Entrenamiento aeróbico interválico de alta intensidad con recomendaciones de dieta mediterránea tras infarto de miocardio: proyecto interfarct.

156 p.Determinar los efectos de diferentes programas (bajo volumen vs alto volumen) de entrenamientoaeróbico interválico de alta intensidad con recomendaciones de dieta mediterránea sobre la condicióncardiorrespiratoria, las respuestas cronotrópicas durante y después del ejercicio físico, la calidad de vidarelacionada con la salud, la salud mental y los niveles de actividad física general y comportamientosedentario en personas tras haber sufrido un infarto de miocardio. 224 personas fueron aleatorizadas alazar a tres grupos diferenciados. Dos grupos de intervención mediante ejercicio físico y un grupo control.Se realizó una ergoespirometría máxima antes del periodo de intervención y se evaluaron loscuestionarios SF-36 sobre calidad de vida, MEDAS sobre adherencia a la dieta mediterránea e IPAQsobre niveles generales de actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. Tras 16 semanas de intervenciónlos dos grupos de ejercicio físico supervisado mejoraron la condición cardiorrrespiratoria,las respuestascronotrópicas, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, todos los dominios de la calidad de vida relacionadacon la salud, se redujeron los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y mejoro el estilo de vida sin hallarsediferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. En cambio, se encontraron grandes diferencias en lasvariables comentadas respecto a los grupos de ejercicio físico supervisado frente al grupo control. Por lotanto, podemos concluir, que el entrenamiento aeróbico interválico de alta intensidad y de bajo volumende entrenamiento es un método eficaz para la mejora de la condición cardiorrespiratoria, las respuestascronotrópicas, la calidad de vida y la salud mental y para mejorar el estilo de vida invirtiendo la mitad detiempo que protocolos de entrenamiento de mayor duración

Offline Identification of Imagined Speed of Wrist Movements in Paralyzed ALS Patients from Single-Trial EEG

The study investigated the possibility of identifying the speed of an imagined movement from EEG recordings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. EEG signals were acquired from four ALS patients during imagination of wrist extensions at two speeds (fast and slow), each repeated up to 100 times in random order. The movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and averaged sensorimotor rhythm associated with the two tasks were obtained from the EEG recordings. Moreover, offline single-trial EEG classification was performed with discrete wavelet transform for feature extraction and support vector machine for classification. The speed of the task was encoded in the time delay of peak negativity in the MRCPs, which was shorter for faster than for slower movements. The average single-trial misclassification rate between speeds was 30.4 ± 3.5% when the best scalp location and time interval were selected for each individual. The scalp location and time interval leading to the lowest misclassification rate varied among patients. The results indicate that the imagination of movements at different speeds is a viable strategy for controlling a brain-computer interface system by ALS patients

Low-Volume and High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training May Attenuate Dysfunctional Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction: Data from the INTERFARCT Study

