Combined mediation and arbitration mechanisms in the resolution of disputes relating to cross-border commercial operations

Esta contribución tiene dos objetivos, abordados con metodologías diferentes. En primer lugar, desde una perspectiva descriptiva, se analizan las fórmulas combinadas de arbitraje y mediación —ARB-MED, MED-ARB, ARB-MED-ARB— desarrolladas en la práctica de los negocios internacionales como MASC/ADR, como mecanismos para conseguir lo mejor de ambos sistemas de resolución de controversias. En segundo término, desde un punto de vista crítico, se aborda la recepción de estos mecanismos híbridos en el ordenamiento jurídico español, habida cuenta de la prohibición general establecida en nuestra legislación arbitral: Salvo acuerdo en contrario de las partes, el árbitro no podrá haber intervenido como mediador en el mismo conflicto entre estas (art. 17.4 Ley 60/2003 de arbitraje).This contribution has two objectives, addressed with different methodologies. Firstly, from a descriptive perspective, the combined arbitration and mediation formulas —ARB-MED, MED-ARB, ARB-MED-ARB— developed in the practice of international business as MASC/ADR are analyzed as mechanisms to achieve the best of both dispute resolution systems. Secondly, from a critical point of view, the reception of these hybrid mechanisms in the Spanish legal system is addressed, taking into account the general prohibition established in our arbitration legislation: Unless the parties agree otherwise, the arbitrator may not have intervened as a mediator in the same conflict between them (article 17.4 of arbitration law 60/2003)

Risk Factors and Predictive Score for Bacteremic Biliary Tract Infections Due to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: a Multicenter Cohort Study from the PROBAC Project

Biliary-tract bloodstream infections (BT-BSI) caused by Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are associated with inappropriate empirical treatment and worse outcomes compared to other etiologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for enterococcal BT-BSI. Patients with BT-BSI from the PROBAC cohort, including consecutive patients with BSI in 26 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017, were selected; episodes caused by E. faecalis or E. faecium and other causes were compared. Independent predictors for enterococci were identified by logistic regression, and a predictive score was developed. Eight hundred fifty episodes of BT-BSI were included; 73 (8.5%) were due to target Enterococcus spp. (48 [66%] were E. faecium and 25 [34%] E. faecalis). By multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with Enterococcus spp. were (OR; 95% confidence interval): cholangiocarcinoma (4.48;1.32 to 15.25), hospital acquisition (3.58;2.11 to 6.07), use of carbapenems in the previous month (3.35;1.45 to 7.78), biliary prosthesis (2.19;1.24 to 3.90), and moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (1.55;1.07 to 2.26). The AUC of the model was 0.74 [95% CI0.67 to 0.80]. A score was developed, with 7, 6, 5, 4, and 2 points for these variables, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 95% for a score ? 6. A model, including cholangiocarcinoma, biliary prosthesis, hospital acquisition, previous carbapenems, and chronic kidney disease showed moderate prediction ability for enterococcal BT-BSI. Although the score will need to be validated, this information may be useful for deciding empirical therapy in biliary tract infections when bacteremia is suspected. IMPORTANCE Biliary tract infections are frequent, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Bacteremia is common in these infections, particularly in the elderly and patients with cancer. Inappropriate empirical treatment has been associated with increased risk of mortality in bacteremic cholangitis, and the probability of receiving inactive empirical treatment is higher in episodes caused by enterococci. This is because many of the antimicrobial agents recommended in guidelines for biliary tract infections lack activity against these organisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the predictive factors for enterococcal BT-BSI and deriving a predictive score

Risk Factors and Predictive Score for Bacteremic Biliary Tract Infections Due to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: a Multicenter Cohort Study from the PROBAC Project

