Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

The rising interest in the valorisation of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons why exploring different species and optimizing the extracting conditions of collagen and gelatin has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. The most abundant sources of gelatin are pig skin, bovine hide and, pork and cattle bones, however, the industrial use of collagen or gelatin obtained from non-mammalian species is growing in importance. The classical food, photographic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical application of gelatin is based mainly on its gel-forming properties. Recently, and especially in the food industry, an increasing number of new applications have been found for gelatin in products such as emulsifiers, foaming agents, colloid stabilizers, biodegradable film-forming materials and micro-encapsulating agents, in line with the growing trend to replace synthetic agents with more natural ones. In the last decade, a large number of studies have dealt with the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin for the production of bioactive peptides. Besides exploring diverse types of bioactivities, of an antimicrobial, antioxidant or antihypertensive nature, studies have also focused on the effect of oral intake in both animal and human models, revealing the excellent absorption and metabolism of Hyp-containing peptides. The present work is a compilation of recent information on collagen and gelatin extraction from new sources, as well as new processing conditions and potential novel or improved applications, many of which are largely based on induced cross-linking, blending with other biopolymers or enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

The rising interest in the valorisation of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons why exploring different species and optimizing the extracting conditions of collagen and gelatin has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. The most abundant sources of gelatin are pig skin, bovine hide and, pork and cattle bones, however, the industrial use of collagen or gelatin obtained from non-mammalian species is growing in importance. The classical food, photographic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical application of gelatin is based mainly on its gel-forming properties. Recently, and especially in the food industry, an increasing number of new applications have been found for gelatin in products such as emulsifiers, foaming agents, colloid stabilizers, biodegradable film-forming materials and micro-encapsulating agents, in line with the growing trend to replace synthetic agents with more natural ones. In the last decade, a large number of studies have dealt with the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin for the production of bioactive peptides. Besides exploring diverse types of bioactivities, of an antimicrobial, antioxidant or antihypertensive nature, studies have also focused on the effect of oral intake in both animal and human models, revealing the excellent absorption and metabolism of Hyp-containing peptides. The present work is a compilation of recent information on collagen and gelatin extraction from new sources, as well as new processing conditions and potential novel or improved applications, many of which are largely based on induced cross-linking, blending with other biopolymers or enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular health among children

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cardiovascular health indicators in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 365 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 from the Region of Madrid. Anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements were collected. Variables relating to habits and lifestyles, parental level of education, and data on their diet, through three 24 h food recall surveys, were also collected. The diet quality indicators considered are the DII based on 25 nutrients and the KIDMED index. Results: Children with a more pro-inflammatory diet came from families with lower levels of parental education (p P50), the likelihood of developing hypertension in childhood is 2.1 times higher (OR = 2.085 (1.107–3.927)) and they have more than twice the risk of developing obesity (OR = 2.3) or developing obesity and hypertension simultaneously (OR = 1.290 (1.316–3.985)). Furthermore, predictive models showed that the children with a pro-inflammatory diet (>P50) had higher values for BFM% (β = 1.957; p = 0.026) and BMI (β = 0.015; p = 0.012) than children with a lower inflammatory diet (<P50). Conclusions: Higher values on the DII are related to poorer nutritional status and cardiovascular health in childhood. Thus, a pro-inflammatory diet is also associated with a lower socio-economic level and poorer diet qualit

Quality of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) treated with melanosis-inhibiting formulations during chilled storage

This work investigates how the treatment of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) with several melanosis-inhibiting formulations, affects the quality of the shrimp during chilled storage. Formulations were as follows: a formulation containing 4-hexylresorcinol (0.1 and 0.05%), in combination with organic acids and chelating agents, a commercial formula based on sulphites, and a mixture of gluconic acid and commercial sulphites. No noticeable differences were observed for both trimethylamine and total volatile bases during chilled storage. pH evolution was irrespective of the treatment condition. Microbial load enlarged after the sixth day of chilled storage. Higher total bacteria counts were associated with the control and sulphite treatment conditions, while lactic acid bacteria growth seemed to be favoured under formulations based on 4-hexylresorcinol. The appearance of melanosis occurred more rapidly in control shrimp or in shrimp treated with commercial sulphites. 4-hexylresorcinol formulations preserved the quality of thawed shrimp and could replace traditional sulphites. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation 2007 Institute of Food Science and Technology Trust Fund.Peer Reviewe

