of Enamel Surface Roughness after Bleaching with Diode Laser and Nd: YAG Laser

Introduction: Bleaching process can affect surface roughness of enamel, which is a vital factor in esthetic and resistance of tooth. The aim of this study was to compare surface roughness of enamel in teeth bleached using Diode and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers with those bleached using conventional method.Methods: In this study, 75 anterior human teeth from upper and lower jaws were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Laser white gel (Biolase, USA) with 45% hydrogen peroxide concentration and GaAlAs Diode laser (CHEESETM, GIGAA, China), group 2: Heydent gel (JW, Germany) with 30% Hydrogen peroxide concentration and Diode laser, group 3: Laser white gel and Nd:YAG laser (FIDELISTM, Fotona, Slovenia), group 4: Heydent gel and Nd:YAG laser and group 5: The Iranian gel Kimia (Iran) with 35% hydrogen peroxide concentration were used. Surface roughness of the samples was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester system (TR 200 Time Group, Germany) before and after bleaching. In each group, one sample was randomly selected for SEM analysis.Results: The results showed that the mean surface roughness of the teeth before and after bleaching had a significant difference in all the study groups. It was indicated that after bleaching, the mean surface roughness had increased in all the study groups. The highest surface roughness was seen in the conventional bleaching group and the lowest surface roughness was reported in group 3 (laser white gel + diode laser), in which the average surface roughness increased by only 0.1 μm.Conclusion: It was concluded that using the Laser white gel and the diode laser for bleaching resulted in the least surface roughness compared to conventional method

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Different Laser Irradiations on the Enamel Surfaces of Teeth Treated with Home Bleach Procedure

Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental surface treatment with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Er: YAG), Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(Nd: YAG) and Carbon Dioxide Laser  (CO2) lasers and sodium ascorbate to recently home bleached enamel by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Methods: Thirty extracted human third molars were selected for this in vitro study. The teeth were randomly divided in two groups including home bleached group and control group (non-bleached). In group 1, the samples were bleached by home bleach technique. No bleaching procedure was done in second the group which served as control group. Then, the samples of two groups were divided to five subgroups as follow:  Subgroup 1: treated using Nd:YAG laser with output power of 1 W, Subgroup 2: treated using Er:YAG laser with output power of 0.5 W, Subgroup 3: treated using CO2 laser with output power of 0.5 W, Subgroup 4: sodium ascorbate 10%, Subgroup 5: no treatment. After treatments, the surfaces were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis.Results:The surfaces treated by Nd:YAG laser showed some melting and recrystallized areas and in some area droplet pattern was observed. But the surface treated by Er:YAG laser showed irregular and micro porous surface with flake pattern. CO2 laser treatment of home-bleached surfaces resulted in melting area and cracks. Sodium ascorbate did not change the home-bleached surface.Conclusion:Among different surface treatments used in this study, it seems that Er:YAG laser can best interact with home-bleached teeth

Machine Learning-Based Clinical Adjusted Selection of Predicting Risk Factors for Shunt Infection in Children

   Background: Shunt Infection is a common complication of shunt insertion in children which can lead to bad neuro-developmental conditions and impose a considerable economic burden for the health care system. So, identifying predictive factors of shunt infection could help us in the proper improvement of this deteriorating condition. Methods: In this study, related risk factors of 68 patients with history of shunt infection and 80 matched controls without any history of shunt infection, who were all operated in a single referral hospital were assessed. Three machine learning (ML)-based measures including sparsity, correlation, and redundancy along with specialist’s score were applied to select the most important predictive risk factors for shunt infection. ML was determined by summation of sparsity, correlation and redundancy measures, and the final total score was considered as normalization (ML-based score + specialist score). Results: According to the total score, prematurity, first ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) age, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), myelomeningocele (MMC) and low birth weight had higher weights as shunt infection risk factors. icterus, trauma, co-infection and tumor had the lowest weights and history of meningitis and number of shunt revisions were defined as intermediate risk factors. Conclusion: The “ML-based clinical adjusted” method may be used as a complementary tool to help neurosurgeons in better patient selection and more accurate follow-up of children with higher risk of shunt infection

