COMPONENTES ANTIINFLAMATÓRIOS NA SALIVA DO LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS, VETOR DA Leishmania chagasi

A inoculação da saliva de vetores na pele do hospedeiro é importante tanto para a alimentação do inseto quanto para a transmissão e estabelecimento de várias infecções. Em leishmaniose, vários estudos demonstram que a saliva dos vetores Lutzomyia e Phlebotomus contém substâncias com atividades imunossupressoras, imunomodulatórias, vasodilatadoras, anti-plaquetárias e anticoagulantes. Os componentes salivares auxiliam a alimentação do inseto através do aumento do fluxo sanguíneo, assim como induzem a imunossupressão no hospedeiro, o que é fundamental para o estabelecimento da infecção por Leishmania. Neste trabalho foi observado que a saliva induz a produção de IL-10, citocina antiinflamatória, não alterando a produção de IFN-g , citocina próinflamatória, no foco da inflamação. Além disso, a saliva potencializa o edema induzido por carragenina.ABSTRACT The inoculation of the saliva with vectors in the skin of the parasite is important to the feeding of the insect as well as to the transmission and establishment of various infections. In leishmaniasis, there are many studies which show that the saliva of the vectors Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus contain substances with immunossupressor, immunomodulatory, vasodilatator, antiplaque and anticlotting activities. The salivary components help in the feeding of the insect by means of the increase of the blood flow as well as they induce to the immunossupression of the parasite, which is fundamental to the establishment of the infection by Leishmania. In this work, it was observed that the saliva induces to the production of IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokine, and it does not alter the IFN-g levels, proinflammatory cytokine, in the centre of the inflammation. Furthermore, the saliva enhances the edema induced by carrageenin

Controle de Qualidade em Concentrados de Hemácias no Hemonúcleo de Guarapuava - PR

A hemoterapia moderna baseia-se na utilizacao correta dos diversos hemocomponentes, associados a um maior controle de qualidade do sangue, o que a torna mais segura e, atualmente, muitos pacientes sao benefi ciados com derivados sanguineos de uma unica doacao. Com isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o indice de descarte de Concentrados de Hemacias de Pequeno Volume (CHPV) no Hemonucleo de Guarapuava (PR), no periodo de um mes, utilizando como criterios o volume/bolsa e concentracao de Hemoglobina/bolsa (Hb/bolsa). Neste estudo, foi observado maior indice de descarte de CHPV (39%), quando o criterio utilizado para avaliacao dessas CHPV’s foi a relacao volume/bolsa. Entretanto, quando o critério utilizado foi concentracao Hb/bolsa, o percentual de descarte foi de 9% dessas bolsas. Alem disso, os dados mostraram que a maioria das bolsas CHPV descartadas pertencia a doadores do sexo feminino (≥6%) utilizando ambos os criterios. Nesse trabalho, podemos concluir que a dosagem de Hb e extremamente importante em centros hemoterapicos, visto que diminui o numero de bolsas de hemacias descartadas e que podem ser utilizadas na hemoterapia. No entanto, na falta dessa dosagem, acreditamos que o criterio da relacao volume/bolsa e importante para selecionar hemocomponentes de qualidade e assim permitir maior seguranca aos pacientes que necessitam de transfusao

Enteroparasitas presentes no Arroio do Engenho no município de Guarapuava, ParanáEnteroparasites detected at Arroio do Engenho in the city of Guarapuava, Parana

