25 research outputs found

    Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are increased in the hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuroinflammation occurs after seizures and is implicated in epileptogenesis. CCR2 is a chemokine receptor for CCL2 and their interaction mediates monocyte infiltration in the neuroinflammatory cascade triggered in different brain pathologies. In this work CCR2 and CCL2 expression were examined following status epilepticus (SE) induced by pilocarpine injection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>SE was induced by pilocarpine injection. Control rats were injected with saline instead of pilocarpine. Five days after SE, CCR2 staining in neurons and glial cells was examined using imunohistochemical analyses. The number of CCR2 positive cells was determined using stereology probes in the hippocampus. CCL2 expression in the hippocampus was examined by molecular assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Increased CCR2 was observed in the hippocampus after SE. Seizures also resulted in alterations to the cell types expressing CCR2. Increased numbers of neurons that expressed CCR2 was observed following SE. Microglial cells were more closely apposed to the CCR2-labeled cells in SE rats. In addition, rats that experienced SE exhibited CCR2-labeling in populations of hypertrophied astrocytes, especially in CA1 and dentate gyrus. These CCR2+ astroctytes were not observed in control rats. Examination of CCL2 expression showed that it was elevated in the hippocampus following SE.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data show that CCR2 and CCL2 are up-regulated in the hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced SE. Seizures also result in changes to CCR2 receptor expression in neurons and astrocytes. These changes might be involved in detrimental neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory changes that occur following seizures.</p

    Descentralizaci贸n educativa en colombia como proceso de innovaci贸n y mejoramiento: 驴realidad o utop铆a?

    Get PDF
    Through this article, it will be intended an approximated descriptive analysis of the decentralization process of monetary and human resources, which has characterized that endeavor to innovate the centralized administration system of the education sector. This system was maintained in Colombia since the early 70's, but was modified during the 90's. Throughout its texts, the most relevant characteristics of the administration of resources of our Colombian system are exposed in the basic levels of public education, which has been distinguished by its deficiencies in quality and curricular content, and by a coverage that is often scarce for the majority of the population whose material and economic resources are limited; this population usually dwells in the most remote regions and municipalities inside the geographic territory of Colombia.Mediante el presente art铆culo se intenta una aproximaci贸n al an谩lisis descriptivo del proceso de descentralizaci贸n del recurso monetario y humano, que ha caracterizado aquella gesti贸n para la innovaci贸n al interior del sistema de administraci贸n centralizado del sector educativo. Este sistema se mantuvo en Colombia desde inicios de los 70鈥檚, pero que fue modificado durante la d茅cada de los 90鈥檚. A lo largo de sus textos se describen las caracter铆sticas m谩s relevantes de la administraci贸n de recursos de nuestro sistema colombiano en los niveles b谩sicos de la educaci贸n p煤blica, la cual se ha distinguido por sus falencias de calidad y en los contenidos de sus programas de estudio; y por una cobertura a menudo deficitaria para la mayor铆a de la poblaci贸n cuyos recursos materiales y econ贸micos son muy limitados; dicha poblaci贸n usualmente habita las regiones y municipios apartados dentro territorio geogr谩fico de Colombia

    Influence of different levels of dried citrus pulp on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics of total mixed ration in goat rumen inocula

    Get PDF
    Inclusion of dried citrus pulp (DCP) at different levels: 0 (control), 10% (DCP10), 20 (DCP20), and 30% (DCP30) of the total mixed ration (TMR) was evaluated by in vitro gas production (GP), and ruminal fermentation patterns, in a completely randomized design. Rumen fluid was collected before the morning meal from 8 gestating goats (Boer脳Saanen, body weight 3卤2.3 kg). GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. Ruminal fermentation parameters such as 96 h partitioning factor (PF96), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and metabolizable energy (ME) were also estimated. Inclusion of DCP linearly increased (P<0.01) cumulative gas production at 24, 48, and 96 h after inoculation, as well as asymptotic gas production (b). Rations at 30% and 10% DCP had the highest values of gas production, whereas control and 20% DCP presented the same values (quadratic effect P<0.01). Lag phase (L) decreased linearly (P<0.001) with DCP addition. IVDMD and IVOMD increased linearly (P<0.01) with the inclusion of DCP in rations. The ration at 30% DCP (DCP30) had the greatest value of ME and SCFA, but no differences were observed in the PF96 among treatments. The data suggest that the DCP30 ration had the best impact on rumen gas production and IVDMD, IVOMD, ME, and SCFA

    Estudio de factibilidad para la creaci贸n de una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n en la ciudad de Bogot谩