Background: Aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated benefits for ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) through various mechanisms. Despite this, the optimal training volume is not well known. The present study aimed to assess the effects of different (low vs. high volume) aerobic HIIT compared to an attentional control (AC) group on echocardiographic and biochemical indicators of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in adults after MI. Methods: Randomized clinical trial conducted on post-MI patients with preserved ventricular function. Participants were assigned to three study groups. Two groups performed HIIT 2 d/week, one group with low-volume HIIT (20 min, n = 28) and another with high-volume HIIT (40 min, n = 28). A third group was assigned to AC (n = 24) with recommendations for unsupervised aerobic training. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarker levels (N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP; soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2, ST2; troponin T; and creatine kinase) were assessed at baseline and after the intervention (16 weeks). Results: Eighty participants (58.4 ± 8.3 yrs, 82.5% male) were included. Both low- and high-volume HIIT showed increases (p < 0.05) in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (1.2%, 2.6%), and volume (1.1%, 1.3%), respectively. Interventricular septal and posterior walls maintained their thickness (p = 0.36) concerning the AC. Significant (p < 0.05) gain in diastolic function was shown with the improvements in E (–2.1%, –3.3%), e’ waves (2.2%, 5.5%), and the deceleration time (2.1%, 2.9%), and in systolic function with a reduction in global longitudinal strain (–3.2%, –4.7%), respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) reductions of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (–4.8%, –11.1%) and of ST2 (–21.7%, –16.7%)were found in both HIIT groups respectively compared to the AC group. Creatine kinase elevation was shown only in high-volume HIIT (19.3%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Low-volume HIIT is proposed as a clinically time-efficient and safer strategy to attenuate dysfunctional remodeling by preventing wall thinning and improving LV function in post-MI patients.This study has been carried out receiving funds from the Santiago Apostol Hospital (Miranda de Ebro, Spain) and the Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Impact of β-Blockers on Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake During Exercise and Recovery in Older Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the differences in oxygen uptake ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2) and heart rate (HR) (at rest, submaximal exercise, peak exercise, and recovery) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with β-blockers (BB) or without BB treatment (NBB) and to analyze the relationship between HR reserve (HRresv) and peak (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2 ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak) in BB and NBB. Methods: A total of 174 HFpEF patients (>65 yr; BB, n = 59; NBB, n = 115) were assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test to peak exertion using an incremental protocol. After 5 min of supine rest, HR and (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2 (HRrest, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2rest) at submaximal exercise (HRsubmax, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2submax), at peak exercise (HRpeak, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak), at 1 min of passive recovery (HRrec1), HRresv (HRpeak- HRrest), and HR recovery (HRrecov = HRpeak- HRrec1) were evaluated. Results: Analysis showed that HRrest (66.0 ± 12.2 vs 69.7 ± 10.6 bpm), HRsubmax (91.7 ± 16.2 vs 98.6 ± 15.2 bpm), and HRrec1 (102.9 ± 18.9 vs 109.4 ± 16.9 bpm) were significantly lower (P ≤ .05) in BB than in NBB, respectively. However, there were no significant differences (P > .05) between the BB and the NBB for HRpeak, HRresv, HRrecov, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2rest, (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2submax, and (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak. A significant relationship was found between HRresv and (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak values in both groups (BB, r = 0.52; NBB, r = 0.49, P < .001). Conclusions: The nonsignificant differences in HRpeak, HRresv, HRrecov, or (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2 values between BB and NBB HFpEF patients, along with significant correlation between HRresv and (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak, suggest that these measures may have equal utility in prognostic and functional assessment as well as clinical applications, including the prescription of exercise, in elderly HFpEF patients

Chronotropic Responses to Exercise and Recovery in Myocardial Infarction Patients Taking β-Blockers Following Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training: AN INTERFARCT STUDY

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs (low-volume vs high-volume) on chronotropic responses during exercise and recovery, and to contrast the results of the HIIT groups together to only physical activity recommendations in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients taking β-blockers. Methods: Resting heart rate (HRrest), peak HR (HRpeak), HR reserve (HRreserve = HRpeak-HRrest), HR recovery (HRR) as the difference between HRpeak and post-exercise HR, and chronotropic incompetence were assessed in 70 patients (58 ± 8 yr) following MI with a cardiopulmonary exercise test to peak exertion before and after a 16-wk exercise intervention period. All participants were randomized to either attention control (AC) (physical activity recommendations) or one of the two supervised HIIT groups (2 d/wk). Results: After the intervention, no significant between-HIIT group differences were observed. The HRpeak increased (P .05) resulting in large differences (P < .05) between HIIT and AC. The HRreserve increased (P < .05) in high-volume HIIT. The HRR slightly increased (P < .05) in low-volume (5th min, Δ= 19 ± 31%) and high-volume HIIT (2nd min, Δ= 15 ± 29%, and 5th min, Δ= 19 ± 28%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that both low- and high-volume HIIT elicit similar improvements in chronotropic responses after MI, independent of β-blocker treatment. Supervised HIIT was more effective than giving physical activity recommendations alone. Low-volume HIIT is presented as a potent and time-efficient exercise strategy that could enhance the sympathovagal balance in this population

Acute stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) is time-of-day dependent: Physiological and oxidative stress indicators