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a contaminação por enteroparasitos do Arroio do Engenho – mais especificamente, no Parque do Lago e no Arroio do Engenho na Vila Concórdia – e, a partir desse levantamento, caracterizar a qualidade de vida da população residente na região. Em três diferentes períodos foram colhidas 67 amostras de água no local denominado Parque do Lago e no Arroio do Engenho na Vila Concórdia, Guarapuava, Paraná. O levantamento dos enteroparasitos foi realizado através do método de sedimentação de Hoffman nos meses de fevereiro a julho de 2006. Os dados mostraram que os ovos de ancilostomideos foram às formas parasitarias mais freqüentemente encontradas (51,9%), seguidas de larvas rabditóide (25,9%) e filarióide (12,0%), respectivamente, sendo que as coletas realizadas no Parque do Lago, apresentaram maior numero de parasitas quando comparadas as do Arroio do Engenho na Vila Concórdia. Os resultados demonstraram que o ambiente estudado era adequado para o embrionamento, desenvolvimento e sobrevivência das larvas, o que indica a existência de condições favoráveis a infecção humana e a precariedade dos serviços de saneamento básico comprometendo, assim, a salubridade do meio.AbstractThe aim of this study has been to evaluate the enteroparasite contamination level in the stream “Arroio do Engenho” and its relation to the quality of life of the population that lives in its vicinity. 67 samples were collected at the “Parque do Lago” and at Concordia Village, in Guarapuava, Parana, in three different times. The parasitological analysis applied Hoffman’s sedimentation technique from February to July, 2006. The data showed that the Ancylostom eggs were the most frequent parasitic forms (51,9%), followed by rabditoid (25,9%) and by filariform larvae (12,0%), respectively. Moreover, the “Parque do Lago” samples presented a greater amount of parasites than the Concordia Village samples. These results demonstrated that the environmental features of the studied places were adequate for the embryogeny, development and survival of larvae, which indicates the existence of favorable conditions for human infection and the precariousness of environmental sanitation services, thus compromising the environmental salubrity

Aedes–Chikungunya Virus Interaction: Key Role of Vector Midguts Microbiota and Its Saliva in the Host Infection

Aedes mosquitoes are important vectors for emerging diseases caused by arboviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses’ main transmitting species are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which are present in tropical and temperate climatic areas all over the globe. Knowledge of vector characteristics is fundamentally important to the understanding of virus transmission. Only female mosquitoes are able to transmit CHIKV to the vertebrate host since they are hematophagous. In addition, mosquito microbiota is fundamentally important to virus infection in the mosquito. Microorganisms are able to modulate viral transmission in the mosquito, such as bacteria of the Wolbachia genus, which are capable of preventing viral infection, or protozoans of the Ascogregarina species, which are capable of facilitating virus transmission between mosquitoes and larvae. The competence of the mosquito is also important in the transmission of the virus to the vertebrate host, since their saliva has several substances with biological effects, such as immunomodulators and anticoagulants, which are able to modulate the host’s response to the virus, interfering in its pathogenicity and virulence. Understanding the Aedes vector-chikungunya interaction is fundamentally important since it can enable the search for new methods of combating the virus’ transmission

OCORRÊNCIA DE PARASITAS EM PRAÇAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNÍCIPIO DE GUARAPUAVA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas nas caixas de areia de oito praças públicas da cidade de Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil, em quatro diferentes estações. As amostras foram coletadas de caixas de areia, e então concentradas pelas técnicas de Faust e Hoffmann, para posterior identificação dos parasitos por microscopia. Dentre as amostras, 52% (83) apresentavam-se positivas para algum parasito, incluindo ovos, larvas e cistos, e 48% (77) negativas. As estações de primavera e outono foram as que apresentaram maior contaminação, totalizando 65% (26) das amostras. As larvas rabditóides foram encontrados em 22% (35), Ascaris sp. em 20,3% (32), Entamoeba coli em 14% (22), Taenia sp. em 12,1% (19), Toxocara s. em 9,5% (15) e Ancylostoma sp./ Necator. sp em 8,2% (13) das amostras. Estes dados demostram um problema de saúde pública devido à contaminação ambiental e um risco de transmissão de vários agentes para o homem e os animais

Flutuação populacional de bactérias do gênero Azospirillum em solo cultivado com milho e em campo nativoPopulation fl uctuation of bacteria of the Azospirillum sort in soil cultivated with maize and native field

As bactérias do gênero Azospirillum têm a capacidade de realizar fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), tornando o nitrogênio disponível para as plantas e também realizam interações com as raízes de plantas, auxiliando no crescimento radicular e consequentemente contribuindo para o crescimento e absorção de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar a flutuação populacional das bactérias do gênero Azospirillum em amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em área de campo nativo e campo cultivado com milho. O solo da área pesquisada fica sobre um conjunto de relevo denominado Planalto de Guarapuava. O período de coleta foi de agosto de 2003 a abril de 2004. Foram realizadas análises de pH, temperatura e umidade. Não existiu diferença estatística nas contagens de bactérias.Summary The bacteria of the Azospirillum sort have the capacity to carry through biological nitrogen setting (BNS), becoming available nitrogen for the plants and also they carry through interactions with the roots of plants, assisting in the growth to roots consequently and contributing for the growth and absorption of nutrients. The objective of this work was to verify the population fluctuation of the bacteria of the Azospirillum sort in soil samples in the depth of 0-5 cm, area of native field and field cultivated with maize. The soil of the searched area is on a set of called relief Plateaus of Guarapuava. The period of collection was of August of 2003 the April of 2004. Analyses of pH, temperature and humidity had been carried through. Difference did not exist statistics in the countings of bacteria