Adaptación del Inventory Maslach Burnout – Student Survey (MBI-SS) Versión Colombiana en Universitarios de Lima

El objetivo del estudio fue Adaptar el Inventory Maslach Burnout – Student Survey (MBI-SS) versión colombiana en universitarios de Lima, atreves de un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo e instrumental. Se aplicó el inventario a 950 estudiantes universitarios de Lima encontrándose evidencia empírica de la validez de la estructura interna de los 14 ítems (S-B X²/gl = 587; CFI =.95; RMSEA= .056; SRMR= .056; TLI =.94), efectuando así un modelo ortogonal de tres factores. Se determinó también la relación del Síndrome de Burnout con estrés percibido y cansancio emocional, reportando correlaciones entre factores desarrollados mediante el rs de cansancio emocional de .246 y del estrés percibido de .400. Con un tamaño de efecto de 0.06 y de 0.16 respectivamente. Asimismo, se obtuvo puntuaciones adecuadas respecto a los niveles de confiabilidad por consistencia interna, en agotamiento emocional se obtuvo α y ω= 0.8; además en cinismo y eficacia se observó valores de α y ω= 0.7. Considerando los resultados obtenidos podemos demostrar que la adaptación del Inventory Maslach Burnout- Student Survey (MBI-SS) es considerado valido y confiable en la versión adaptada en Lima

Relación entre alimentación, nivel socioeconómico e indicadores tempranos de salud cardiovascular

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Indicators of cardiovascular risk, breastfeeding patterns and mother's lifestyle during fetal growth and child development

Introduction: Nutrition in the early stages of the human life cycle could have a programmer effect on physiology and metabolism of the individual conditioning their health in the future. Objective: To describe patterns of breastfeeding and the current nutritional status of a sample of 217 children analyzing the possible relationship between nutritional conditions that elapses growth and development process and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Methods: Weight, height and waist circumference was taken by anthropometry, Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as an early indicator of cardiovascular risk was measured. Results: 94.7% of mothers rely on breast milk as the best food for newborns but only 88.8% initiated breastfeeding in the first few days after birth and only the 15.6% of them reach 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding recommended by the World Health Organiza - tion. The 29.3% of boys and 24% of girls were over-weight and there were obesity in 10.3% and 6% respectively. There is significant inverse linear variation between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and waist circumference (p = 0.033, B = -0.215), also with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.032, B = -0.215). There is a trend to increase the BMI when the duration of exclusive breastfeeding decreases. Conclusion: The breastfeeding patterns described in the sample do not conform to international recommendations and is obvious the relationship between phy - siological variables indicative of early cardiovascular risk and fat accumulationIntroducción: La nutrición en las primeras etapas del ciclo vital humano podría ejercer un efecto programador en la fisiología y el metabolismo del individuo condicionando su estado de salud en el futuro. Objetivo: Describir los patrones de lactancia y el estado nutricional actual de una muestra de 217 niños/as analizando la posible relación entre las condiciones nutricionales en las que transcurre el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en el futuro. Métodos: Mediante antropometría se tomó peso, talla, perímetro de la cintura, se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y se midió la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica como indicador temprano de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: El 94,7% de las madres confían en la leche materna como el mejor alimento para el recién nacido pero solo el 88,8% inician la lactancia materna en los primeros días después del parto y solo un 15,6% alcanzan los 6 meses de lactancia materna exclusiva recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El 29,3% de los niños y el 24% de las niñas presentaron sobrepeso y, obesidad, el 10,3% y 6% respectivamente. Existe variación lineal significativa e inversa entre la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva y el perímetro de cintura (p=0,033; B= -0,215), también con la tensión arterial diastólica (p=0,032; B = -0,215). Se encuentra una tendencia a aumentar el IMC cuando la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva disminuye. Conclusión: Los patrones de lactancia descritos en la muestra no se adecuan a las recomendaciones internacionales y resulta evidente la relación entre variables fisiológicas indicadores tempranos de riesgo cardiovascular e indicadores de acúmulo grasoAl Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) por la subvención del proyecto FEM2009-13434-C02-01. A las instituciones, madres y niños que prestaron su colaboración para llevar a cabo este proyect