Biliary-tract bloodstream infections (BT-BSI) caused by Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are associated with inappropriate empirical treatment and worse outcomes compared to other etiologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for enterococcal BT-BSI. Patients with BT-BSI from the PROBAC cohort, including consecutive patients with BSI in 26 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017, were selected; episodes caused by E. faecalis or E. faecium and other causes were compared. Independent predictors for enterococci were identified by logistic regression, and a predictive score was developed. Eight hundred fifty episodes of BT-BSI were included; 73 (8.5%) were due to target Enterococcus spp. (48 [66%] were E. faecium and 25 [34%] E. faecalis). By multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with Enterococcus spp. were (OR; 95% confidence interval): cholangiocarcinoma (4.48;1.32 to 15.25), hospital acquisition (3.58;2.11 to 6.07), use of carbapenems in the previous month (3.35;1.45 to 7.78), biliary prosthesis (2.19;1.24 to 3.90), and moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (1.55;1.07 to 2.26). The AUC of the model was 0.74 [95% CI0.67 to 0.80]. A score was developed, with 7, 6, 5, 4, and 2 points for these variables, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 95% for a score # 6. A model, including cholangiocarcinoma, biliary prosthesis, hospital acquisition, previous carbapenems, and chronic kidney disease showed moderate prediction ability for enterococcal BT-BSI. Although the score will need to be validated, this information may be useful for deciding empirical therapy in biliary tract infections when bacteremia is suspected. IMPORTANCE Biliary tract infections are frequent, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Bacteremia is common in these infections, particularly in the elderly and patients with cancer. Inappropriate empirical treatment has been associated with increased risk of mortality in bacteremic cholangitis, and the probability of receiving inactive empirical treatment is higher in episodes caused by enterococci. This is because many of the antimicrobial agents recommended in guidelines for biliary tract infections lack activity against these organisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the predictive factors for enterococcal BT-BSI and deriving a predictive score.8 página

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Exclusive jurisdiction on cross-border trade in genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge under the 2010 Nagoya Protocol?

El objeto de esta contribución es analizar la viabilidad y conveniencia de establecer un fuero exclusivo en los supuestos de comercio transfronterizo de recursos genéticos (RG) y conocimiento tradicional asociado (CT), tal y como es entendido por el Protocolo de Nagoya de 2010 (Protocolo). El Protocolo obliga a sus Estados contratantes a controlar que el comercio de RG –base última de la biodiversidad- y, en su caso, el del CT asociado a los mismos se desarrolle de acuerdo con un contrato que incluya, imperativamente: el Consentimiento Fundamentado Previo de la Parte Proveedora del RG/CT; las Condiciones Mutuamente Acordadas entre la Parte Proveedora y el usuario de los RG/CT; la participación justa y equitativa de la Parte Proveedora en los beneficios obtenidos por el usuario, derivados del acceso y/o utilización de los RG/CT. Consciente del contexto transfronterizo de tales transacciones, el Protocolo insta a proveedores y usuarios a gestionar los riesgos jurídicos inherentes a la internacionalidad del contrato. Pero no es intención del texto de Nagoya construir un sistema de Dipr en la materia, tarea que recae en cada Estado contratante. Siendo cada soberano autónomo a la hora de diseñar su sistema de competencia judicial internacional, el análisis parte de la excepcionalidad del establecimiento de los fueros exclusivos y plantea una argumentación fuerte en sentido contrario, fundamentada en el principio de proximidad, la presencia de intereses públicos materiales relevantes en la materia y la correlación forum-ius, para concluir proponiendo, ex lege ferenda, con carácter general, el establecimiento de un fuero exclusivo en favor del Estado proveedor del RG/CT.The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the advisability of establishing an exclusive jurisdiction in cases of cross-border transactions concerning genetic resources (GR) and associated traditional knowledge (TK), as understood by the 2010 Nagoya Protocol. The Protocol obliges its Contracting Parties to check that trade in GR –the ultimate basis of biodiversity- and, where appropriate, that of the associated TK –developed by Indigenous and Local Communities- is carried out in accordance with a contract that must include, imperatively: the Prior and Informed Consent of the Provider Party of the GR/TK; the Mutually Agreed Terms between the Provider Party and the user of GR/TK; the reservation of a fair and equitable participation of the Provider in the benefits obtained by the user, arising from the access/utilization of GR/TK. Aware of the innate internationality of such transactions, the Protocol urges Provider Parties and users to manage the legal risks arising out the contract. But is not the purpose of Nagoya’s text to build a PIL system in this area, a task that falls on each Contracting State. Is well known that each sovereign is autonomous when designing his system of international jurisdiction, so the analysis starts taking in account the exceptionality of the establishment of exclusive jurisdiction fora and offers an strong arguments in the opposite way, based on the principle of proximity, the presence of substantive relevant public interests in the matter and the forum-ius correlation, in order to conclude by proposing the establishment of an exclusive forum in benefit of the Provider State of the GR/TK