The Attitudes of Infertile Women towards Surrogacy in Kerman, 2014

Background: Infertility as a psychological crisis puts too much stress on infertile couples and threatens their mental health in different ways. One of the newest methods of assisted reproduction is surrogacy. Due to unique aspects of surrogacy, this method has been considered as the most controversial assisted reproduction method in the recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of infertile women towards surrogacy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 infertile women referred to the Infertility Center of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman in 2014. Samples were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected by a two-part questionnaire containing demographic information and attitudinal statements. Data were analyzed using logistic regression (P<0.05). Results: The mean age of infertile women was 30.17±5.93 years and the average years of infertility was 4.93±3.98 years. Most participants had a college degree (42.8%) and were housewives (73.7%). Of 236 infertile women, 82.6 percent had positive attitudes towards surrogacy and 17.4 percent had negative attitudes. There was no statistically significant relationship between attitudes of infertile women and independent variables. Conclusion: Due to the high positive attitude of infertile women towards surrogacy, making the society aware and creating the culture and basis for more acceptance of this assisted reproduction method by the community is very important. In this case, it can help in preserving family integrity

Effect of Er: YAG Laser on Microtensile Bond Strength of Bleached Dentin to Composite

Introduction: In non-vital tooth bleaching, dentin is in direct contact with the bleaching agent, 1 to 3-week delay is needed to eliminate free radicals from tooth structure. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of irradiation of Er: YAG laser on immediate microtensile bond strength of bleached dentin to composite.Methods: Sixty sounds human teeth were collected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15): no bleaching (NB), opalescence endo hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel bleaching, sodium perborate (SP) bleaching and laser bleaching with heydent gel (LB). The groups were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 5): no surface treatment, Er: YAG laser irradiation and 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). All samples were restored and underwent microtensile bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way and two-way ANOVA.Results: Bond strength in NB-SA group had a significant difference with the NB group (P &lt; 0.05) while no significant difference was noted between NB and NB-Er groups (P = 0.55). Application of SA and Er: YAG laser after bleaching with SP did not enhance the bond strength (P = 0.07).Conclusion: Application of SA and Er: YAG laser after HP gel bleaching significantly enhanced the bond strength. Application of Er: YAG laser after internal bleaching with HP gel could enhance the bond strength

Evaluation of HER2 gene amplification status in invasive breast cancer patients by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization analysis and its correlation with clinical features

Precise assessment of HER2 gene status as an important biomarker plays a significant role in identifying the eligible patients for Trastuzumab therapy and determining their clinical outcomes. In this study, the researchers assigned HER2 amplification status in invasive breast cancer specimens by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) and determined its association with other clinical features. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue specimens of 46 patients with invasive breast cancer were collected from November 2011 till May 2012. HER2status was evaluated by FISH. The Zytolight SPEC HER2/CEN17 dual color probe kit was applied for assessment of HER2status. HER2 gene amplification was defined as HER2/CEP17 ratio>2.2.The association between HER2status and clinical features like tumor grade, tumor type, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement and age of patient was done using Chi squared test at the 0.05 level of significance (p value). Amplification of HER2 gene was detected in twelve cases (26%). On statistical analysis HER2status showed correlation with tumor grade (p=0.02).There was no correlation between HER2status and tumor type, tumor size, lymph node status and age of patients. The results of this study are consonant with the findings of other studies about the presence of HER2 gene amplification in invasive breast cancer. Statistical analysis showed patients with HER2 amplified gene have tumors with higher grade. In these patients the probability of increased proliferation and metastasis is high therefore evaluation of HER2 gene amplification status in breast cancer patients specially in high grade tumor with an accurate method such as FISH is essentia