Active nanocomposite films based on soy proteins-montmorillonite- clove essential oil for the preservation of refrigerated bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fillets

This manuscript evaluates the potential application of active nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI)-montmorillonite (MMT)-clove essential oil (CEO) to the preservation of muscle fillets of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during refrigerated storage, and furthermore analyzes whether the clay diffuses from the package to food. SPI films with: CEO (SPI-CEO), MMT (SPI-MMT), or both CEO and MMT (SPI-MMT-CEO), were prepared and used to cover tuna fillets during 17 days of storage at 2 °C. Polyethylene films were also used as control. Protein films nanoreinforced with 10 g MMT/100 g SPI and activated with CEO were able to decrease microbial growth (evaluated by TVBN and microorganism counts) and lipid autooxidation (evaluated according to the TBA index, FTIR and color parameters) of tuna fillets during the storage period studied. The presence of clay seemed to favor the release of the active principles of clove oil by prolonging its antimicrobial (especially effective to inhibit Pseudomonas spp.) and antioxidant activity over time without observing the diffusion of the clay's own metals (Si and Al) from the nanocomposite materials to the muscle of fish. These results are encouraging for the use of nanocomposite films in food packaging.Fil: Echeverría, Ignacio. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: López Caballero, María Elvira. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutrición; EspañaFil: Gómez Guillén, María Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutrición; EspañaFil: Mauri, Adriana Noemi. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montero, María Pilar. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Alimentos y Nutrición; Españ

Active nanocomposite films based on soy proteins-montmorillonite- clove essential oil for the preservation of refrigerated bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fillets

This manuscript evaluates the potential application of active nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI)-montmorillonite (MMT)-clove essential oil (CEO) to the preservation of muscle fillets of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during refrigerated storage, and furthermore analyzes whether the clay diffuses from the package to food. SPI films with: CEO (SPI-CEO), MMT (SPI-MMT), or both CEO and MMT (SPI-MMT-CEO), were prepared and used to cover tuna fillets during 17 days of storage at 2 °C. Polyethylene films were also used as control. Protein films nanoreinforced with 10 g MMT/100 g SPI and activated with CEO were able to decrease microbial growth (evaluated by TVBN and microorganism counts) and lipid autooxidation (evaluated according to the TBA index, FTIR and color parameters) of tuna fillets during the storage period studied. The presence of clay seemed to favor the release of the active principles of clove oil by prolonging its antimicrobial (especially effective to inhibit Pseudomonas spp.) and antioxidant activity over time without observing the diffusion of the clay's own metals (Si and Al) from the nanocomposite materials to the muscle of fish. These results are encouraging for the use of nanocomposite films in food packaging.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Active nanocomposite films based on soy proteins-montmorillonite- clove essential oil for the preservation of refrigerated bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fillets

This manuscript evaluates the potential application of active nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI)-montmorillonite (MMT)-clove essential oil (CEO) to the preservation of muscle fillets of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during refrigerated storage, and furthermore analyzes whether the clay diffuses from the package to food. SPI films with: CEO (SPI-CEO), MMT (SPI-MMT), or both CEO and MMT (SPI-MMT-CEO), were prepared and used to cover tuna fillets during 17 days of storage at 2 °C. Polyethylene films were also used as control. Protein films nanoreinforced with 10 g MMT/100 g SPI and activated with CEO were able to decrease microbial growth (evaluated by TVBN and microorganism counts) and lipid autooxidation (evaluated according to the TBA index, FTIR and color parameters) of tuna fillets during the storage period studied. The presence of clay seemed to favor the release of the active principles of clove oil by prolonging its antimicrobial (especially effective to inhibit Pseudomonas spp.) and antioxidant activity over time without observing the diffusion of the clay's own metals (Si and Al) from the nanocomposite materials to the muscle of fish. These results are encouraging for the use of nanocomposite films in food packaging.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento