La utopía europea: Francisco Javier Espinosa Antón. Inventores de la paz, soñadores de Europa. Siglo de la Ilustración. Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid (2012), pp. 245

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Sobre el fundamento natural de la ética: el cerebro altruista. Pfaff, D.W.: El cerebro altruista. Por qué somos naturalmente buenos. Barcelona, Herder, 2017, 365 pp.

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Ética, naturaleza y pensamiento II. Ontología y neuroética a través de la filosofía de Spinoza

En el presente artículo, se trazarán algunas líneas generales de la filosofía de Spinoza con objeto de mostrar su adecuación para la integración de las actuales perspectivas en neuroética, y cómo los enunciados de ésta podrían enriquecerse mediante su inclusión en un proyecto ético como el del autor hispanoportugués. Este proceso se desarrollará a partir de una breve caracterización de su ontología que devendrá en un bosquejo de sus posibles beneficios tanto para esta filosofía como para la neuroéticaIn this article, some general lines about the philosophy of Spinoza will be outlined with the purpose of showing its adaptation to integrate the new perspectives on neuroethics, and how its statements might be enriched by its inclusion in an ethical project such as the one from Spinoza. This will be done from a brief overview of its ontology towards a sketch of its possible benefits both for this philosophy and neuroethics

Pensamiento, idea e ideatum en la filosofía de Spinoza

A recurring problem of the philosophy of Spinoza has been the question about the status of the attributes and its consideration in relation to the one Substance. Their equality is a necessary condition of the system and each attribute have to be representable only in terms of itself. Fromthe attributes of Thought and Extension, in this paper I will focus on the rooted difficulties around the apparent greater extension of the attribute of Thought, sketching an interpretation that allows us to understand and express it in the terms that the spinozistic model demands.RESUMEN: Un problema recurrente de la filosofía spinozista ha sido la pregunta por el estatus de los atributos en torno a su consideración respecto de la Sustancia. Su equidad es condición necesaria del sistema y, en virtud de ello, deben ser representables sólo en términos de sí mismos. A partir de los atributos de la extensión y el pensamiento, en este artículo enfocaré la inveterada problemática en torno a la aparente mayor extensión del atributo del pensamiento, esbozando una interpretación del mismo que permite entenderlo y expresarlo en los términos que exige el modelo del autor hispanoportugués.ABSTRACT: A recurring problem of the philosophy of Spinoza has been the question about the status of the attributes and its consideration in relation to the one Substance. Their equality is a necessary condition of the system and each attribute have to be representable only in terms of itself. From the attributes of Thought and Extension, in this paper I will focus on the rooted difficulties around the apparent greater extension of the attribute of Thought, sketching an interpretation that allows us to understand and express it in the terms that the spinozistic model demands

«Spinoza, una cartografía de la ética», o el periplo desde y hacia una infinitud por explorar / «Spinoza, una cartografía de la ética», or the journey from and towards an infinity to explore Cohen Agrest, D., Spinoza, una cartografía de la Ética. Buenos Aires, Editorial Eudeba, 2015, 277 pp

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Los dos caminos del laberinto Barroco: Un próspero hacia la contemporaneidad: Francisco José Martínez. Próspero en el laberinto: las dos caras del Barroco. Editorial Dykinson, Madrid (2014), 280 pp.

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Spinoza: materiales, problemas, nociones: Pierre-François Moreau. Spinoza. Filosofía, física y ateísmo.Traducción de Pedro Lomba Falcón. Antonio Machado Libros, Madrid (2014), 268 pp.

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Ethic, nature and thought I. The atribute of Thought in the philosophy of Spinoza: notes on the infinite mediate mode

El modo infinito mediato del pensamiento en la filosofía de Spinoza ha suscitado no pocas controversias tanto en vida de su autor como en sus posteriores estudios. En este breve trabajo, se esbozará una interpretación del mismo dentro del marco ontológico infinito e impersonal de la Sustancia, sin que ello ponga en entredicho la pluralidad de consciencias y subjetividades en una realidad que, en tanto pensamiento, se expresa y define como continua, infinita y atemporal.Thought’s mediate infinite mode in the philosophy of Spinoza has caused many controversies both in his author’s life and the following studies. In this brief work, an interpretation will be sketched of that mode inside the Substance’s infinite and impersonal ontological framework without harming the plurality of consciousness and subjectivities in a reality that, considered under the attribute of Thought, it is expressed and defined as continuous, infinite, and timeless

Assessment of the bioaccessibility of PAHs and other hazardous compounds present in recycled tire rubber employed in synthetic football fields

Recycled tire crumb rubber (RTCR) surfaces contain harmful and carcinogenic substances, which can be ingested by the users of these facilities, mainly athletes and children. In this work, the potential in-vitro oral bioaccessibility of eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from RTCR employed as infill in synthetic football fields was studied in human synthetic body fluids (saliva, gastric, duodenal and bile), prepared according the Unified Bioaccessibility Method. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using commercial sorbents and a new green material based on cork (cork industry by-product) were used to isolate the bioaccessible PAHs before gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The method was optimized and validated attending the analytical figures of merit. The feasibility of cork biosorbent for the extraction of the compounds was demonstrated, as well as the suitability of the UBM method to perform the digestion with good precision. The application to real samples collected from football fields demonstrated the presence of 17 of the 18 target PAHs in the biofluids. Most volatile PAHs such as NAP, ACY, ACE, FLU, PHN and ANC, achieved the highest bioaccessibility percentage levels. The carcinogenic B[a]P was detected in 75 % of the samples at concentrations up to 2.5 ng g−1 (bioaccessible fraction). Children exposure assessment was carried out to identify potential risk. Other hazardous and environmentally problematic compounds such as N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone), recently related with the dead of coho salmon, and hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), among others, were also detected. This is the first study in which the bioaccesibility from real crumb rubber samples of 15 out of the 16 PAHs considered as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the presence of 6PPD-quinone and HMMM in the bioaccessible fractions is reportedThis research was supported by projects RETOS PID2019-104336RB-I00, UNST10-1E-491 and RED2018-102522-T (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain), and ED431 2020/06 and IN607B 2022/15 (Xunta de Galicia). This study is based upon work from the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network and upon work from the IUPAC project No. 2021-015-2-500. All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (EU)S