Orientações para o treino dos fitkids no Holmes Place Health Club - Dolce Vita Tejo

Mestrado em Exercício e Saúde - ramo de Aprofundamento de Competências ProfissionaisO presente documento tem como objectivo relatar o estágio desenvolvido no Holmes Place Dolce Vita Tejo para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Exercício e saúde. Os objectivos do mesmo foram desenvolver competências de promoção de estilos de vida saudável para a população-alvo de um health club, com particular enfoque em crianças e adolescentes. A estrutura do relatório está dividida em seis partes onde é caracterizada a instituição de acolhimento, definidos os objectivos e motivações, relatadas as actividades desenvolvidas, terminando na apresentação de um projecto e uma reflexão final acerca do estágio. O treino de força para crianças e adolescentes foi a temática abordada e apresenta-se um projecto para os profissionais que orientam aulas nestas faixas etárias. O desempenho desportivo de cada criança está relacionado em parte, com o seu crescimento e maturação sendo que o treino de força tem benefícios entre os 8 e os 17 anos de idade. Melhora a composição corporal, o perfil lipoproteíco e reduz o risco de obesidade, melhora a performance motora, previne lesões e melhora a saúde óssea, para além de aumentar a força e potência. É de extrema importância que haja uma supervisão adequada, um aquecimento e retorno à calma e uma progressão das cargas gradual de modo a permitir uma execução técnica óptima. Os ganhos do treino de força podem ser obtidos quando o exercício é prescrito segundo a idade e maturação das crianças e adolescentes e deve ser incorporado em qualquer programa de actividade física direccionado para a saúde

La aplicación de metodologías docentes innovadoras a la asignatura de Derecho internacional privado

En el marco de este Proyecto se ha experimentado con distintas herramientas docentes innovadoras en la asignatura de Derecho internacional privado: gamificación, debates, aprendizaje basado en problemas, análisis de casos reales trabajados en la clínica jurídica, role playing y juicios simulados. Estas dinámicas han sido incorporadas en grupos pertenecientes a los Grados en Derecho, DADE y DeCRIM, que son heterogéneos tanto por el distinto número de estudiantes –entre 42 y 105 matriculados- como por los idiomas vehiculares, que son castellano, valenciano o inglés. Los resultados de la experiencia han sido positivos: se percibe que el alumnado está más motivado a la hora de participar en estas actividades. No obstante, se plantean ciertos inconvenientes para el profesorado. En primer lugar, debe formarse para adquirir ciertos conocimientos técnicos, por ejemplo, para la utilización de aplicaciones por medio de las que se realizan las actividades de gamificación. En segundo lugar, la inversión de los docentes en términos de esfuerzo y tiempo es importante, desde la preparación de la propia actividad hasta el desarrollo en el aula (más complejo cuanto más numeroso es el grupo). Finalmente, la evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje para cada una de las experiencias

Políticas públicas y género: La igualdad como eje de un nuevo modelo económico y social sostenible.

III Curso Políticas Públicas y Género: La igualdad como eje de un nuevo modelo económico y social sostenible. UNIMAR 2011. CEHEGÍ