Since fish show daily rhythms in most physiological functions, it should not be surprising that stressors may have different effects depending on the timing of exposure. In this study, we investigated the influence of time of day on the stress responses, at both physiological and cellular levels, in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurataL.) submitted to air exposure for 30 s and then returned to their tank. One hour after air exposure, blood, hypothalamus and liver samples were taken. Six fish per experimental group (control and stressed) were sampled every 4 h during a 24-h cycle. Fish were fed in the middle of the light cycle (ML) and locomotor activity rhythms were recorded using infrared photocells to determine their daily activity pattern of behaviour, which showed a peak around feeding time in all fish. In the control group, cortisol levels did not show daily rhythmicity, whereas in the stressed fish, a daily rhythm of plasma cortisol was observed, being the average values higher than in the control group, with increased differences during the dark phase. Blood glucose showed daily rhythmicity in the control group but not in the stressed one which also showed higher values at all sampling points. In the hypothalamus of control fish, a daily rhythm ofcorticotropin-releasing hormone(crh) gene expression was observed, with the acrophase at the beginning of the light phase. However, in the stressed fish, this rhythm was abolished. The expression ofcrh-binding protein(crhbp) showed a peak at the end of the dark phase in the control group, whereas in the stressed sea bream, this peak was found at ML. Regarding hepatic gene expression of oxidative stress biomarkers: (i)cytochrome c oxidase 4showed daily rhythmicity in both control and stressed fish, with the acrophases located around ML, (ii)peroxiredoxin(prdx) 3 and5(prdx5) only presented daily rhythmicity of expression in the stressed fish, with the acrophase located at the beginning of the light cycle and (iii)uncoupling protein 1showed significant differences between sampling points only in the control group, with significantly higher expression at the beginning of the dark phase. Taken together, these results indicate that stress response in gilthead sea bream is time-dependent as cortisol level rose higher at night, and that different rhythmic mechanisms interplay in the control of neuroendocrine and cellular stress responses

Effects Of Combined High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training Program And Mediterranean Diet Recommendations After Myocardial Infarction (INTERFARCT Project): Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial

Exercise therapy has long been used for rehabilitation purposes after myocardial infarction (MI) and the benefit of regular physical exercise is also well-established. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed to be more effective than continuous exercise for improving exercise capacity and health-related adaptations to low-volume (LV) and HIIT are also known. Furthermore, the Mediterranean diet (Mediet) has been widely reported to be a model of healthy eating for its contribution to a favorable health status and a better quality of life, reducing overall mortality. This study will investigate the effects of different HIIT programs (high-volume [HV] vs LV) and Mediet recommendations in clinical condition, cardiorespiratory fitness, biomarkers, ventricular function, and perception of quality of life after MI, and compared to an attention control group that is recommended to Mediet and physical activity without supervision sessions.The trial is supported by the Hospital Santiago Apostol (Miranda de Ebro, Burgos, Spain) and the Department of Physical Education and Sport (University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU)

Early survival and growth plasticity of 33 species planted in 38 arboreta across the European Atlantic area

To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37 and 57 , where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L., Quercus robur L., and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La Teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples como enfoque alternativo a la educación científica actual: análisis, revisión, exploración y propuesta didáctica.

La finalidad de este trabajo es analizar la situación actual de la educación científica en España, su problemática, y proponer la Teoría de las Inteligencias como un enfoque alternativo. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de otros trabajos relacionados con esta temática y se ha realizado un estudio piloto a diez profesores de la especialidad de “Biología y Geología” para saber su grado de conocimiento, opinión, y el uso que hacen de la Teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples (TIM). Por último se han propuesto 4 actividades didácticas para alumnos de 2º y 3º de la E.S.O de la asignatura “Biología y Geología”, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar las distintas inteligencias propuestas. El estudio piloto muestra que a pesar de que el nivel de conocimiento de la T.I.M. es bajo, la mayoría de los docentes coincide en tanto en los postulados como en la utilidad educativa de la misma. Sin embargo, a pesar de esto, el grado de ajuste de su metodología educativa con respecto a la T.I.M. fué relativamente bajo

Ritmos diarios de comportamiento alimentario y bienestar en la dorada

El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral fué estudiar los ritmos diarios de comportamiento alimentario y el bienestar de la dorada (Sparus aurata). The aim of the present Thesis was to study the daily feeding rhythms and welfare in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)