    Get PDF
    Determinar la factibilidad de crear una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n de microempresas en la ciudad de Bogot谩 D.C.En el presente documento, se realiz贸 el estudio de factibilidad para la creaci贸n de una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n en la ciudad de Bogot谩. Este estudio se enfoca en las peque帽as y medianas empresas, quienes son representadas o dirigidas en la mayor铆a de los casos por sus propietarios, donde se ha evidenciado que estos cuentan con el conocimiento t茅cnico, pero en contra posici贸n, carecen de conocimientos administrativos, esto ha generado falta de competitividad en el tan apretado mercado actual, generando en muchos casos el cierre de estas por insolvencia debido a malos manejos y sobrecostos de operaci贸n. La propuesta de este documento es estudiar si es factible crear una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n de microempresas en la ciudad de Bogot谩. Por medio de los estudios de mercado, t茅cnico, administrativo, legal y econ贸mico, junto a una evaluaci贸n financiera se determina si la creaci贸n de esta empresa es factible o no lo es.In this document, the feasibility study was carried out for the creation of a consulting company focused on reducing operating costs in the city of Bogot谩. This study focuses on small and medium-sized companies, who are represented or directed in most cases by their owners, where it has been shown that they have technical knowledge, but on the contrary, they lack administrative knowledge, this has generated lack of competitiveness in the current tight market, generating in many cases the closure of the same due to insolvency due to mismanagement and operating cost overruns. The proposal of this document is to study whether it is feasible to create a company that is dedicated to providing the service of guiding and reducing costs within this market segment to improve profit margins. Through a market, technical, administrative, legal and economic study, next to a financial evaluation, it is determined whether the creation of this company is feasible or no

    Estudio de factibilidad para la creaci贸n de una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n en la ciudad de Bogot谩

    Get PDF
    Determinar la factibilidad de crear una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n de microempresas en la ciudad de Bogot谩 D.C.En el presente documento, se realiz贸 el estudio de factibilidad para la creaci贸n de una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n en la ciudad de Bogot谩. Este estudio se enfoca en las peque帽as y medianas empresas, quienes son representadas o dirigidas en la mayor铆a de los casos por sus propietarios, donde se ha evidenciado que estos cuentan con el conocimiento t茅cnico, pero en contra posici贸n, carecen de conocimientos administrativos, esto ha generado falta de competitividad en el tan apretado mercado actual, generando en muchos casos el cierre de estas por insolvencia debido a malos manejos y sobrecostos de operaci贸n. La propuesta de este documento es estudiar si es factible crear una empresa de consultor铆a enfocada en la reducci贸n de costos de operaci贸n de microempresas en la ciudad de Bogot谩. Por medio de los estudios de mercado, t茅cnico, administrativo, legal y econ贸mico, junto a una evaluaci贸n financiera se determina si la creaci贸n de esta empresa es factible o no lo es.In this document, the feasibility study was carried out for the creation of a consulting company focused on reducing operating costs in the city of Bogot谩. This study focuses on small and medium-sized companies, who are represented or directed in most cases by their owners, where it has been shown that they have technical knowledge, but on the contrary, they lack administrative knowledge, this has generated lack of competitiveness in the current tight market, generating in many cases the closure of the same due to insolvency due to mismanagement and operating cost overruns. The proposal of this document is to study whether it is feasible to create a company that is dedicated to providing the service of guiding and reducing costs within this market segment to improve profit margins. Through a market, technical, administrative, legal and economic study, next to a financial evaluation, it is determined whether the creation of this company is feasible or no

    Falta de Innovaci贸n en las Empresas Colombianas

    Get PDF
    En este trabajo de investigaci贸n se hace referencia a la importancia que tiene la innovaci贸n para las empresas colombianas, ya que actualmente la innovaci贸n es considerada como uno de los factores b谩sicos de desarrollo en los pa铆ses avanzados y en las empresas. La innovaci贸n no consiste 煤nicamente en la incorporaci贸n de tecnolog铆a, sino que ha de ir m谩s all谩, debe ayudar a prever las necesidades de los mercados y a detectar los nuevos productos, procesos y servicios de mayor calidad, generando nuevas prestaciones con el menor coste posible. La innovaci贸n hace necesaria la reacci贸n ante los cambios que impone el mercado globalizado, por lo cual consideramos que las empresas colombianas deben centrarse m谩s en la aplicaci贸n de la innovaci贸n ya que esta permitir谩 traer mejores resultados y tambi茅n permitir谩 que las empresas colombianas ampl铆en su competitividad y llegar a ser una competencia solida internacionalmente.PALABRAS CLAVES:聽Cambios, Competitividad, Desarrollo, Innovaci贸n, Procesos.聽ABSTRACT In this research it refers to the importance of innovation for Colombian companies because innovation is currently considered one of the basic factors of development in the advanced countries and companies is made. Innovation is not just about the incorporation of technology, but must go further, should help to anticipate market needs and to identify new products, processes and higher quality services, generating new services at the lowest possible cost. Innovation requires the reaction to the changes imposed by the globalized market, we consider that Colombian companies should focus more on the application of innovation as this will allow to bring better results and also allow Colombian companies expand their competitiveness and become a strong competitive internationally.聽KEY WORDS: Changes, competitiveness, development, innovation, processes

    EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE Bi1-XSmXFeO3 SYSTEM

    Get PDF
    This paper reports the synthesis of the Bi1-xSmxFeO3 system (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) obtained by thesolid-state reaction method at 1073.15 K for 15 h. Characterization allowed evaluating the effect of Sm3+ insertion on thestructural, morphological and magnetic properties of the bismuth ferrite. Structural characterization was made by X-rayDiffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, indicating the formation of a rhombohedral majority phase of the space groupR3c (161) with a proportion higher than the reported up to now. The morphological characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed concluding that the insertion of samarium decreases the particle size from 7.5 渭m to 2.5 渭m, thanks to the smaller ionic radius, which also led to the contraction of the lattice parameters. The magnetic analysis showed a typical ferromagnetic behaviour in all of the synthesized samples, with the presence of a PM-AFM transition at 260 K.Este art铆culo reporta la s铆ntesis del sistema Bi1-xSmxFeO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 y 0.10) obtenido por el m茅todo dereacci贸n en estado s贸lido a 1073.15 K durante 15 h. La caracterizaci贸n permiti贸 evaluar el efecto de la inserci贸n de Sm3+ sobre las propiedades estructurales, morfol贸gicas y magn茅ticas de la ferrita de bismuto. La caracterizaci贸n estructural se realiz贸 mediante Difracci贸n de Rayos X (XRD) y refinamiento de Rietveld, lo que indica la formaci贸n de una fase rombo茅dricamayoritaria del grupo espacial R3c (161) con una proporci贸n superior a la reportada hasta ahora. La caracterizaci贸n morfol贸gica mediante microscop铆a electr贸nica de barrido (SEM) permiti贸 concluir que la inserci贸n de samario disminuye el tama帽o de part铆cula de 7.5 渭m a 2.5 渭m, gracias al menor radio i贸nico, que tambi茅n condujo a la contracci贸n de los par谩metros reticulares. El an谩lisis magn茅tico mostr贸 un comportamiento ferromagn茅tico t铆pico en todas las muestras sintetizadas, con la presencia de una transici贸n PM-AFM a 260 K

    Propuesta de mejoramiento a la gesti贸n del clima organizacional con base en los resultados de la evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o de Veolia Colombia.

    Get PDF
    El proyecto de investigaci贸n tiene como objetivo principal proponer un plan de mejoramiento a la evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o implementada actualmente en la empresa Veolia Holding Colombia S.A, en la cual se han identificado una serie de matices que afectan el verdadero prop贸sito de este proceso, repercutiendo principalmente en la motivaci贸n de los empleados, de esta manera pretendemos aportar significativamente al mejoramiento del clima laboral en la empresa. Seg煤n el an谩lisis la empresa Veolia Holding Colombia S.A. tiene implementado una evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o realizada cada a帽o, primero mediante autoevaluaci贸n y posterior a ello un formato de evaluaci贸n utilizado como herramienta para realizar sondeos mediante criterios por competencia y valores, lo que indicia que las relaciones laborales dentro de los trabajadores tiene un d茅ficit y los trabajadores no califican este criterio de la mejor manera as铆 mismo la iniciativa de toma de decisiones y el manejo de conflictos, lo que da como resultado del an谩lisis que aunque este implementada esta herramienta no se trabaja en la empresa por una mejora de puntaje de estos 铆tems y tampoco de mejora del clima laboral. La propuesta sugerida a la empresa fue una implementaci贸n de una evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o 360 grados a todo el personal de la empresa, teniendo en cuenta los cuatro criterios de evaluaci贸n con el fin de ayudar a mejorar los est谩ndares de evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o y as铆 mismo poder mejorar las relaciones interpersonales en el ambiente de trabajo por medio de la adecuada implementaci贸n y manejo de esta herramienta tan importante en el 谩rea del talento humano.The main objective of the research project is to propose an improvement plan to the performance evaluation currently implemented in the company Veolia Holding Colombia SA, in which a series of nuances have been identified that affect the true purpose of this process, mainly affecting the motivation of the employees, in this way we intend to contribute significantly to the improvement of the work environment in the company. According to the analysis, the company Veolia Holding Colombia S.A. has implemented a performance evaluation carried out every year, first through self-evaluation and later an evaluation format used as a tool to carry out surveys using criteria by competence and values, which indicates that the labor relations within the workers have a deficit and the Workers do not qualify this criterion in the best way, as well as the decision-making initiative and conflict management, which results in the analysis that although this tool is implemented, the company does not work due to an improvement in the score of these items and neither does it improve the work environment. The proposal suggested to the company was an implementation of a 360-degree performance evaluation to all company personnel, taking into account the four evaluation criteria in order to help improve performance evaluation standards and also be able to improve interpersonal relationships in the work environment through the proper implementation and management of this very important tool in the area of human talent
    corecore