In vitro protective effect and antioxidant mechanism of Resveratrol induced by Dapsone Hydroxylamine in human cells

Dapsone (DDS) hydroxylamine metabolites cause oxidative stress- linked adverse effects in patients, such as methemoglobin formation and DNA damage. This study evaluated the ameliorating effect of the antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) on DDS hydroxylamine (DDSNHOH) mediated toxicity in vitro using human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The antioxidant mechanism was also studied using in-silico methods. In addition, RSV provided intracellular protection by inhibiting DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by DDS-NHOH. However, whilst pretreatment with RSV (10-1000 μM significantly attenuated DDS-NHOH-induced methemoglobinemia, but it was not only significantly less effective than methylene blue (MET), but also post-treatment with RSV did not reverse methemoglobin formation, contrarily to that observed with MET. DDS-NHOH inhibited catalase (CAT) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but did not alter superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. Pretreatment with RSV did not alter these antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes treated with DDS-NHOH. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory methods showed that DDS-NHOH has a pro-oxidant effect, whereas RSV and MET have antioxidant effect on ROS. The effect on methemoglobinemia reversion for MET was significantly higher than that of RSV. These data suggest that the pretreatment with resveratrol may decrease heme-iron oxidation and DNA damage through reduction of ROS generated in cells during DDS therapy

A comparison between characterization and biological properties of brazilian fresh and aged propolis

As propolis is a highly valued bee product, we aimed to verify the quality of aged propolis, investigating their phenolic and flavonoid composition, levels of toxic metals, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. Samples of fresh and aged propolis of six different beekeepers, from the same geographical location, were investigated in terms of their phenolic and flavonoid composition and levels of Pb, Cd, and Cr, as well as radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. The two groups of propolis had similar qualitative composition by HPLC-PDA and ESI(-)-MS. Fresh propolis and aged propolis show no differences when average values of extraction yield, flavonoids, EC50, or MIC were compared and both types of propolis showed good antimicrobial activity at low concentrations. Only levels of phenolic compounds were higher in fresh propolis. The propolis samples considered in this study, aged or fresh, had similar qualitative composition, although they were collected in different periods. Samples only differed in their levels of total phenolic content. Moreover, aged propolis conserves significant radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties. We suggest that aged propolis should not be discarded but explored for alternative applications.As propolis is a highly valued bee product, we aimed to verify the quality of aged propolis, investigating their phenolic and flavonoid composition, levels of toxic metals, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. Material and Methods. Samples of2014FINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFA - FUNDAÇÃO ARAUCÁRIA DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓsem informaçãosem informaçãosem informação10908/PPP/2006sem informaçãoThe study had financial support by Financiadora de Estudos e projetos (FINEP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Fundação Araucária (10908/PPP/2006), and P

Salivary gland extract from Aedes aegypti improves survival in murine polymicrobial sepsis through oxidative mechanisms

Sepsis is a systemic disease with life-threatening potential and is characterized by a dysregulated immune response from the host to an infection. The organic dysfunction in sepsis is associated with the production of inflammatory cascades and oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that Aedes aegypti saliva has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. Considering inflammation and the role of oxidative stress in sepsis, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ae. aegypti in the induction of inflammatory and oxidative processes in a murine cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Here, we evaluated animal survival for 16 days, as well as bacterial load, leukocyte migration, and oxidative parameters. We found that the SGE pretreatment improved the survival of septic mice, reduced bacterial load and neutrophil influx, and increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the peritoneal cavity. With regard to oxidative status, SGE increased antioxidant defenses as measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Altogether, these data suggest that SGE plays a protective role in septic animals, contributing to oxidative and inflammatory balance during sepsis. Therefore, Ae. aegypti SGE is a potential source for new therapeutic molecule(s) in polymicrobial sepsis, and this effect seems to be mediated by the control of inflammation and oxidative damage